Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Answer:B
17)Formspartoftheproteinsynthesisciteinthe cytoplasm. Answer: 18)Actas"interpreter"moleculesthatrecognizespecific aminoacidsandnucleotidebasesequences. Answer: 19)AttachesthecorrectaminoacidtoitstransferRNA. Answer: 20)Providestheenergyneededforsynthesisreactions. Answer: 21)Foundinthecytoplasm,thisstructurespecifiesthe exactsequenceofaminoacidsoftheproteintobemade. Answer: 22)MaybeattachedtotheERorscatteredinthe cytoplasm. Answer:
17)Formspartoftheproteinsynthesiscitein thecytoplasm. Answer:D 18)Actas"interpreter"moleculesthat recognizespecificaminoacidsandnucleotide basesequences. Answer:C 19)Attachesthecorrectaminoacidtoits transferRNA. Answer:A 20)Providestheenergyneededforsynthesis reactions. Answer:E 21)Foundinthecytoplasm,thisstructure specifiestheexactsequenceofaminoacidsof theproteintobemade. Answer:B 22)MaybeattachedtotheERorscatteredin thecytoplasm. Answer:D
23)Chromosomesdecoiltoformchromatin. Answer:
25)Nuclearmembraneandnucleolusdisintegrate. Answer:
26)Chromosomesalignonthespindleequator. Answer:
27)Centriolesmovetooppositeendsofthecell. Answer:
23)Chromosomesdecoiltoformchromatin. Answer:D
25)Nuclearmembraneandnucleolusdisintegrate. Answer:C
26)Chromosomesalignonthespindleequator. Answer:B
27)Centriolesmovetooppositeendsofthecell. Answer:A
29)Theactualsiteofproteinsynthesis. Answer:
32)HousesDNAandRNA. Answer:
29)Theactualsiteofproteinsynthesis. Answer:A
32)HousesDNAandRNA. Answer:D
True/FalseQuestions
1)Eachdaughtercellresultingfrommitoticcelldivisionhasexactlyasmany chromosomesastheparentcell. Answer: 2)Apoptosisisprogrammedcellsuicide,butcancercellsfailtoundergo apoptosis. Answer: 3)Thespindleisformedbythemigrationofthechromatin. Answer: 4)Finalpreparationforcelldivisionismadeduringthecelllifecyclesubphase calledG2. Answer: 5)ChromatinconsistsofDNAandRNA. Answer: 6)Inosmosis,movementofwateroccurstowardthesolution withthelowersoluteconcentration. Answer:
1)Eachdaughtercellresultingfrommitoticcelldivisionhasexactlyasmany chromosomesastheparentcell. Answer:TRUE 2)Apoptosisisprogrammedcellsuicide,butcancercellsfailtoundergo apoptosis. Answer:TRUE 3)Thespindleisformedbythemigrationofthechromatin. Answer:FALSE 4)Finalpreparationforcelldivisionismadeduringthecelllifecyclesubphase calledG2. Answer:TRUE 5)ChromatinconsistsofDNAandRNA. Answer:FALSE 6)Inosmosis,movementofwateroccurstowardthesolution withthelowersoluteconcentration. Answer:FALSE
7)ThegeneticinformationiscodedinDNAbytheregularalternationofsugar andphosphatemolecules. Answer: 8)Aprocessbywhichlargeparticlesmaybetakenintothecellforprotectionof thebodyorfordisposingofoldordeadcellsiscalledphagocytosis. Answer: 9)Theorderlysequenceofthephasesofmitosisisprophase,metaphase, anaphase,andtelophase. Answer: 10)Diffusionisalwaysfromareasofgreatertoareasoflesserconcentration. Answer: 11)Facilitateddiffusionalwaysrequiresacarrierprotein. Answer: 12)Pressurecausedbygravityisnecessaryforanyfiltrationpressuretooccurin thebody. Answer:
7)ThegeneticinformationiscodedinDNAbytheregularalternationofsugar andphosphatemolecules. Answer:FALSE 8)Aprocessbywhichlargeparticlesmaybetakenintothecellforprotection ofthebodyorfordisposingofoldordeadcellsiscalledphagocytosis. Answer:TRUE 9)Theorderlysequenceofthephasesofmitosisisprophase,metaphase, anaphase,andtelophase. Answer:TRUE 10)Diffusionisalwaysfromareasofgreatertoareasoflesserconcentration. Answer:TRUE 11)Facilitateddiffusionalwaysrequiresacarrierprotein. Answer:FALSE 12)Pressurecausedbygravityisnecessaryforanyfiltrationpressureto occurinthebody. Answer:FALSE
13)DNAtranscriptionisanotherwordforDNAreplication. Answer: 14)Theglycocalyxisoftenreferredtoasthe"cellcoat,"whichissomewhatfuzzy andstickywithnumerouscholesterolchainsstickingoutfromthesurfaceofthe cellmembrane. Answer: 15)Intheirrestingstate,allbodycellsexhibitarestingmembranepotential rangingfrom50toabout+50millivolts. Answer: 16)Microfilamentsarethinstrandsofthecontractileproteinmyosin. Answer: 17)Interstitialfluidrepresentsonetypeofextracellularmaterial. Answer:
13)DNAtranscriptionisanotherwordforDNAreplication. Answer:FALSE 14)Theglycocalyxisoftenreferredtoasthe"cellcoat,"whichissomewhatfuzzy andstickywithnumerouscholesterolchainsstickingoutfromthesurfaceofthe cellmembrane. Answer:FALSE 15)Intheirrestingstate,allbodycellsexhibitarestingmembranepotential rangingfrom50toabout+50millivolts. Answer:FALSE 16)Microfilamentsarethinstrandsofthecontractileproteinmyosin. Answer:FALSE 17)Interstitialfluidrepresentsonetypeofextracellularmaterial. Answer:TRUE
18)Hyperplasiagenerallymeansthatanorganwillincreaseinsizeduetothe excessiveformationofextracellularfluids. Answer: 19)AchemicalthatinhibitsDNAsynthesishasyettobefoundinagingcells. Answer: 20)Thecell(plasma)membranenormallycontainssubstantialamountsof cholesterol. Answer: 21)Aquaporinsarebelievedtobepresentinredbloodcells,kidneytubules, andveryfewothercellsinthebody. Answer: 22)Mostorganellesareboundedbyamembranethatisquitedifferentin structurefromthelipidbilayeroftheplasmamembrane. Answer:
MajorSitesofExpression Aquaporin0
Comments Eye:lensfibercells Redbloodcells Kidney:proximaltubule Fluidbalancewithinthelens Osmoticprotection Concentrationofurine Productionofaqueoushumor Productionofcerebrospinalfluid Alveolarhydrationstate Mediatesantidiuretichormoneactivity Reabsorbtionofwaterintoblood Secretionofwaterintotrachea Reabsorbtionofwater CSFfluidbalance Osmosensingfunction? Bronchialfluidsecretion Productionofsaliva Productionoftears Verylowwaterpermeabilityfunction? Transportsglyceroloutofadipocytes
Aquaporin1
Aquaporin2 Aquaporin3*
Kidney:collectingducts Kidney:collectingducts Trachea:epithelialcells Kidney:collectingducts Brain:ependymalcells Brain:hypothalamus Lung:bronchialepithelium Salivaryglands Lacrimalglands Kidney Fatcells
Aquaporin4
Aquaporin8 Aquaporin9*
23)Onlyonecelltypeinthehumanbodyhasaflagellum.
Answer: 24)Microtubulesarehollowtubesmadeofsubunitsoftheproteintubulin.
Answer: 25)Telomeresaretheregionsofchromosomesthatcodefortheproteinubiquitin.
Answer:
23)Onlyonecelltypeinthehumanbodyhasaflagellum.
Answer:TRUE 24)Microtubulesarehollowtubesmadeofsubunitsoftheproteintubulin.
Answer:TRUE 25)Telomeresaretheregionsofchromosomesthatcodefortheproteinubiquitin.
Answer:FALSE
MultipleChoiceQuestions
1)Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingthegenerationofamembrane potential? A)Bothpotassiumandsodiumionscan"leak"throughthecellmembranedueto diffusion. B)Inthepolarizedstate,sodiumandpotassiumionconcentrationsareinstatic equilibrium. C)Themaintenanceofthepotentialisbasedexclusivelyondiffusionprocesses. D)Whenthesodiumpotassiumpumpisactivated,potassiumispumpedintothe celltwiceasfastasthesodiumispumpedout,thuscausingthemembrane potential.
1)Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingthegenerationofamembrane potential? A)Bothpotassiumandsodiumionscan"leak"throughthecellmembranedueto diffusion. B)Inthepolarizedstate,sodiumandpotassiumionconcentrationsareinstatic equilibrium. C)Themaintenanceofthepotentialisbasedexclusivelyondiffusionprocesses. D)Whenthesodiumpotassiumpumpisactivated,potassiumispumpedintothe celltwiceasfastasthesodiumispumpedout,thuscausingthemembrane potential. Answer:A
Answer:A
4)TheRNAresponsibleforbringingtheaminoacidstothe"factory"sitefor proteinformationisthe________. A)rRNA B)mRNA C)tRNA D)ssRNA Answer:C 5)Aredbloodcellplacedinpurewaterwould________. A)shrink B)swellinitially,thenshrinkasequilibriumisreached C)neithershrinknorswell D)swellandburst
Answer:D
Answer:B
Answer:B
Answer:B
12)Whichofthefollowingisnotasubcellularstructure? A)intercellularmaterial B)membranes C)cytoplasm D)organelles Answer:A 13)Oncesolidmaterialisphagocytizedandtakenintoavacuole,whichofthe followingstatementsbestdescribeswhathappens? A)Aribosomeentersthevacuoleandusestheaminoacidsinthe"invader"to formnewprotein. B)Alysosomecombineswiththevacuoleanddigeststheenclosedsolid material. C)Thevacuoleremainsseparatedfromthecytoplasmandthesolidmaterial persistsunchanged. D)Oxygenentersthevacuoleand"burns"theenclosedsolidmaterial. Answer:B
14)RiboswitchesarefoldedRNAsthatactasswitchestoturnproteinsynthesis onoroffinresponseto_________.
14)RiboswitchesarefoldedRNAsthatactasswitchestoturnproteinsynthesis onoroffinresponseto_________.
A)changesintheenvironment B)specifictRNAs C)specificcodesfromtheDNA D)presenceorabsenceofubiquitins Answer:A 15)Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofaplasmamembraneprotein? A)circulatingantibody B)moleculartransportthroughthemembrane C)formsalipidbilayer D)oxygentransport Answer:B
21)Hyperplasiameans__________.
Answer:A 21)Hyperplasiameans__________.
22)IfthenucleotideorbasesequenceoftheDNAstrandusedasa templateformessengerRNAsynthesisisACGTT,thenthesequenceof basesinthecorrespondingmRNAwouldbe________. A)TGCAA B)ACGTT C)UGCAA D)GUACC Answer:C 23)Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingcellsinhumans? A)Organellesareindependentlifeforms. B)Maximumcelldiameterislimitedto2micrometers. C)Cellscanbeaslongas1meter. D)Mostcellsofanadulthaveaveryshortlifespan.
Answer:C
24)Phospholipids________. A)areexclusivelyhydrophilicmolecules B)containpolartailsandnonpolarheadgroups C)arebothhydrophilicandhydrophobicinnature D)formthelipidbilayer,withtailsdirectedtotheoutside 25)Passivemembranetransportprocessesinclude________. A)movementofasubstancedownitsconcentrationgradient B)movementofwaterfromanareaoflowconcentrationtoanareaofhigh concentration C)consumptionofATP D)theuseoftransportproteinswhenmovingsubstancesfromareasoflowto highconcentration 26)Enzymescalled_________destroythecell'sDNAandcytoskeleton, producingaquickdeathtothecell. A)ubiquitins B)cyclins C)capsases D)DNApolymeraseIII
24)Phospholipids________. A)areexclusivelyhydrophilicmolecules B)containpolartailsandnonpolarheadgroups C)arebothhydrophilicandhydrophobicinnature D)formthelipidbilayer,withtailsdirectedtotheoutside Answer:C 25)Passivemembranetransportprocessesinclude________. A)movementofasubstancedownitsconcentrationgradient B)movementofwaterfromanareaoflowconcentrationtoanareaofhigh concentration C)consumptionofATP D)theuseoftransportproteinswhenmovingsubstancesfromareasoflowto highconcentration Answer:A 26)Enzymescalled_________destroythecell'sDNAandcytoskeleton, producingaquickdeathtothecell. A)ubiquitins B)cyclins C)capsases D)DNApolymeraseIII Answer:C
27)Mitochondria________. A)arealwaysthesameshape B)aresinglemembranestructuresinvolvedinthebreakdownofATP C)containsomeofthecodenecessaryfortheirownduplication D)synthesizeproteinsforuseoutsidethecell Answer:C 28)Ribosomes,endoplasmicreticulum,andtheGolgiapparatusfunctionallyact insequencetosynthesizeandmodifyproteinsforsecretoryuse(export)only, neverforusebythecell.Thisstatementis________. A)falseproteinsthusmanufacturedareforuseinsidethecellonly B)falseintegralcellmembraneproteinsarealsosynthesizedthisway C)falselipids,notproteins,aresynthesizedthisway D)true Answer:B
31)Whichstatementisthemostcorrectregardingtranscription/translation? A)ThenucleotidesequenceinamRNAcodonisanexactcopyoftheDNAtriplet thatcodedforit. B)ThenucleotidesequenceinamRNAcodonisanexactcopyoftheDNAtriplet thatcodedforitexceptthaturacilissubstitutedforthymine. C)ThenucleotidesequenceinatRNAanticodonisanexactcopyoftheDNA tripletthatcodedforit. D)ThenucleotidesequenceinatRNAanticodonisanexactcopyoftheDNA tripletthatcodedforitexceptthaturacilissubstitutedforthymine. Answer:D 32)Inthemaintenanceofthecellrestingmembranepotential________. A)extracellularsodiumlevelsarehigh B)cellsaremorepermeabletoNa+thanK+ C)thesteadystateinvolvesonlypassiveprocesses D)theinsideofthecellispositiverelativetoitsoutside
Answer:A
34)Cellsarecomposedmainlyof________.
Answer:B 34)Cellsarecomposedmainlyof________.
Answer:A
36)Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostcorrectregardingtheintracellular chemicalsignalsknownas"secondmessengers"?
38)Lysosomes________.
Answer:D
38)Lysosomes________.
Answer:B
39)Theendomembranesystemis________.
40)Thefunctionsofcentriolesinclude________.
39)Theendomembranesystemis________.
Answer:B 40)Thefunctionsofcentriolesinclude________.
Answer:A
41)Agenecanbestbedefinedas________.
41)Agenecanbestbedefinedas________.
Answer:C
42)Extracellularmatrixis________.
42)Extracellularmatrixis________.
Answer:C
45)IfatRNAhadanAGCanticodon,itcouldattachtoa(n)________ mRNAcodon.
45)IfatRNAhadanAGCanticodon,itcouldattachtoa(n)________ mRNAcodon.
Answer:B
FillintheBlank/ShortAnswer Questions
1)TheRNAthathasananticodonandattachestoaspecificaminoacidis ________RNA. Answer: 2)Watermaymovethroughmembraneporesconstructedby transmembraneproteinscalled________. Answer: 3)________isthedivisionofthecytoplasm. Answer: 4)Themetabolicorgrowthphaseofacelllifecycleiscalled________. Answer:
1)TheRNAthathasananticodonandattachestoaspecificaminoacidis ________RNA. Answer:transfer 2)Watermaymovethroughmembraneporesconstructedby transmembraneproteinscalled________. Answer: aquaporins 3)________isthedivisionofthecytoplasm. Answer: Cytokinesis
6)________arehollowtubesmadeofsphericalproteinsubunitscalled tubulins. Answer: 7)Aerobiccellularrespirationoccursinthe________. Answer: 8)TwoveryimportantsecondmessengersusedintheGproteinlinkedreceptor mechanismarecyclicAMPand________. Answer: 9)Themostcommonextracellularionis________. Answer: 10)Theprocessofdischargingparticlesfrominsideacelltotheoutsideis called________. Answer: 11)Aredbloodcellwouldswellifitssurroundingsolutionwere________. Answer:
6)________arehollowtubesmadeofsphericalproteinsubunitscalled tubulins. Answer:Microtubules 7)Aerobiccellularrespirationoccursinthe________. Answer:mitochondria 8)TwoveryimportantsecondmessengersusedintheGproteinlinkedreceptor mechanismarecyclicAMPand________. Answer:ioniccalcium 9)Themostcommonextracellularionis________. Answer:sodium 10)Theprocessofdischargingparticlesfrominsideacelltotheoutsideis called________. Answer: exocytosis 11)Aredbloodcellwouldswellifitssurroundingsolutionwere________. Answer:hypotonic
16)Whatforcesmaintainasteadystate"resting"membranepotential? Answer:
12)A________isachannelbetweencells. Answer: connexon 13)DescribetwoimportantfunctionsoftheGolgiapparatus. Answer:Tomodify,sort,andpackageproteins. 14)Whycanwesaythatacellwithoutanucleuswillultimatelydie? Answer:Withoutanucleus,acellcannotmakeproteins,norcanitreplaceany enzymesorothercellstructures(whicharecontinuouslyrecycled). Additionally,suchacellcouldnotreplicate. 15)AreBrownianmotion,diffusion,andosmosisseenonlyinlivingtissue? Answer:No.Sincetheyarepassiveprocessesthatdonotrequireenergy, theycanoccurintheabsenceofanycellularprocesses.
17)Brieflydescribetheglycocalyxanditsfunctions. Answer:Theglycocalyxisthesticky,carbohydraterichareaonthecell surface.Ithelpsbindcellstogetherandprovidesahighlyspecific biologicalmarkerbywhichcellscanrecognizeeachother. 18)Explainthetermgeneticcode.Whatdoesitcodefor?Whatarethelettersof thecode? Answer:Thegeneticcodeistheinformationencodedinthenucleotide basesequenceofDNA.Asequenceofthreebases,calledatriplet, specifiesaminoacidinaprotein.Thelettersofthecodearethefour nucleotidebasesofDNAdesignatedasA,T,C,andG. 19)Whyarefreeradicalssodangeroustocells,andhowaretheydealtwithby thebody? Answer:Freeradicalsarehighlyreactivechemicalsthatcausehavocin anycellularenvironmentbyreactingwiththingstheyshouldnot.Cellswith peroxisomeshaveenzymesspecifictoreducingfreeradicalsintoless reactivechemicals
22)WhichorganelleshavetheirownDNA? Answer:
22)WhichorganelleshavetheirownDNA? Answer:Mitochondria,nucleus,andcentrioles
24)Howareperoxisomesdifferentfromlysosomes? Answer:
25)Brieflynamethesubphasesofinterphaseandtellwhattheydo. Answer:
23)Howaretheproductsoffreeribosomesdifferentfrommembranebound ribosomes? Answer:Freeribosomesmakesolubleproteinsthatfunctioninthe cytosol.Membraneboundribosomesproduceproteinsthataretobe usedonthecellmembraneorexportedfromthecell. 24)Howareperoxisomesdifferentfromlysosomes? Answer:Someoftheperoxisomesareoxidaseswhichuseoxygento detoxifyharmfulsubstances.Theyareverygoodatneutralizingfree radicals. Peroxisomesdividebysimplybudding. Lysosomeshave powerfulhydrolyticenzymesthatwillprettymuchdestroyanything theycomeincontactwith.TheyaremanufacturedbytheGolgi apparatus. 25)Brieflynamethesubphasesofinterphaseandtellwhattheydo. Answer:G1growthphase.Thecellismetabolicallyactiveandthe centriolebeginstodivideattheendofthisphase. SDNAreplicatesitself.Newhistonesaremadeandassembledinto chromatin. G2Enzymesandproteinsaresynthesizedandcentriolereplicationis completed.Thisisthefinalphaseofinterphase