NIMS COLLEGE OF NURSING NEYYATTINKARA

SEMINAR ON LCD PROJECTOR AND OHP

SUBMITTED TO: MRS.MEERA ASST.PROFESSOR NIMS CON SUBMITTED ON: 21.11.11 SUBMITTED BY: MRS.ANUJA. R 1ST YEAR MSC NURSING NIMS CON

NIMSCOLLEGE OF NURSING, NEYYATTINKARA 1ST YEAR MSC NURSING MASTER PLAN ON LCD PROJECTOR AND OHP

SUBJECT: NURSING EDUCATION INCLUDING EDUCATION TOPIC : LCD PROJECTOR AND OHP UNIT : IV : 1ST YEAR MSC NURSING

LEVEL OF STUDENTS

DATE OF PRESENTATION: VENUE DURATION : LECTURE HALL 1 : 2 HOURS

GUIDED BY: MRS. MEERA ASST.PROFESSOR NIMS CON

PRESENTED BY: MRS. ANUJA. R 1ST YEAR MSC NURSING NIMS CON

SL. INDEX NO: I INTRODUCTION II OBJECTIVES III CONTENT A) LCD PROJECTOR -INTRODUCTION -CONCEPT OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCES -DEFINITION -HISTORY OF LCD PROJECTOR -APPLICATION OF LCD PROJECTOR -PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF LCD PROJECTOR -LCD PANELS
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-PROJECTION SURFACES -TYPES OF LCD PROJECTORS -OPERATION OF LCD PROJECTOR -USING THE CONTROL PANEL OPTIONS -USE OF LCD PROJECTOR IN THE CLASS -INSTRUCTIONS WHILETEACHING WITH LCD -TEACHING WITH LCD PROJECTOR B) OHP -INTRODUCTION -DEFINITION -STRUCTURE OF OHP -OHP TRANSPARENCIES -PROCESSES IN THE PREPARATION OF TRANSPARENCY -PREPARATION OF OHP TRANSPARENCY -EFFECTIVE USE OF TRANSPARENCY -ADVANTAGES -DISADVANTAGES -PRECAUTIONSWHILE USING OHP -USE OF OHP -BEFORE HAND -DURING THE LECTURE -INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING OHP -STYLE NOTES FOR TRANSPARENCIES -OTHER INSTRUCTIONS IV) JOURNAL ABSTRACT V) SUMMARY VI) CONCLUSION VII) BIBLIOGRAPHY
OBJECTIVES:

Central objective: On completion of the class, the students will gain knowledge regarding LCD projector and OHP, acquire the necessary skills and develops a positive attitude towards using these while lecturing. Specific objective:

By the end of the class, students will be able to: 1) Define LCD projector 2) Recall the concept of LCD devices 3) Realize the history of LCD projector 4) List the applications of LCD projector 5) Identify LCD v/s CRT 6) State the principles of working of LCD projector 7) Name the LCD panels. 8) Enlist the type of LCD projectors 9) Explain the operation of LCD projector 10) Describe the using of control panel options 11) Explain the shutting down of LCD projector 12) Discuss the warning lights 13) State the uses of LCD projector in the class 14) Enumerate the instructions while teaching with LCD 15) Explain the role of teacher while teaching with LCD projector OHP: 1) Define the OHP 2) Explain the structure of OHP 3) Identify the process by which transparencies can be made 4) State the steps in preparation of OHP transparencies 5) Describe the effective use of transparencies. 6) List the advantages of OHP

7) Enlist the disadvantages of OHP 8) Discuss the precautions while using OHP

INTRODUCTION Liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors are being increasingly used for meetings, training sessions, classroom education and visual entertainment. They have an appeal to all the sense organs and impact made is always greater than a simple speech & other AV-AIDS. CONCEPT OF LIQUID CRYSTAL DEVICES: LCD devices are built of a liquid material in flow properties but molecules can be aligned like a crystal by application of localized electric field between a translucent & transparent electrode which forms a pattern in the shape & size which is observed in polarized light. DEFINITION: An LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern analog of the slide projector and overhead projector. HISTORY OF L.C.D. PROJECTOR: i) Liquid crystalline nature of cholesterol-1988 by Friedrich Reinitzer ii) First operational L.C.D. IN 1964 by George H. Heilmer iii) The LCD projector was invented by New York inventor Gene Dolgoff in 1984 APPLICATION OF L.C.D. PROJECTOR -Computer monitors
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-Television -Instrument panels -Aircraft cockpit displays They are common in consumer devices such as -Video players -Gaming devices -Clocks -Watches -Calculators -Telephones L.C.D. V/S CRT LCDs have displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable, less expensive, more reliable, and easier on the eyes. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they cannot suffer image burn-in.

PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF L.C.D. PROJECT L.C.D. projectors send light from a lamp through a prism that separates light to 3 poly silicone panels 1 each for red, green, and blue components of signal. As polarized light passes through the panels, individual pixels open or close to allow or block light producing a wide range of colors and shades in the projected image. LCD PANELS A LCD panel connected to a computer & placed on an overhead projector will enable to project computer generated images onto a display screen for the whole class to read.

To be effective LCDs overhead projectors which contain a very powerful lamp than is available in the usual type of projectors usually need to be placed on. TYPES OF L.C.D. PROJECTORS i) Ultra-light Projectors ii) Conference Projectors iii) Fixed Projectors OPERATION OF L.C.D. PROJECTOR i) Setting up the system ii) Place the projector on a stable flat surface 3-40 feet away from the screen iii) Connect the computer cable to the Computer -Component Video port on the back of the projector and the video-out or monitor port of computer iv) Connect the end of the power cord to the power inlet on the back of the projector, and the other end to a grounded electrical outlet v) Remove the lens cap vi) Press the power button on top of the Projector which will flash for about 30 seconds before the image appears vii) Turn on computer. If a new hardware wizard tells it has found a plugand-play monitor, press cancel. If message is about USB audio, click Next and follow screen directions viii) At this point, the computer screen should be projected onto the overhead screen ix) Focus the image using the rings on the lens x) Raise the image by extending projectors foot on the bottom and front of the projector. The release button for the foot is on the lower right side of the lens. If the projected image is not level, use the back adjustable foot located on the back of projector.

Using the Control Panel Options The control panel options are located on top of projector above lens. Functions of buttons of control panel are as follows: Power: To turn on, push the Power button. The light will flash for about 30 sec before image appears To turn off, push the Power button. You will see a confirmation message. Press Power again to turn off the projector. After turning off the power, wait until the fan turns off before unplugging it. Once the power light stops flashing, and stays on, it is safe to unplug the projector. Help: Push the Help button on the projector to get -Help for the image -Help for the sound -Language selection Computer: If the projector is connected to more than one computer or video source, press Computer to switch between computer sources and/or video. Video: If the projector is connected to more than one video source, press the Video button to choose the video Auto: Press this button to select an item from the menu. This button can also be pushed to reset the projectors tracking, sync. and position settings. Shift :

Hold down Shift and the Tracking+ or Tracking- to eliminate vertical stripes. Hold down Shift and the Sync+ or Sync- to increase or decrease the sharpness of the image. A/V Mute: This button will turn off the picture or will mute the volume Resize: If only part of the image is displayed, press the Resize button to compress the screen image. Continue pressing the button to pan around the screen in the original resolution. If zoomed in on the image, Resize will return it to the original display size Volume: These buttons will increase or decrease the intensity of the volume Keystone: If the LCD Projector is not directly in line with the projection surface, the image may appear trapezoidal. This can be adjusted using the Keystone features Sync+ and Sync-: Used to make the display larger or smaller if the projector is projecting at an angle up or down Tracking+ and Tracking-: It can make the display larger or smaller if the projector is not placed directly in front of the projection surface Focus and Changing the Image Size: Use the rings on the lens to focus the image or to make the image appear larger or smaller on the projection surface. Wide/Tele: Moving this ring of the lens right or left will make the projection image larger or smaller on the projection surface. Focus:
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The frontal ring of the lens has an adjustment that will move left or right to focus the image on the projection surface Additional Audio and Video Devices: There are a number of ports on the back of the projector which can be used to connect additional audio and video features to display in your presentation. VCRs, DVDs, digital cameras, or laser disk players can be connected directly to the projector, and projected on the viewing surface Shutting Down the LCD Projector: Push the Power button. A confirmation message will then appear. Press Power again to turn off the projector. After turning off the power to the projector, wait until the fan turns off before unplugging it. Once the Power Light stops flashing, and stays on, it is safe to unplug the projectors Warning Lights: Next to the Power Light are two additional warning lights. Take notice if any of these lights appear. If the Lamp Warning Light is flashing, notify because the lamp needs to be changed If the Temperature Status Light is flashing orange, notify for cleaning the air filter. If the Temperature Status Light is flashing red, turn off the lamp immediately, and allow the fan to run to cool down the temperature. USE OF LCD PROJECTOR IN CLASS -Keeping Interest -Visual Learning -Answering Questions -Ease of Use -Multiple Approaches INSTRUCTIONS WHILE TEACHING WITH L.C.D
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-Set up the LCD projector in your classroom -Choose LCD projector which is appropriate for classroom -Set LCD projector so that the students can comfortably view it. Students sitting too far to the left or right of the projection screen may see distorted images. Sitting too close to the screen can also be uncomfortable for the viewer. -Connect the LCD projector to laptop or desktop computer. Set it in a way so that teacher can comfortably see students and interact with them as well as perform the necessary tasks on your computer -Practice with the operation of the LCD projector before you begin your first lesson. Know how to adjust the brightness and how to focus the screen TEACHING WITH THE LCD PROJECTOR: -Create lessons designed with the use of the LCD in mind. -Find multimedia clips that can integrate with your lessons. -Link LCD projector to other instructional media such as a white board for interactive learning. -Allow the students to become hands-on with the operation of the LCD projector. Let them create their own multimedia presentations.

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR INTRODUCTION:

The overhead projector is a very vital teaching aid which has made projections so simple and easy that it has replaced a chalkboard completely. An overhead projector produces images on a screen behind and over the head of a teacher.
DEFINITION:

Overhead projector is a device for projecting a matter, which is written or drawn on transparent sheet of acetate on to a screen It is the cheapest projecting aid currently available
STRUCTURE OF OHP:

i) An OHP consists of a metal box with a 1000 watt bulb and a concave reflector, a condenser lens illuminates the transparency placed on the glass sheet on the top of the box ii) There is a vertical rod by the side of the box which carries an objective convex lens parallel to the transparency and a plane mirror to reflect the image on the screen iii) The objective lens and mirror combination can be slided up and down the rod with rock and pinion arrangement operated by a knob iv) The movement of the objective lens and the mirror focuses the image on the screen properly v) There is also a small exhaust or cooling fan in the OHP to blow out the excess heat produced by the bulb
TRANSPARENCIES CAN BE MADE BY TWO PROCESSES:

1. DIRECT PROCESS: These are prepared by simply writing or drawing on clear acetate, using felt tipped pens or waxed pencils 2. HEAT PROCESS These are prepared by taking original material (typed, written or drawn) or

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printed material and transferring it to the film by use of a thermo fax copy machine
PREPARATION OF OHP TRANSPARENCIES

-Use a standard size of acetate sheet measuring 18 cm x22.5 cm -OHP makers are available in two types: temporary and permanent -Temporary markers have soluble ink and written matters can be wiped off with the help of a damp cloth -Permanent markers are oil, spirit or wax based and their writing is preserved for long time -One may prepare reusable transparencies with permanent ohp markers. If want to reuse the transparency sheet later for another purpose, be sure to use a marker with soluble ink. -Transparencies must be clearly written with at least 8 mm size letters either free hand or transfer letters of templates. A transparency which can be clearly read from a distance of 2 m should project well for classroom 6 m deep. -They should be patiently prepared with bright harmonizing or contrasting colors, legibly and systemically. -There should be no more than six words in each line and no more than eight lines in each transparency. Put margins appropriately. -The best colors to use to write on transparency are black, blue and green. Use red sparingly. -Keep the amount of information on the sheet to a minimum and make the image large enough so that students in the back of the room will be able to see it. -Avoid copying information from a printed book or journal page. Such pages present too much information. It is better to type it on paper first, enlarge the type and then make a transparency. -Transparencies can be very creative, especially if you have artistic help. Mount it in a cardboard frame that gives it some protection, enables to handle without touching acetate and reduces glare around the images.
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EFFECTIVE USE OF TRANSPARENCIES

i) The OHP and screen should be positioned in such a way that every student in the class can see every part of the projected image with ease. ii) OHP should be on, with transparency in position as and when required. The fan should not be switched off until the light source cools down. iii) One should not transport an OHP while the lamp is still hot. iv) Transparent color Perspex arrow heads or pointed objects such as pencils placed on the transparency at the platform are recommended for pointing. v) Human silhouettes are irritating, so one should not interrupt the beam of light by movement and gesticulation. vi) It is best not to project entire transparency at the very beginning. Optimal progressive disclosure of information achieves the same objective as the sequential presentation of information on the blackboard. Progressive disclosure of information can be achieved by unmasking the information at a controlled rate. A paper or cardboard can be used as a mask. This technique is called revelation technique vii) Never leave a visual on the screen after a point has been discussed. Turn off the projector by keeping the fan on when not projecting the transparency. viii) Many radiographs can be projected successfully with the OHP. For this classroom, must be darkened ix) Transparencies can also be made with overlays- additional acetate sheets can be placed over the base transparency to add new frames or colours. x) By using silhouetting effect opaque objects can be projected. xi) While showing a transparency, be careful that you are not blocking the students view. xii) Transparencies can be used similarly to a chalkboard for writing down spontaneous ideas, outlining class content or doing math problem.
ADVANTAGES

-Transparencies can be prepared beforehand to save class time and to help organize and illustrate content.
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-Diagrams and drawings can be drawn or copied. -Concepts can be illustrated. -Lectures can be outlined. -Cartoons can be projected for interest and illustration. -Teachers can face the students while using it, thus, eye contact with students can be maintained. -The room does not have to be dark, although it is often helpful to dim the lights around the screen. -It is easy to use, requiring only manipulation of an on-off switch and focus knob. -It is the cheapest of all projected audio-visuals. -Photocopies of transparencies may be handed to the students if desired. -They can be made in different colours and used in a variety in a variety of ways like revealing gradually, overlaying etc. -They can be reused by employing washable colour markers. -It is less polluting and less strenuous than using chalkboard. -They may be referred to back and forth in the same or in different sessions.
DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSPARENCIES

-Need of electricity to project the transparency. So cannot be used every time. -Time consuming-for preparation. -Cannot project real objects and images. -It is difficult to renew the content.

PRECAUTIONS

the projector is not in use it should be covered so that no dust gets deposited on its lenses and bulb which will make image on screen dull.

-When

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-Dust the projector before and after use and occasionally clean the lenses with .soft tissue papers or flannel cloth available with the opticians. -Do not keep the bulb on for a long time, it can overheat the projector and damage the acetate transparencies as well as the bulb. Switch off the bulb after every 5 to 10 minutes of use of the projector keeping the blower on for some time. -Do not shift the OHP when the bulb is on as the filament of the bulb may break due to jerks during shifting. -Do not keep the OHP too low, as it will make the image distorted.

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REFERENCES

SANKARANARAYAN B, SINDHU B. LEARNING AND TEACHING NURSING. 3RD ED. .CALICUT: BRAINFILL PUBLISHER; 2009. P.209-11 BASAVANTHAPA BT. NURSING EDUCATION, 1ST ED. NEW DELHI. JAYPEE BROTHERS .PUBLISHERS; 2003. P.453-455 NEERJA KP. TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION. 2ND ED. NEW DELHI. JAYPEE .BROTHERS PUBLISHERS; 2003. P.223-224 REFERENCES PARMILA.R. NURSING COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY (1 EDITION 1ST (2010) VOLUME 1,PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS,PP 156-157 BASAVANTHAPPA BT NURSING EDUCATION FIRST EDITION 2003 PUBLISHED BY (2 JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PP 557-560

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