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PARTIAL DISCHARGE MONITORING SYSTEM WITH USE OF RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR LAID IN STATOR COIL SLOT OF HYDRO POWER GENERATOR
Masaki Kanegami, Tatsuki Okamoto (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry), Takamasa Noda (Chubu Electric Power Co. , Inc. ), Kuniharu Hashimoto (The Kanssai Electric Power Co. , Inc. ), Kazuhiko Takimoto (Hokuriku Electric Power Co. ), Shunsuke Kondoh (Electric Power Development Co. ,Ltd. ) 240-0196(CRIEPI), 459-8522(Chubu), 66 1-0974(Kansai),930-0848(Hokuriku), 253-004 1(EPDC), Japan

INTRODUCTION
It is necessary to estimate precisely the breakdown strength of coil insulation if utilities intend to continue using stator coils which have been used for long time. For this purpose, monitoring of the maximum discharge magnitude (qm) of partial discharges (PDs) in coil insulation has been found to be useful [ 1-21. A monitoring method has been developed using the resistance temperature detector (RTD) laid in the stator coil slot of a hydro power generator as a PD current pulse detector [3-51. For the purpose of deciding diagnosis criteria based on the PD monitoring, long term PD characteristics should be clarified. We set monitoring systems in 4 hydro power stations. Over a period of one year, we have monitored several combinations of PD, line voltage, coil temperature and output current every hour. We analyzed these data and found strong correlation between qm and coil temperature.

PD MONITORING SYSTEM
Figure 1 shows schematic diagram of the PD monitoring system. We wired a spare RTD which is not in use to frame ground at terminal box placed in air duct. Using this RTD as a small coupling capacitor or a antenna, PD pulse current flowing on the ground line is detected by pickup coil. Figure 2 shows earthed RTD terminals and pickup coil. The detection amplifier is simple emitter follower whose power source is fed via coaxial cable from DC power supply driven by AC power source. The PD and other signals are inputted to digital storage oscilloscope(s) (1 or 2 TDS210 or TDS224, we call

them DSO). In each channel, the DSO has a A/D converter with sampling rate 1 G/s and peak hold function. Digital signals converted by the DSO are transferred to a note placed in local power station type personal computer (PC) via GP-IB cable and stored in the builtin hard disk. The local PC which has 32M byte memory and 1G byte builtin hard disk sends or receives controlling messages or data strings to/from DSO with constant interval (usually every hour). The digital data consists of PD and noises and they are accumulated up to 2500 points with 100 ps time scale for every acquisition. In order to improve reliability of the monitoring, the note type PC is selected because its power source is compensated with battery and it runs on during short time service interruption. Using file sever function provided by computer OS, data files stored in local PC are duplicated via telephone line to remote PC where data are processed and displayed. Data files are automatically transferred by controlling program running on remote PC. A data processing software was scribed with a macro language of a data analysis program, Igor Prow. This program converts each data to a array set of phase angle (g) and charge quantity (9) from which thyristor noise pulses are eliminated. The maximum charge quantity (qm) is defined as a charge quantity level over which PDs occur at a rate of 1 pulse per 1 cycle (50 or 60 pps).

OBJECTIVE GENERATOR AND SIGNALS

Specifications of generators and measured signals are shown in table 1. PD signal is inputted in channel 1 of DSO, PT (monitoring line voltage of generator) signal is channel 2. PT is isolated from DSO and its voltage is

@RTD terminal box

RTI

local site digital storage oscilloscopej GPIB

remote site

detection JJ amp. coaxial cable

DC PD power supply

PC

JJ

rr

PC

A A A

communication line

transformed to 10 V by isolation transformer. In order to record a coil temperature, a temperature of another RTD is transduced to DC voltage by temperature transducer. In some generator, CT (monitoring output current of generator) signal is recorded. Recording order is fixed as 1st: PD, 2nd: PT, 3rd: temperature, 4th: CT. In case of monitoring plural generators, the signals of second generator are fixed as 5th: PD, etc. and so on.

MONITORING RESULT
Figure 3 shows an example of data processing flow which converts recorded oscillogram to $-q-n graph. Original unit of PD signal is [mV] and is converted to conventional unit of [pC]. Charge quantity calibration test had once been done. The test consists of parallel two measurements. One is detecting both PD pulse and charge calibration pulse by conventional method via coupling capacitor connected to output terminal of generator. The other is detecting only PD pulse via RTD terminal. Using this result the [mV] is converted to the [pC] based upon a previously obtained conclusion where both qm by conventional method and RTD method are proportional to each other [ 5 ] . A transition of the maximum charge quantity (qm) and RTD temperature measured every 1 hour is shown in figure 4. They have been measured for approximately 17 months on generator "C". This graph shows that the largest qm throughout the year is approximately 60000 pC and that the qm changes seasonally and increases with temperature on generator "C". Figure 5 shows qm as a function of RTD temperature on this generator "C". This figure shows that qm correlates definitely with coil temperature. Figure 6 shows the relation between CT signal and qm on generator "C". Coil temperature will widely changes when output current is large. For this reason, scattering

range of qm widens with output current as shown in figure 6. Here, we consider a cause of the correlation between qm and coil temperature. The concerned generator is characterized by larger qm than the other generators. According to a deterioration diagnosis criterion with qm, the coil insulator is judged to be severely deteriorated. Therefore thermal and/or mechanical stresses may expand internal voids included in the insulation and may cause qm enlargement. As coil temperature is considered to be a factor of modifying PD charge, clarification of this phenomenon will assist making of deterioration diagnosis indicator.

CONCLUSION
Using discharge pulse detection method on hydro power generator being in operation without hot line job, we have easily set PD monitoring systems in 4 hydro power stations. Over a period of one year, we have monitored PD pulses and analyzed them with this system. As a result we found that large PDs occur when coil temperature is high. Clarification of this phenomenon may assist developing of deterioration diagnosis method. It is hoped that other instance will be collected at additional place and that the phenomenon will be researched.

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30000 20000

108

-a -20000
0.00 0.05 0.10 time [sec1 (a) Original oscillograph of PD pulse and PT signal
-0.10

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-30000 100 200 300 phase angle (b) Scatter diagram between peak values of PD pulse and F T voltage phase angle

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Fig.3 An example ofnoise elimination

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Fig.5 Maximum charge quantity as a function of coil temperature

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with use of resistance temperature detector laid in hydro power generator stator coil slot, Proceedings of the 9th annual conference of power & energy society IEE of Japan, vol. 2, pp. 29-34, 1998

1.5 2.0 2.5 output current [kA] Fig.6 Maximum charge quantity as a function of output current

0.0

0.5

1.0

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are grateful to the member of Naka-Tiiki-GijutuKenkyu-Renrakukai Hatuhenden-Souden-Bunkakai for helpful discussions. We are indebted to Mr. Imajo onetime Director, Electrical Engineering Department, CRIEPI for planning research program. We are indebted to Dr. Takasu previous Director, Electrical Engineering Department, CRIEPI for help and advice with research performance. Thanks are due to everyone concerned, staffs of power stations and Denryoku Technical Engineering Co., Ltd. for help with field test. Thanks are due to the member of Denryokubu-Kentoukai and Denryokubu-Senmonbetu-Kentoukai,CRIEPI for useful discussions and advice.

REFERENCES
[ I ] Lloyd, B. A., Campbell, S. R., and Stone, G. C., Continuous on-line partial discharge monitoring of generator stator windings, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1131-1138, 1999. [2] Campbell, S. R., Stone, G. C., Sedding, H. G., Klempner, G. S., McDermid, W., and Bussey, R. G., Practical on-line partial discharge test for turbine generators and motors, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 281-287, 1994. [3] Itoh, K., Kaneda, Y., Kitamura, S., Kimura, K., Nishimura, A., Tanaka, T., Tokura, H., and Okada, I., New noise rejection techniques on pulse basis for on-line partial discharge measurement of turbine generators, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 585-594, 1996. [4] Seki, T., Kakuta, M., Minou, T., Aoki, M., Calibration of partial discharge magnitude for in-service hydro-power generator, the Trans. on power & energy society IEE of Japan, vol. 120-B, No. 3, pp. 471-477,2000 [5] Kanegami, M., Katou, Y., Sado, K., Yajima, E., Sakata, J., Abe, T., On live line dielectric diagnosis
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