173

173

? ???

173

W
K

KL

K? ??
K

K
K

173

EFW

WW
KL .1

K .2
K .3

100W

KW

Data Show .1
.2

E111F

-1-

173

1.1

K (I.S.O.)

2.1

DRAWING SHEETS J

A (DIN6771)

KA4 A3 A2 A1A0

A5 (1.1)

. A6

1:1000_1:500_1:200_1:100_1:50_1:20_1:10_1:5_1:2.5

K10:1_5:1_2:1

-2-

173

(mm)
1189x841
841x594
594x420
420x297
297x210

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4

1
2
3
4
5

(1.1)

TRIANGLES J
6045

300mm200mm

(2.1)K

(2.1)

COMPASS J

K(3.1)

(DESCRIPTIVE GEOMERY)

(FREE FORM SURCACES)

-3-

173

(3.1)

TEMPLATESEF J
K

K(4.1) K(CIRCLETEMPLATE)

(4.1)

-4-

173

PENCILS J

(PENCILS)
W

(WOODPENCILS)

5.1
(SHARPENING)

(MECHANICAL PENCILS)

EF
K

6.1

(6.1)

(5.1)

(H_Hardness)

H9

(B)

KB7K

-5-

173

RUBBER/ERASERS J

K(7.1)K

(7.1)

PROTRACTOR J

K
K(8.1)

(8.1)
-6-

173

DRAWING BOARD AND T-SQUARE(T) J

TK

L
A3

T (9.1)KA4
K

(9.1)

BILL of MATERIAL J
DIN

LW .6771

K(PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE)

10.1
KDIN 6771

-7-

173

(10.1)
LINES TYPES3.1

K(WIREFRAME MODELING)

K(11.1)
K K

-8-

173

DIMENSIONING4.1
K

(ISO 1101)(ANSIY14.5M_94) ( ASME Y14.5.1) I.S.O

(ASME Y14.41-2003)
K

(11.1)
-9-

173

(Orthogonal W
Projectional Views)

WW
K .1

K .2
K .3

100W

12W

Data Show .1
.2

E111F

- 10 -

173

1.2
(DIN5)

30

(2.2)K
(1.2)
K

(2.2)

(1.2)

- 11 -

173

2.2

K(4.2)(3.2) K

W (4.2)

(3.2)

(4.2)

- 12 -

173

W

K

K
3.2

K
K

K(5.2)

(5.2)

SECTIONING4.2

K
K

W(6.2)

- 13 -

173

. J

J
.

. J

.90 J
. J

. J
. J

J
.

( )

()

- 14 -

173

()

()

()

- 15 -

173

()

()

(6.2)
1.4.2

(7.2) K
K

K
- 16 -

173

(7.2)

K (8.2)

(8.2)
K9.2
W

545
.(10.2)560530545
- 17 -

173

(10.2)

(9.2)

- 18 -

173

KK1
10.2

(10.2)

- 19 -

173

K.2
11.2

(11.2)
- 20 -

173

F.3
(12.2)

- 21 -

173

(12.2)
- 22 -

173

(13.2) .4

- 23 -

173

(13.2)

A-A .5

.(14.2)

- 24 -

173

- 25 -

173

(14.2)

- 26 -

173

K1:2.6

K1:2.7

- 27 -

173

W
.

WW

.1

K .2
.3
.4

100W

W

W

Data Show .1
.2

E111F

- 27 -

173

FASTENERS

1.3

BOLTED JOINTS K

.((1.3))

.M20x2.5

.(2.5) (M20)

(1.3)

- 28 -

173

.(2.3)
9
(2d)
K

(0.7 x d)
(r = 1.5 x d)

K(r = 1.25 x d)

(2.3)

- 29 -

173

(NUTS)

KK
W

(3.3)

(0.8 d )

K(r = s )
K (3.3)
.(3.3)

:(3.3)
- 30 -

173

K(4.3)

:(4.3)

THREADED FASTENEREF K

E

(WASHERS) K

K
K

:
:(THREAD)
K

: (MAJOR DIAMETER)
K

- 31 -

173

:(MINOR DIAMETER)
K

K :(PITCH)

:(PITCH DIMETER)
K

:(CREST)
K

:(ROOT)
K

K :(DEPTH)

. :(LEAD)

:(RIGHT-HAND THREAD)
K(LEFT-HAND THREAD)

:(SINGLE THREAD)

K(5.3)

(5.3)

:(MULTIPLE THREAD)
K
- 32 -

173

K (6.3)

(6.3)

W(ISO METRIC THREAD) o

.(7.3)

(7.3)

- 33 -

173

(UNIFIED THREAD)

K(8.3)

(8.3)
(SQUARE THREAD) o

(9.3).

(9.3)
(TRAPEZOIDAL THREAD) o

.(10.3).

- 34 -

173

(10.3)
(BUTTRESS THREAD)

.(11.3)

(11.3)
SPRINGS2.3
(ELASTIC ENERGY)

_
K

- 35 -

173

.(12. 3FK
.

:(12.3)

K
SPRINGS COMPRESSION K

SPRING EXTENSION K

KK
K(13. 3)

- 36 -

173

:(13.3)

SPRINGS1.2.3

K

K

K(14.3)

- 37 -

173

:(14.3)

- 38 -

173

K( 15.3).E1.2.3 F

:(15.3)
- 39 -

173

BEARINGS3.3

E
FK

(16.3) K

K
K

:(16.3)
BEARINGS CLASSES1.3.3

W(17.3)K

EF
- 40 -

173

(17.3)

(18.3)

EF EF

K(19.3)EFEFEF

(19.3)

- 41 -

173

(18.3)

W
E20.3F (1

E21.3F (2

E22.3F
(3

(20.3)
- 42 -

173

(21.3)

(22.3)

WK

:(23.3)
- 43 -

173

:(24.3)

:(25.3)
GEARS

4.3

EF

K(SLIPPING)
W
K
- 44 -

173

K
K
NOMENCLTURE1.4.3
K

SPUR GEARS J

KL

(GEAR) (PINION)
.26.3
W

:(26.3)
- 45 -

173

HELICAL GEARS

K27.3(INVOLUTE HELICOID)

K L

:(27.3)
INVOLUTE PINION AND RACK

K90
K

K
- 46 -

173

.(WORM GEARING)

28.3 .
K

:(28.3)
BEVEL GEARS J

(GENERATED)
(CAST)(MILLED)

KE FK

K29.3
- 47 -

173

W(29.3)
2.4.3

K(30.3)

(30.3)

W(PITCH CIRCLE_r)
K

W(CIRCULAR PITCH_p)

(TOOL THICKNESS_t)K
(WIDTH OF SPACE)

- 48 -

173

K(Z) (d)W(MODULE_m)
K

W(ADDENDUM_a)
K W(DEDUNDUM_b)
K (ht)

W(DEDUNDUM IRCLE)
K

W (ADDENDUM CIRCLE)
K

KW(CLEARANCE CIRCLE)
W(CLEARANCE_c)
W(BASE CIRCLE_rb)
LW(PRESSURE LINE_)

K(20=)
:
m=

d
Z

1
r
Z
= 2 = 2
2
r1
Z1

t=

.d
p=
= .m
Z

rb = r.cos
c = ba

p
2

(1.3)W

- 49 -

173

(=20, =25)

K2.3

a=m

b=1.25m

2.25m

EFht

m/2

0.25m

EF

Npinion=18
=20

for

Npinion=12
=25

for

Npinion + Ngear = 36

(Npinion)

for =20

Npinion + Ngear = 24
for =25

(=20, =25) : (2.3)

32.331.3K

K
- 50 -

173

COMPUTER AIDED
ENGINEERING

: (31.3)

: (32.3)

- 51 -

173

W
OA0, OA1 .1
OA2, etc
A1B1, A2B2 , A3B3etc. A1 .2

A2B2 A1A0 A1B1 A1A0 .3

KKKA3B3A1A0

B4 B1 .4
W
K(1800rev.mn-1/1200rev.mn-1)

1 r2
150100
= r = 1.5 .1
2
1

K(m=12mm)(Z=30) (Z=18) .2
K 3:2

d1 = mZ1 = 12(18) = 216mm

d 2 = mZ 2 = 12(30) = 360mm
((d1+d2)/2)=288 .3
KO2O1 d2 d1 .4
(PICH POINT)

.5
K (DRIVER)
.=20cd
P

O2 O1 .6
K .7
- 52 -

173

K
.1

M20x3 .2

- 53 -

173

KK 3

W.4

P =2.6 mm D=7.5mm Lo=12.5mm

d =1mm
W

- 54 -

173

.5
1:1

K .6

5mm3mm

- 55 -

173

EF EF .7
(1=1150 rev/mn)(m=3.5mm) (Z1=21)

(2 =690 rev/mn)

.8

EF .9

.10
m=5mm=20 Z= 24
- 56 -

173

W
K

WW

EF .1

.2
.3
.4
.5

100W

KW

Data Show .1
.2

E111F

- 57 -

173

1.4

(SHAPE K

(GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING) GEOMETRY)

(G.D&T:GEOMETRIC
DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCING)
2.4
1.2.4
W
EXTENSION LINESEF

(1/3)1.4K

(2H)

(12mm)

K(2mm)

:(1.4)

- 58 -

173

DIMENSION LINE

K EF

.(2H)

.2.4

(2.4)

LEADER

K(3.4 )

(3.4)

- 59 -

173

ARROWHEADS
K.

4.4 K

(4.4)

2.2.4

KL

K5.4

(5.4)

- 60 -

173

W
(6.4)

(6.4)
K
(7.4)

(7.4)

- 61 -

173

E8.4F

(8.4)

K(9.4)

(9.4)
K

(10.4)DIMENSIONING OF PRISMS

- 62 -

173

(10.4)

(11.4)SYMMETRICAL OBJECT

(11.4)

(12.4) LOCATION DIMENSIONING

K

- 63 -

173

(12.4)

K13.4

(13.4)

(Holes EQ.SP.5)

14.4

- 64 -

173

(14.4)
ANGLE DIMENSIONING

.EF

(DEGREE, RADIAN, GRAD)

15.4

(15.4)

L _LF
.16.4KE_

- 65 -

173

()

()

- 66 -

173

()

)( L ()L ( ):(16.4)
SECTION DIMENSIONING

K
K17.4

(17.4)

- 67 -

173

OTHERS FEATURES
:(CHAMFER) 9
)
.(18.4

(18.4)

(19.4) :(NECK) 9

(19.4)

:(TAPER) 9
. 20.4

()

- 68 -

173

()

EF EF :(20.4)

- 69 -

173

.1
KEF

- 70 -

173

.2

EF

.3

KEF

- 71 -

173

.4

- 72 -

173

- 73 -

173

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES3.4

.(REPRODUCIBILITY)
W

DIMENSIONAL AND GEOMETRIC ()

TOLERANCES/DEVIATIONS)
(SURFACE ROUGHNESS)

(MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES)

()

(TOLERANCE RANGE)
K

W (21.4)
UNILATERAL

BILATERAL
K

LIMIT FORM
K
- 74 -

173

:(21.4)
1.3.4

E22.4 F
WBASIC SIZE[1]

K :DEVIATION[ 2]

:UPPER DEVIATION [ 3]

:LOWER DEVIATION [ 4]

- 75 -

173

:FUNDAMENTAL DEVIATION [5]

K
K (TOLERACE ZONE)

WTOLERANCE [6]

:INTERNATIONAL TOLERANCE GRADE (I.T.) [7]

L_

(FIT) :HOLE BASIS SYSTEM [8]

(FIT) :SHAFT BASIS SYSTEM [9]

F :NOMONAL SIZE[ 10]

E25

K:ACTUAL SIZE[ 11]

WZERO LINE [ 12]

WALLOWANCE[ 13]

IT16IT0K(I.Tnumbers)
1.4IT11 IT6

W(FUNDAMENTAL DEVIATONS)

( 5)K

(TOLERANCE L 22.4

.22.4(1)LZONE)

- 76 -

173

:(22.4)

- 77 -

173

: (1.4)
- 78 -

173

K(23.4

W
A_B_C_CD_D_E_EF_F_G_H_JS_J_K_M_N_P_R_S
T_U_V_X_Y_Z_ZA_ZB_ZC

W
a_b_c_cd_d_e_ef_f_g_h_js_j_k_m_n_p_r_s
t_u_v_x_y_z_za_zb_zc

(A)

Kzca.(ZC)

MATING PARTS and FITS2.3.4

EF (FIT)

.(SHAFT AND BEARING) (SHAFT AND PULLY)

KE
F

(2) CLEARANCE_ (1) W

.TRANSITION_ (3) NTERFERENCE_

K
- 79 -

173

holes

shafts

W23.4

- 80 -

173

:(24.4)
W(CLEARANCE FIT)

K(BEARINGS)

24.4.

W(INTERFERENCE FIT)

K
K

24.4

W(TRANSITION FIT)

- 81 -

173

EF

24.4.K
BASIC HOLE/SHAFT SYSTEMS3.3.4

BASIC HOLE ) (1W25.4

(2 (SYSTEM

(BASIC SHAFT SYSTEM)

K

(DRILL)
K K

(BASIC SHAFT SYSTEM)

(REAMERS) (DRILLS)
K
KEF

:(25.4)
- 82 -

173

FIT SELECTION4KK43
EF

KK

K KK
2.4

H11/c11

(Loose Running Fit)

H9/d9

Fit)

(Clause Running Fit)

H8/f7

(Sliding Fit) L
L
ELocational TransitionF

H7/n6

ELocational TransitionF

H7/s6
H7/u6

H7/h6
H7/k6

H7/p6

(Free Running

(Locational

Interference)
ELF (Medium Drive)

(Force Fit)

: (2.4)
- 83 -

173

30H11c11 9

30H7k6 9

30H7p6 9
(Hole/Shaft Dimensions)L

(Large Hole/Small Shaft)L

(Small Hole/Large Shaft)L

(Min./Max. Clearance/Interference)L

- 84 -

173

- 85 -

173

- 86 -

 173

- 87 -

173

GEOMETRIC TOLERANCESL4.4
(LOCATION) (PROFILE)

( I.T.)

. 3.4

W
G:GEOMETRIC D:DIMENSIONING &T :TOLERANCING

FORM DEVIATION

WSTRAIGHTNESS

- 88 -

173

WFLATNESS

WCIRCULARITY

WCYLINDRICITY

- 89 -

173

PROFILE DEVIATION

KWPROFILE

ORIENTATION

EF W PARALLELISM

- 90 -

173

W PERPENDICULARITY

W ANGULARITY

LOCATION

W POSITION

- 91 -

173

WCONCENTRICITY, COAXIALITY L

- 92 -

173

SYMMETRY

W SYMMETRYL
K L

RUNOUT
WRunout/Total RunoutHL

HL
K

SURFACE ROUGHNESS5.4

.(26.4 )

EKKK__F

KKKK

- 93 -

173

:(26.4)

(ROUGHNESS) ??

(PEAKS) (Ra)

(27.4 ) (VALLEYS)

K(MEAN LINE)

:(27.4)

BEARINGS

- 94 -

173

3.4

(12) (1) (N )

WK

EF

: (3.4)

- 95 -

173

:(28.4)

: (4.4)

(5mm)

28.4K

K
.29.4
- 96 -

173

1.5.4

.4.4

E30.4F K
K31.4

K1

:(29.4)
K2

:(30.4)
- 97 -

173

(31.4)

NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS6.4

6.4

(WELDING) 3.4

W(RIVETING)

(WELDING)
K
K(FILLER)

WL
WELDING) (PRESSURE WELDINGF
(SPOT

- 98 -

173

(NO PRESSURE WELDING)

WELDINGF (ARC WELDING) (GAS WELDING)

K(FLASH WELDING)(RESISTANCE

(WEIDING JOINTS)
W
(BUTT JOINTS) J

(CORNER JOINTS) J

(TEE JOINTS) T J

(EDGE JOINTS) J
(LAP JOINTS) J

(32.4)

33.4
K

(33.4)
- 99 -

173

(WELDING SYMBOL)
(34.4)

(34.4)

.(RIVETS)

WE35.4F

(ROUND HEAD) K

(COUNTER SINK) K

(TOP CSK ROUND) K

(CROWNED) K
(FLAT) K

(35.4)
- 100 -

173

.36.4.

W36.4

MANUFACTURING FEATURES7.4

(GROOVE) L :RECESS OR NECK

(NECK)

K :(CHAMFER)
K
K

- 101 -

173

W(THREADS)

(M)
.(mm)K

:M202.5 W

F M202.5 37.4 K(2.5mm)(20mm)

KE

W37.4

- 102 -

173

38.4(M202.5-6H7g)

W38.4
(BLIND)W(MACHINED HOLES)

K(THROUGH)

K
K

:(COUNTERBORED HOLE) J
K

- 103 -

173

:(COUNTERSUNK HOLE ) J
K

W(SPOTFACED HOLE) J

- 104 -

173

K .1

- 105 -

173

.2

- 106 -

173

.3

- 107 -

173

.4

.5

- 108 -

173

.3:1 EF .6

- 109 -

173

W
.K

WW
L .1

.2

.3

.4

100W

Data Show .1
.2

E111F

- 110 -

173

1.5
(EXECUTIVE DRAWING)

2.5
K
L

K
K

- 111 -

173

K
K

K1.5

W1.5

E2.5F
K

- 112 -

173

2.5

3.5

3.5

- 113 -

173

K4.5

W4.5

1.2.5
WEF
L E F .1

K .2

- 114 -

173

K .3
K .4

5.5

KK

5.5
2.2.5
(FUNCTIONAL

K REQUIREMENTS)
K

- 115 -

173

K(NON AMBIGUITY)

KEF

(BILL of MATERIAL)
6.5

10

DIN

W W

B.O.M_BILL of MATERIALW6.5
- 116 -

173

E7.5F6.5

BILL of MATERIALW7.5

3.2.5
V_TAIL SLIDE8.5W J
KEF1

KF

K E

K
- 117 -

173

8.5

2KV_TAIL SLIDE9.5

EF

- 118 -

173

9.5

10.5W J

10.5
- 119 -

173

10.5

KKK

37

20,12

37

845

43

40,35

43

25,25

37

30,35,85

37

20,85,105

DIN

KKK

WE11.5F
F
E

1,2,4,6

1,2,4,6

- 120 -

173

KB-BA-A

(6)
- 121 -

173

E1F

KE4F

- 122 -

173

E2F

W11.5
3.5
(FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS)

.(ASSEMBLY PROCESS

PLANNING)

(SUB-ASSEMBLIES)
K
- 123 -

173

_2.5_

.12.5

W12.5

13.5

K
- 124 -

173

W13.5

(EXPLODED ASSEMBLIES)

K14.5

W14.5
- 125 -

173

K J

K J
K J

J
K

J
K

(ASSEMBLY BILL J

15.5Kof MATERIAL)
K

W15.5

- 126 -

173

1.3.5

:E16.5F
K .1

.2
K

.3

K .4

K .5
K .6

W
J
K

K J

K J
K

K J

- 127 -

173

K 17.5

- 128 -

173

W16.5

8.8

St 60-2 K

8.8

St 50-2

USt 37-2

USt 37-2

DIN

KW17.5
- 129 -

173

2.3.5
LL

W18.5EF

K: 18.5
W .1

K
- 130 -

173

W .2
K

K
K

(H)K

.3
W

W .4

EF

W .5

- 131 -

173

EF
W

KE FW

KE FW

W
F
E

KEF

KW

18.5
K20mm 55mm

E4F E6F

E3F

E1F

K E5F

C 60 HE2FK
K

- 132 -

173

W .1

EF .2
KEF

W1 9
K J

K J

W2 9
K J

K J

- 133 -

173

934

M6x16

939

M8x35

St 37

125

A10.5

GG30

147

F1.95x47x30

GG30

147

F1.135x47x30

DIN

.3

- 134 -

173

K1:3 .4

.5

- 135 -

173

.6
KEF

K1 J

2 J

- 136 -

173

12

A5.3

125

11

B100

6337

10

B13

125

St

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

2x16x30
M6x20
M5x15
M12

2098
7
912
934

1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1

St 50 k
12.9
8
St 44-2
St 44-2
St 44-2
St 44-2
St 44-2

DIN

- 137 -

St

173

K1:2 .7


















WK .8
8 ,10

KEF1 , 2 , 4 , 12
.2

- 138 -

173

12

11

10

9
8

1013

1
2

7
6
5
4

1013

3
2

1013

DIN

- 139 -

GGG50
8.8

St 37

1
1
1
1

St50

1
1

8.8
St 60

GG-30

Z=39,
m=3

85x15

St 60 K

80x37

45x196

173

WEF .9
K J

4 J

K J

- 140 -

173

12

11

M 6x8

10

3.2x40x120

2098

6x15

1850

8
7
6

M10x18
M8

5
4
3
2
1

705

5.8

65 Si 7

G-CuSn
12
8.8
8
74 Ba
/250
CK 45 KV
G-AISi 12
G-AISi 12
G-AISi 12
G-AISi 12

8
1
1
5936

St

DIN

1
1
1
1
1

- 141 -

173

- 142 -

173

- 143 -

173

- 144 -

173

- 145 -

173

- 146 -

173

- 147 -

173

- 148 -

173

- 149 -

173

.1
1985EF??

? ?
.2
1985EF

?

.3

1985EF?

4. Mechanical Engineering Design (Seventh Edition), Joseph Shigley,

Charles Mischke and Richard Budynas, McGraw Hill Co., 2004
5. Mechanical Engineering Reference Manual (12 Edition), Michael R.
Linderburg, Professional Publicationd, Inc., 2006

6.
7.
8.
9.

http://drawsketch.about.com/od/technicaldrawing/
http://machinedesign.com/channel/basics-of-design-engineering
http://www.tec-ease.com/gdt-tips.htm
http://www.google.com/Top/Science/Technology/Mechanical_Engineering/
Design

10. http://www.efunda.com

173

.....................................................................................

2................................................................................ 1.1
2....................................................2.1
8............................................... LINES TYPES3.1
8........................................................ DIMENSIONS

4.1

11............................................................. 1.2
12.............................................................................. 2.2
13................................................................3.2
13.............................................................SECTIONING 4.2
16.............................. 1.4.2
19...................................................................................

27.......................................................FASTENERS 1.4
35.................................................................SPRINGS 2.3
37.........................................SPRINGS 1.2.3

40...............................................................BEARINGS 3.3

173

40................BEARINGS CLASSES 1.3.3
44...................................................................GEARS

4.4

45.......................NOMENCLTURE 1.4.3
48.....................................2.4.3
K53...................................................................................

59......................................................................... 1.4
59............................................................................. 2.4
59......................................................1.2.4
61.........................................................2.2.4
70....................................................................................

74..................... DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES 3.4
75................................................ 1.3.4

2.3.4

79...................................... MATING PARTS and FITS

3.3.4

82..............................BASIC HOLE/SHAFT SYSTEMS

83.........................FIT SELECTION

4.3.4

173

L 4.4
88................................................GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES
5.4
98.....................................................SURFACE ROUGHNESS
97 ................................................. 1.5.4
6.4
98........................................NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS
7.4
101.................................................MANUFACTURING FEATURES

105..................................................................................

111............................................. 1.5

111................................................................. 2.5
114................................................ 1.2.6
115................................................................ 2.2.5
117........................................ 3.2.5
123......................................................................

3.5

127....................................... 1.3.5
132 ............................................... 2.3.5
133........................................................................................

173

W
142.............................................................................
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