PDVSA

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

VOLUME 13II ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA N

TITLE

H251

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1 0
REV.

DEC. 98 FEB.89
DATE

GENERAL REVISION FOR APPROVAL

DESCRIPTION DATE

21 33

Y.K. J.S.

A.A. J.G.
APPD. DATE

J.E.R. E.S.
APPD.

PAG. REV.

APPD.BY Alexis Arvalo

DEC. 98 APPD.BY Jess E. Rojas

DEC. 98

E PDVSA, 1983

ESPECIALISTAS

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 1
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Index
1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Pressures and Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corrosion Allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Line and Connection Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Specification Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Screwed Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bypasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provisions for Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supports and Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joints and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valve Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centrifugal Pump Piping Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vents and Drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Requirements for Process Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Requirements for Steam Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Requirements for Water and Air Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utility Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drainage and Sewage Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firewater Protection System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2
2 2 2

2 DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2
2 4 4 4 5

3 DESIGN DETAILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5
5 5 6 6 6 8 8 8

4 GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8
8 9 9 9 10 11 14

5 REQUIREMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL PIPING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . .

15
15 15 16 17 17 17

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

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DEC. 98

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GENERAL
1.1
1.1.1

Scope
This specification covers general requirements for the design of process and utility piping systems and supplements the requirements of the ASME Code B31.3, Process Piping, under which the piping systems are to be designed. The number and extent of piping systems to be provided in the plant shall be as indicated on the Piping and Instrument (P&I) diagrams and plant drawings. Requirements indicated on Piping and Instrument (P&I) diagrams prevail over this specification. This specification does not cover design requirements for liquid transportation or gas transmission pipeline systems outside battery limits.

1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4

1.2

References
Latest editions of the following Engineering Specifications and codes form integral part of this specification, to the extend indicated herein:

1.2.1

Petrleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) H221 Piping Materials H231 Piping Fabrication Requirements HG251 Pipe Supports Design Criteria Manual de Ingeniera de Riesgos

1.2.2

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.3 Process Piping

1.3

Regulations
Should there be any conflict between Venezuelan laws, standards and regulations, this specification and ASME standards, the order of prevalences shall be as follows: 1. Venezuelan laws, standards and regulations 2. This specification 3. ASME B31.3.

DESIGN
2.1
2.1.1

Piping Layouts
All piping shall be routed for the shortest and economical run. Layout shall be sufficient flexible to offset thermal effects, in order to avoid:

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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a. b. c. 2.1.2

Failure for excessive thermal expansion stress Flanged joint leakage Excessive loads to connected equipment

Generally all lines, inside battery limits of process units, shall be run on overhead pipe supports. Exceptions are fire water lines and drain lines. New pipe racks shall have 10 percent of available width unused for future lines. Lines that cannot be run overhead shall be run on sleepers. The use of pipe trenches within units shall be avoided. Lines outside battery limits generally shall be run at grade on sleepers except in areas adjacent to units where vehicular and pedestrian access is required. for vertical clearance, see paragraph 2.2.1. Large, thin walled lines in nonflammable service, such as cooling water lines, may be buried and continuously supported on sand cushions. Piping insulated for Hot Service over 3 inches and larger nominal diameter shall not be supported directly on structural steel or on a round smooth bar welded to structural steel, and shall be provided with pipe shoes or saddles, with the bottom of the pipe 75 mm (3 inches) above the top of supporting structural steel. Pipe shoes or saddles shall be of sufficient length to handle any possible line expansion. All piping over 3 inches nominal diameter with operating temperature 121 C (250 F) and over supported directly on concrete sleepers shall be provided with pipe shoes or saddles, with the bottom of the pipe 75 mm (3 inches) above the top of supporting concrete. Pipe shoes and saddles shall be of sufficient length to handle any possible line expansion.

2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5

2.1.6 2.1.7

2.1.8

Bare pipes shall rest directly on structural steel provided a smooth round steel bar (1/2 or 3/4 inch diameter) be welded on structural steel in order to minimize contact area and corrosion. Where possible, all lines shall be run at levels which would enable them to be supported on structural steel at a common elevation. In process areas, specific elevations shall be selected for lines running north and south and other specific elevations for lines running east and west. These elevations shall be used throughout the unit, except where pockets must be avoided.

2.1.9

2.1.10 2.1.11

All piping and accessories shall be arranged to facilitate support. Piping arrangement shall be planned for ease of equipment removal for inspection, servicing and/or maintenance.

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Piping and structures shall be arranged to permit mobile lifting equipment to approach process equipment and make lifts without obstruction. 2.1.12 2.1.13 2.1.14 2.1.15 Maintenance areas shall be clear of piping insofar as possible. Control valves, relief valves, etc. shall be accessible from platforms or grade and grouped at main operating levels. Deflections over 1/2 inch are not permitted in all lines. All process and utility piping entering battery limits shall be provided with a block valve. Piping leaving battery limits shall be provided with block valve with the Owners representative approval only. Buried pipe shall be externally coated, and provided with cathodic protection if required. Where a drain valve is required, bottom of pipe (BOP) shall be above ground or base level so a plug can be easylly installed and/or removed. A 100 mm (4 inches) minimum clearance is recommended.

2.1.16 2.1.17

2.2
2.2.1 2.2.2

Clearances
Clearance for equipment, structures, platforms, piping and its supports shall be in accordance with Appendix I. To permit access for the removal or maintenance of a pipe line, a minimum side clearance of 25 mm (1 inch) shall be provided between parallel lines, outside of insulation or between flange and pipe (insulation). Thermal movements shall be taken into consideration in determining side clearances. Clearance for maintenance personnel shall be allowed for removal of interior lines in multiple pipe line racks.

2.2.3

The lowest point of all flanges or insulation on lines run in trenches shall be a minimum of 75 mm (3 inches) above the floor of the trench. The minimum horizontal walkway clearance between piping and mechanical equipment shall be 915 mm (36 ft).

2.3

Materials
Materials of construction for individual piping systems and specific operating conditions shall conform to the requirements of Engineering Specification Piping Materials, PDVSA H221.

2.4
2.4.1

Design Pressures and Temperatures

The design pressures and temperatures to be used as a basis for the design of piping systems and the selection of standard piping material components shall be

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in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Code B31.3, with the maximum operating conditions shown on the applicable P&I diagrams. 2.4.2 Piping shall be designed for the maximum expected severe coincidental of conditions of pressure and temperature during normal operation, arrived on the basis of the following considerations: a. b. c. Design pressure of the equipment to which it is connected. Set pressure of the safety valve which protects the system. Discharge piping of a centrifugal pump not protected by a safety valve shall be designed for the higher value of: 1. Maximum suction pressure plus normal differential pressure. 2. Normal suction pressure plus maximum differential pressure. d. e. f. All systems operating below atmospheric pressure shall be designed for full vacuum. All piping leaving the battery limits shall be designed for a closed valve at the battery limits of destination plant or off site installation. The design pressure shall apply from the source to the last valve before entering equipment at a lower pressure.

2.5

Corrosion Allowance
Minimum corrosion allowances as listed in Engineering Specification Piping Materials, PDVSA H221 shall be provided in all process and utility piping systems.

DESIGN DETAILS
3.1
3.1.1 3.1.2

Line and Connection Sizes

Allowable pipe sizes in inches are: 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 and larger, in 6inch increments. In general, the minimum pipe sizes shall be 1/2 inch for utility lines; 1 inch for process lines; no size limitations for instrument connections and steam tracing lines; 4 inches for underground sewer lines; and 1 1/2 inches for other than sewer underground lines.

3.2
3.2.1

Material Specification Changes

When a piping system of one material Line Spec is connected to a piping system of a higher rated material Line Spec, the connecting piping system shall be

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constructed of the higher rated material Line Spec up to and including the first valve in the connecting piping system. a. b. 3.2.2 The higher rated material Line Spec shall be used up to and including the valve on the bypass around equipment or pressure reducing valves. Block valves after the reducing valves shall be of the higher rated material Line Spec.

Where vessels have higher design ratings than the connecting lines, the valves at the vessels shall equal the pressure rating of the vessels if the valves are normally closed during operation. Drilled holes in orifice flanges shall be upward in gas or vapor lines, and lateral in liquid lines. Other orientations require Owners representative approval.

3.2.3

3.3
3.3.1 3.3.2

Flanges
The use of flanges in piping shall be limited to connections at flanged equipment, valves and appurtenances as indicated on P&I diagrams. Flanges shall also be provided in cases such as: Where frequent dismantling of piping is required. Where plastic, nonmetallic or internally coated piping systems cannot be welded or otherwise joined except by flanges. To provide clearance for dismantling of equipment such as pumps, compressors, reactors, etc. Where is not permitted to fabricate welding pipe. Where it is not feasible to weld piping sections of dissimilar materials, e. g. Carbon Steel to Cast Iron, Carbon Steel to FRP, etc.

3.4
3.4.1

Screwed Nipples
All carbon steel and ferritic alloy steel screwed nipples shall be of Schedule 80 minimum thickness. a. Close nipples shall not be used.

3.4.2

Austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous alloy screwed nipples shall be Schedule 40S minimum thickness.

3.5
3.5.1 3.5.2

Valves
Valves shall be provided of the type and number shown on the P&I diagrams. Double block valve and bleeder installations shall be provided as shown on the P&I diagrams where necessary to avoid product contamination, or a hazardous condition.

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3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7

The type of valve shall be in accordance with Engineering Specification, Piping Materials, PDVSA H221. Facetoface dimensions of gate, globe, check, ball, and plug valves shall be in accordance with ASME B16.10. Block valves shall in general be gate, ball, butterfly or plug valves. Globe valves in sizes 3 inches and larger shall be used only when throttling is required. Plug or ball valves shall be used (when operating temperature is within acceptable limits) in lieu of gate valves for services where solids may collect to prevent the seating of the wedge. Gear operators (manual) shall be supplied for gate and globe valves (which are operated more than four times a year), ball and plug valves, and firesafe butterfly valves in the following sizes and larger: VALVE TYPE AND SIZE (NPD) ASME Primary Rating, Class
150 (1) 300 (2) 400 600 900 1500 2500

3.5.8

Gate or Globe in.

14 10 8 8 6 4 3

Ball or Plug in.

8 8 6 6 4 3 3

Firesafe Butterfly (3) in.

8 6 4 4

mm
350 250 200 200 150 100 80

mm
200 200 150 150 100 80 80

mm
200 150 100 100

NOTES
(1) Includes ASME Class 125 and 250 cast iron. (2) Includes ASME Class 300 ductile iron. (3) This valve type not generally available above ASME Class 600.

a.

The valve is to be used in service conditions which require that it be opened or closed as quickly as possible in the event of equipment malfunction or operation failure. The valves for which gearing is to be supplied shall be indicated on the applicable P&I diagrams.

b. 3.5.9

For ASME Class 600 and over, valves shall be provided with pressure equalizing bypass globe valve, as indicated in Appendix II, when the operating differential

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pressure across the closed valve approximately equal the pressure rating of the valve at the operating temperature. 3.5.10 3.5.11 3.5.12 a. 3.5.13 3.5.14 The valves for which bypasses are to be furnished shall be indicated on the applicable P&I diagrams. Integral valve bypass shall not be used unless absolutely required due to design limitations. If used, it shall be globe valves only. The bypass valve and the related bypass piping shall be of the same piping class as the principal valve. Check valves shall be suitable for installation in horizontal or vertical lines where a reversal of flow may occur. Stem positions of all valves shall be indicated on the drawings, preferably not below the horizontal. Pipe lines containing hazardous solutions (i.e. acids, caustic, etc.) shall not have valve stems below the horizontal.

3.6
3.6.1

End Closures
Only with the approval of Owners representative, welded end closures shall be welding caps for all process service lines and for all other services with design pressures over 1,02 bar (14,7 psi) (gauge) or in vacumm service. Flat plate closures may be for piping over 12 inches size and with a design pressure between 0 bar (gauge) and 1,01 bar (14,7 psi) (gauge) in nonflammable services.

3.6.2

3.7
3.7.1 3.7.2

Blinds
Blinds shall be supplied only to the extent required for normal operations and as shown on the P&I diagrams. Blinds (spacers and spectacles) shall normally be installed on all process lines at battery limits and where required to facilitate testing, inspections or maintenance of equipment.

3.8
3.8.1

Bypasses
Bypasses around equipment and control valves shall be supplied only to the extent required for normal operation and as shown in the P&I diagrams.

GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

4.1
4.1.1

Provisions for Expansion and Flexibility

Provisions for thermal expansion and contraction shall be made in all lines in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Code B31.3.

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4.1.2

Provisions for expansion shall normally be made with pipe loops. Cold strains shall be avoided and may be used with the approval of Owners representative only. All piping systems shall be designed so that the loads and moments applied at the flanges of mechanical equipment shall not exceed the permissible reactions on the equipment nozzles, as indicated by suppliers and/or standards.

4.1.3

4.2
4.2.1

Supports and Anchors

All piping shall be supported and shall be provided with anchors, sway braces or vibration dampeners to prevent excessive expansion forces on equipment and excessive vibration. Piping at valves and mechanical equipment, such as pumps, requiring periodic maintenance shall be supported so that the valves and equipment can be removed with a minimum necessity of installing temporary pipe supports. Piping supports shall be designed as part of the piping system in accordance with the objective and procedures outlined in PDVSA HG251.

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.3
4.3.1 4.3.2

Joints and Connections

Joining in all piping systems equal or larger than 2 inches pipe size shall be accomplished by butt welding. Joining in piping 11/2 inches diameter and under shall be accomplished by socket welding preferably. Screwed connections shall require Owners representative approval. Unless otherwise indicated on project specifications, flanged connections shall be used to connect all piping, vessels, equipment, instruments, relief and safety valves, etc. (see subtitle 3.3.). Steel flanges used for the attachment to flat faced cast iron flanges shall be flat faced.

4.3.3

4.3.4

4.4
4.4.1 4.4.2

Branch Connections
Welded pipe to pipe connections shall be designed so that the angle of intersection between the branch and the run shall not be less than 45. Integrally reinforced branch welding fittings which abut the outside surface of the run wall, in sizes 4 in. NPS (100 mm) and larger, are not permitted under any of the following conditions: a. The d/D ratio (branch diameter/header diameter) exceeds 0.8.

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b. c. 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5

The run piping wall thickness is less than schedule 40. The run piping wall thickness is less than 0.75 in. (19 mm) where outside diameter exceeds 36 inches (900 mm).

Pad reinforced branch connections are not permitted when the piping design temperature is 427 C (800 F) or greater. If padtype reinforcement is used for full size branch connections, it shall be of the completeencirclement type. Fabricated branch connections. Branch connections shall be directly joined to the header with full penetration weld. All branch connections to headers 16 in.(400 mm) diameter and larger shall be visually inspected, both internally and externally. Reinforcing pads (when required) shall be added as a subsequent fabrication step after visual inspection. Vent shall be 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) drilled hole. Connections 11/2 inches NPS (40 mm) or smaller shall be welded to run piping by using a coupling, or a schedule 160 or greater nipple, or an integrally reinforced branch welding fitting. 2 inches NPS and smaller branch connections shall be provided with a block valve close to the header.

4.4.6

4.5
4.5.1

Valve Installations
Frequently operated valves and unfrequently operated valves required for emergency operations, on which the centerline of the stem is more than 2,3 m above the pavement or platform levels, shall be provided with remote operating devices, like an impact type chain wheel. Clamp type chain wheel is permitted for gear operated valves only. Extended stems or fixed ladders, stairs or platforms are also permitted for easing operation provided do not obstruct walkways and passageways. a. b. Chain wheels shall not be used on screwed valves. Chains shall hang to within 915 mm of the operation level and they shall be attached to columns or walls so as not to obstruct passageways.

4.5.2

Other unfrequently used valves which are more than 2,3 m above the pavement or platform level shall be installed so they the can be reached from a portable ladder or mobile platform. Frequently operated valves in trenches shall be provided with extension stems extending to within 100 mm (4 inches) below the cover plate if the hand wheels are more than 305 mm (12 inches) below the cover plate. Valves at towers shall be located directly against or close to the tower nozzles unless physical interference would prevent proper operation of the valves. Valves shall not be located inside vessel skirts.

4.5.3

4.5.4

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4.5.5

All valve outlet ends in process and steam services which do not connect to a piping system shall be provided with an appropriate end closure. a. b. c. Threaded ends shall use a plug. Socket weld ends shall use a nipple and a screwed cap. Flanged ends shall use a blind flange.

4.5.6 4.5.7

Gate or globe valves which normally operate open shall be installed so stem is in horizontal position. Block valves shall be provided on 11/2 inches or smaller branch connections at a maximum distance of 230 mm (9 inches) from header, in utility services like instrument and service air; service, crude and makeup water; steam and condensate. Instruments gate or globe valves shall be installed so stem is in horizontal position.

4.5.8

4.6
4.6.1 4.6.2

Centrifugal Pump Piping Installations

Discharge and suction valves shall be arranged per Fig. 1. Check valve installation in the pump discharge line shall be per Fig. 1 and the following: a. A single check valve shall be installed if there is any possibility of a reverse of flow.

4.6.3 4.6.4

Combined stop/check valves may be used in water service under ASME Class 300 rating. Valve sizing shall be as follows: a. Check valves and discharge block valves shall be linesize. However, if the discharge line is two or more sizes larger than the pump discharge nozzle, the valves may be the next standard size smaller. Suction valves shall be linesize. However, a size reduction to one size larger than the nominal size of the pump suction nozzle may be used if: 1. The result is a lower total installed cost, and. 2. The effect on NPSH is tolerable at design and alternate operating conditions.

b.

4.6.5

Suction valve ratings shall be as follows: a. b. With a single pump in the line, the suction valve shall have a pressuretemperature rating equal to the suction line rating. When two or more pumps are manifolded, the suction valves and any components between the valves and the pumps shall have a

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pressuretemperature rating of not less than 3/4 the maximum discharge pressure of the pump at normal operating temperature. 4.6.6 Pressure Relief (PR) valve installation for mechanical seal protection. When two or more pumps are manifolded and the failure pressure of the pump mechanical seal is less than the pump casing design pressure, a PR valve shall be provide between the suction valve and the pump. The PR valve shall be set to open no higher than the seal rated pressure and shall be sized for a flow equivalent to 10% of pump design flow plus the flow through any drilled check valve or bypass line. Discharge from the PR valve shall be piped to the pump suction source upstream of the suction valve. Length of suction line. For pumps taking suction from drumless condensers, the length of the sloped horizontal suction line under the condenser must be minimized to avoid local vapor lock caused by velocity loss. 4.6.9 Minimum sloping of suction line. If vapors may be present in the suction line, it shall be sloped not less than 1:50 downward, from the vessel toward the pump. If it is impracticable to slope the line due to layout considerations, alternate piping arrangements, to avoid high point vapor traps, shall be approved by the Owners representative. 4.6.10 4.6.11 Reducers in horizontal suction shall be eccentric and shall be installed as shown in Fig. 1, to avoid pocketing of vapors in the horizontal line. Strainer installation: a. b. Temporary strainer shall be installed per Fig. 1 unless permanent strainers have been specified. Piping layout shall permit insertion and removal of the temporary strainer without disturbing equipment alignment. Pipe fittings such as Tees, Y s, or fabricated piping spool pieces are acceptable for this purpose. The design and location of permanent strainer shall permit cleaning without removing the strainer body.

4.6.7 4.6.8

c. 4.6.12

Suction liner for double suction pumps shall not be installed with a horizontal elbow closer than 5 pipe diameters of straight run pipe to the pump suction nozzle. WARMUP FACILITIES

4.6.13

Piping shall be installed per Fig. 1, details A or B as applicable, to provide a continuous flow of fluid through the pump and piping when a pump is idle or outofservice, for either of the following conditions:

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PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 13
Indice norma

a. b. 4.6.14

If the pumping temperature exceeds 230 C (450 F). If the ambient temperature may be at, or below, the pour point of the process fluid.

Warmup facilities for other than coking and slurry service shall be installed per Fig. 1 Detail A and the following: a. The drilled check valve shall have the hole sized to provide a flow of 3 to 5% of normal pump flow, but the hole shall not be less than 6,3 mm (1/4 in) diameter. If a high differential pressure precludes meeting the 3 to 5% flow limitation per subparagraph a. above, or as an alternative to a drilled check valve, a bypass with a flow restrictor is acceptable on pumps with discharge nozzles 2 in. NPS (50 mm) diameter and larger.

b.

4.6.15

A drilled check valve or bypass piping per Fig. 1 Detail A shall be installed when the pump is designed for automatic startup and when the daily mean temperature may fall below the temperature for acceptable operating viscosity. LOW FLOW PROTECTION

4.6.16

A low flow protection system shall be installed for pumps expected to operate for extended periods of time at less than 20% of their best efficiency point (BEP) flow rating. The low flow protection system shall be designed to assure continuous pump operation at flows exceeding 20% of BEP flow rating. The low flow protection system shall either be piped back to the pump suction source; or through a cooler and back to the pump suction. Alternative system design shall be submitted to the Owners Engineer for approval. Boiler feed water pumps. An automatic, combined lowflowbypass/check valve shall be provided for each pump (in lieu of an unvalved orificed bypass).

4.6.17

External Forces and Moments Forces and moments caused by piping on pump nozzles or couplings shall be calculated by Piping Engineer. Considerations shall be taken for special conditions like not operation periods, thermal expansions, types of baseplate and steamout. Reactions and moments shall not exceed permissible values as indicated in applicable pump codes or standards, or pump manufacturer. Deviations permitting higher loads require approval of the Owners representative. Such approval will be based on proof submitted by the pump vendor or manufacturer that the specified pump nozzle or coupling deflection will not be exceeded. For inline pumps, piping forces shall be determined with the pump considered as a rigid, but unanchored segment of the piping system.

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 14
Indice norma

4.7
4.7.1 4.7.2

Vents and Drains

Vents and drains shall be provided in accordance with P&I diagrams. In general, venting and draining shall be accomplished through vessel and/or equipment connections. a. Vessel vents and drains may be located in overhead or bottom piping, provided no valves or blinds are located between the vent or drain connections and the vessels.

4.7.3

Plugged vents (valves omitted) shall be provided on high points of pipe sections and on high points of 6 and larger inverted U shaped pipe sections when the sections are to be hydrostatically tested. a. High point vents shall not be required when one or more of the following conditions exists:

Inverted U shaped piping to be hydrostatically tested is 4 and smaller. Piping system is pneumatically tested. Piping system receives only service tests (i.e. cooling water supply and return systems, plant and instrument air, lube and seal oil systems, steam tracing, and potable water systems). Piping system is hydrostatically tested at atmospheric pressure (i.e. storage tanks, mixing tanks, and associated piping). An accessible flanged joint exists at the highest point in the system to be tested. 4.7.4 4.7.5 Valved drains shall also be provided on low points of all pipelines Drains emptying into open receptacles shall terminate 50 mm above the top of the drain receptable and the discharge shall be visible from the location of the drain valve. Unless otherwise noted on piping drawings or P&I diagrams, the minimum size of vent and drain connections shall be 3/4 inch. For hydrostatic tests, 3/4 inch and 11/2 inches drains shall be provided for 10 inches lines NPS and smaller, and 12 inch lines NPS and greater, respectively. The minimum vent and drain connection sizes for vessels shall be in a accordance with Appendix III. No permanent drains or vents shall be provided in hydrogen carrying lines. Any vents or drains installed for hydrostatic testing shall have valves removed and connections plugged and weld sealed after testing. A 3/4 inch drain shall be installed upstream of each control valve, between block valve and control valve.

4.7.6

4.7.7 4.7.8

4.7.9

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 15
Indice norma

4.7.10

When a piping spool is between a check and a block valves, the spool shall be provided with a valved drain.

REQUIREMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL PIPING SYSTEMS

5.1
5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5

Requirements for Process Piping Systems

Sample connections and sample coolers shall be supplied to the extent shown on the P&I diagrams. Avoid long dead legs. All sample connections shall normally be 3/4 inch. For pipe in a horizontal or inclined plane, the sample connection shall be located at the side of the pipe unless otherwise indicated on the P&I diagrams. Unless otherwise indicated on the P&I diagrams, the piping systems for pumping out towers and equipment shall be a part of the regular process piping of the unit. Relief valves which discharge to atmosphere through discharge piping shall have the pipe extend at least 3 meters (10 ft) above any platform or working area within a 7,6 meter (21,5 ft) radius of the point of discharge. Relief valves shall be connected to flare or other disposal system only when so indicated on the applicable P&I diagrams. Relief valves have a minimum of piping between the protected line or equipment and the valve inlet and shall be accessible. The low point of the relief valve outlet piping when discharging to the atmosphere shall be provided with a 6 mm minimum weephole. Relief headers shall be continuously sloped to knockout drums. Slope shall be indicated on P&I diagrams.

5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1.8 5.1.9

5.2
5.2.1

Requirements for Steam Systems

Steam piping systems shall be supplied to the extend shown on the utility flow diagrams and normally shall include systems for the distribution of steam required for process operations, steam turbines, service steam, steam tracing, and equipment steamout. All branch connections from steam headers shall be taken off the top of the header. Single block valves shall be provided in branches, adjacent to the headers, to the extent shown in the steam P&I diagrams. Single block and check valves shall be provided adjacent to the point of injection of steam into any process stream

5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 16
Indice norma

5.2.5

Single block valves shall be supplied adjacent to the header in the inlet line to each steam turbine and adjacent to the discharge header in the outlet line unless the discharge is to atmosphere of surface condenser. Steam relief valves shall discharge to atmosphere through discharge piping extending at least 3 meters (10 ft) above any platform or working area within 7,6 m (21,5 ft) radius of the point of discharge. The low point of the relief valve outlet piping shall be provided with a 6 mm (1/4 in) minimum weephole when discharging to the atmosphere. All steam lines shall be designed to avoid unnecessary traps. Where traps cannot be avoided, steam traps with drains shall be designed into the piping to remove condensate. Traps which discharge to a high pressure condensate system generally be provided with a bypass with glove valve and two block valves. Traps which discharge to a low pressure condensate or discharge to the open air will have no bypass. Before each steam trap inlet, a free blow type drain valve shall be installed in direction of flow. Traps inside battery units shall generally discharge to a condensate return system or sewer. Traps outside battery limits shall discharge to a suitable location, such as a ditch, flash pots or as defined on the P&I diagrams. Steam traps discharging into a overhead condensate system or closed system shall be provided with a check valve unless the steam trap acts as a nonreturn valve. Steam traps shall be protected by a Y type strainer installed before the trap or a builtin strainer, independently of selfcontained strainer trap. A steam trap shall be accessible for removing or maintenance. Steam tracing shall be provided in accordance with Engineering Specification Steam Tracing Piping Requirements, PDVSA HD201.

5.2.6

5.2.7 5.2.8 5.2.9 5.2.10 5.2.11 5.2.12 5.2.13 5.2.14 5.2.15

5.2.16 5.2.17 5.2.18

5.3
5.3.1 5.3.2

Requirements for Water and Air Systems

All process cooling water line shall be installed so that the equipment being cooled will remain full of water in the event of shutdown of the cooling water pumps. Shutoff valves in supply branches shall be located as close to the main header line as possible.

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 17
Indice norma

5.3.3 5.3.4

And instrument air piping system and a plant air system shall be provided as shown on the P&I diagrams. Air supply lines shall be provided with drip legs and blowdown connections.

5.4
5.4.1

Utility Outlets
Valved utility service outlets for steam, water and air (service stations, flush, steamout, etc.) shall be provided where shown on utility flow diagrams and drawings. Areas to be served by the utility flow outlets shall be within reach of hose 15 meters long. The utility outlet connections shall be grouped together as much as possible in the same sequence namely, air, steam, water, nitrogen. The size shall be 1 inch.

5.4.2 5.4.3

5.5
5.5.1

Drainage and Sewage Systems

Separate drainage and sewage systems shall be designed in accordance with Engineering Specification Underground Piping for Drainage Systems Design Requirements, PDVSA HE251.

5.6
5.6.1

Firewater Protection System

All firewater protection systems shall be designed in accordance with PDVSA Manual de Ingeniera de Riesgos.

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 18
Indice norma

APENDIX I MINIMUM OVERHEAD CLEARANCES ITEM ROADS, ACCESSWAY AND CRANEWAYS: HEADROOM FOR PRIMARY ACCESS ROAD (WHERE MAJOR MAINTENANCE VEHICLES ARE EXPECTED TO PASS) PUMP MAINTENANCE ACCESSWAY HEADROOM PROCESS AREA CRANEWAY HEADROOM PUMP MAINTENANCE ACCESSWAY HORIZONTAL CLEARANCE, NOT NECESSARILY IN A STRAIGHT LINE CLEARANCE FROM EDGE OF PLATFORMS, EQUIPMENT, PIPE, ETC. PLANT ROADS, CLEARANCE OUTSIDE ROAD TO
6400 mm (210)

MINIMUM CLEARANCES*

3650mm 5335 mm 3050 mm

(120) (176) (100)

1525 mm 4880 mm

(50) (160) (200)

NORMAL OVERHEAD, INSIDE BATTERY LIMIT BATTERY LIMIT,

6100 mm

RAILROADS: HEADROOM FROM TOP OF RAIL CLEARANCE FROM OBSTRUCTION (ANY) TRACK CENTERLINE TO

6550 mm 2590 mm

(216) (86)

MAINTENANCE PASSAGEWAYS AND WALKWAYS: HORIZONTAL CLEARANCE, NOT NECESSARILY IN A STRAIGHT LINE HEADROOM (EXCEPT FOR HANDWHEELS, WHICH MAY BE 6 6 (1980 mm) CLEARANCE UNDER PIPEWAY: ACCESS FOR VEHICULAR EQUIPMENT ACCESS FOR PORTABLE SERVICE EQUIPMENT PIPE ON SLEEPERS: CLEARANCE, BOTTOM OF PIPE TO FINISHED GRADE, UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

915 mm 2290mm

(30) (76)

3650 mm 3050 mm 305 mm

(120) (100) (10)

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 19
Indice norma

ITEM EQUIPMENT: MINIMUM MAINTENANCE SPACE REQUIRED BETWEEN SHELLS OF EXCHANGERS OR OTHER EQUIPMENT ARRANGED IN PAIRS MINIMUM MAINTENANCE SPACE REQUIRED TO STRUCTURAL MEMBER OR PIPE FIRED EQUIPMENT: CLEARANCE FROM EDGE OF ROADS TO SHELL PIPE (ABOVE GROUND): CLEARANCE BETWEEN OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF FLANGE AND OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF PIPE OR INSULATION CLEARANCE BETWEEN OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF PIPE OR INSULATION AND STRUCTURAL MEMBER CLEARANCE IS DEFINED AS THE CLEAR SPACE BETWEEN EXTREME PROJECTIONS.

MINIMUM CLEARANCES*

915 mm

( 30)

305 mm 3050 mm

(10) (100)

25 mm

(01)

25 mm

(01)

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 20
Indice norma

APPENDIX II BYPASS VALVES GLOBE (Pipe Size In Inches)

GATE VALVE SIZE 150 CLASS NONE 4 6 8 10 12 14 to 20 24 1 1 RATING AND BYPASS GLOBE VALVE SIZE 300 CLASS 400 CLASS NA 1 3/4 3/4 1 1 1 1 3/4 3/4 3/4 1 1 1 1 600 CLASS 900 CLASS and Over

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA H251 REVISION FECHA

PDVSA
.Men Principal

PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Indice manual Indice volumen

DEC. 98

Pgina 21
Indice norma

Fig 1. TYPICAL SCHEMATIC PIPING AND VALVES ARRANGEMET

Suction Piping (Vertical) Lateral (To Parallel Pump) Lateral Alternate Location of Reducer See Detail A and Detail B for wzrmup facilities Discharge Piping (Vertical) Lateral (From Parallel Pump) Lateral Alternate Location of Incraser

Discharge Valve Low Point Drain (Note 1) PI Increaser, if required Vent, Drain or Gage Connection

Suction Valve Spool of Reducer Strainer (Note 2) Vent, Drain, or Gage Connection

Pump Flanges PR Valve (Note 3)

Strainer (Note 2)

Casing Vent, if especified

Alternate Location for Reducer Alternate Discharge Piping (Horizontal) Drain Reducer shall be eccentric and installed as shown Pump Flange Casing Drain, if specified

Alternate Discharge Piping (Horizontal)

Notes: (1) A low point drain is not required if the check valve is drilled and a casing drain is provided. (2) Temporary or Permanent Strainer. Alternative location for Permanent Strainer, as required, will be specified. (3) PR Valve location, if required for pump casing or mechanical seal protection.

Suction WARMUP

Discharge

Suction WARMUP

Discharge

min. distance min. distance FLOW RESTRICTOR (Note 2) DRILLED CHECK VALVE min. distance

(Note 3) FLOW RESTRICTOR (Note 4) FLOW RESTRICTOR (Note 2)

Top or Side Takeoff

min. distance

1 NPS BYPASS Alternative to DRILLED CHECK VALVE

BYPASS

Notes: DETAILS A & B: (1) Line flexibility shall be provided for thermal expansion between pump lines and warmup and bypass lines. (2) Flow Restrictors sized to provided a flow of 3 to 5% of normal pump flow, but not less than 1/4 in. diam. DETAIL B only: (1) Lines sized for a max, velocity of 6 ft/sec., but not less than 1 in. NPS (2) Flow Restrictors sized to provide a flow as specified. Acceptable Metric Equivalents in. mm 1/2 NPS 15 3/4 NPS 20 1 NPS 25 1/4 diam. 6.3 6 ft/sec 1:8 m/s 0.1 lb/gal 11.98 kg/m 3