Chatma@ymail.

com

CHUYN ANKEN ( CTPT: CnH2n n 2 )

I. L THUYT ANKEN: 1. Tnh cht vt l: - Tng t ankan, nhiu tnh cht vt l ca anken bin i tng t ankan theo di ca mch cng nh s phn nhnh. - Ni chung, t khi ca anken cao hn so vi ankan tng ng v xicloanken li cao hn so vi anken. - cc ng phn hnh hc, dng trans c im nng chy cao hn v im si thp hn so vi dng Cis. 2. Tnh cht ho hc. - Tnh cht c trng nht ca anken l khuynh hng i vo phn ng cng, cc phn ng ny lin kt t ra hai nhm mi gn vo v cho mt hp cht no: - Mt c im ni bt ca anken l mt electron tp trung tng i cao gia hai nguyn t cacbon ca ni i C = C v tri rng ra theo hai pha ca lin kt . V vy cc tc nhn mang in dng tc dng c bit d dng vo ni i C = C..Phn ng cng vo ni i ch yu l tc nhn mang in dng v sau na l cng theo c ch gc a. Cc phn ng cng. +) Phn ng cng tc nhn i xng. Khi cng tc nhn i xng vo anken th u cho mt sn phm duy nht Halogen ho anken thnh 1,2 - ihalogen ankan l mt phn ng quan trng trong cng nghip cng nh trong phng th nghim
R1 C R2 C R4 H C H C H H C H Cl C Cl H R3 R1 R3 C R2 X H C X R4

X-X

+ Phn ng cng clo:

H

+ Cl - Cl

1,2-diclo etan

+ Phn ng cng brom: Anken c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom:

CH3 H H C C H

+ Br - Br

CH3

H C Br H

1,2-dibrompropan Phn ng ny c dng nhn bit cc hp cht c lin kt i. + Phn ng cng iot: Phn ng cng iot xy ra tng i kh khn. Nhng dn xut ca n th tng i thun li. +) Cng tc nhn bt i xng. + Nu anken i xng R CH = CH R th khi cng tc nhn bt i xng cng cho ta mt sn phm duy nht R - CH - CH - R R - CH = CH - R + X - Y
X Y

C H Br

+ Nu anken bt i xng R1 CH = CH R2 Khi cng tc nhn bt i xng vo anken bt i xng th tun theo quy tc Maccopnhicop: Khi cng tc nhn bt i xng vo anken bt i xng th phn mang in tch dng u tin cng vo cacbon bc thp ( nhiu hiro hn) cn tc nhn mang in tch m u tin cng vo cacbon bc cao ( t hiro hn). Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com * Cng nc: CH3 - CH - CH3 CH3 - CH = CH2 + H2O OH (SPC)

CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH (SPP) * Cng axit halogenic:

CH3 - CH - CH2 CH3 - CH = CH2 + H - Cl Cl H Sn phm ph CH3 - CH - CH2 H Cl Sn phm ch nh

* Cng axit sunfuric: - H2SO4 c (98%, t0 = 80 900C) ta thu c sn phm l ankyl sunfat: CH3 - CH2O CH2 CH3 + CH2 = CH2 + H2SO4 SO2 CH2 CH2 - OSO3H CH3 - CH2O Axit etylsunfuric ietyl sunfat * Cng axt nitric HNO3: CH3 - CH - CH3 CH3 - CH = CH2 + HNO3 O - NO2 (SPC) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - ONO2 (SPP) * Cng axit hipohalogen: Axit hipohalogen cng hp vo ni i C = C ca anken cho ta ankylclohirin OH
CH2 = CH2 + Cl - OH CH2 - CH2 + OH Cl CH2 - CH2 Cl Etylenclohidrin

b. Cc phn ng kh ho v oxi ho: +). Hiro ho anken Vi s c mt ca cht xc tc nh Ni, cc anken cc th cng hp vi hiro phn t v chuyn ha thnh ankan:
C C

+ H2

xc tc

Phn ng xy ra hon ton nn c nhiu ng dng trong thc t +). Phn ng oxi ho: C th b oxi ho theo nhiu nmc khc nhau tu thuc tc nhn c th t lin kt Phn ng to thnh anken oxit ( phn ng epoxyl ho). * Oxi khng kh, xc tc Ag, thi gian tip xc 1 4 giy. Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com
CH2 CH2 + O2

Ag xc tc 250 - 300 C (1 - 4 s)
0

CH2 O

CH2

* Phn ng vi dung dch KMnO4 long to thnh iol: 3R1 - CH = CH - R2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3R1 - CH - CH - R2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH 3CH2 = CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O
OH OH 3CH2 - CH2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

OH OH Etilen glicol Phn ng ln t lin kt i: * Phn ng vi dung dch KMnO4 nng: Sn phm ph thuc vo anken (mc th anken) m to thnh axit, xeton hay CO2
CH2 = CH2 + 4KMnO4 t0 2K2CO3 + 4MnO2 + 2H2O t0 3CH3COOK + 3K2CO3 + KOH + 10MnO2 + 4H2O t0 3CH COOK + 3C H COOK +2KOH + 8MnO + 2H O 3 2 5 2 2
CH3 C CH3 O + CH3COOK + KOH + 2MnO2

3CH3 - CH = CH2 + 10KMnO4

CH
3

3CH3 - CH = CH - C2H5 + 8KMnO4

C CH3 CH CH3 + 2KMnO4

t0

c. Phn ng trng hp. n: L qu trnh cng hp nhiu phn t nh, ring l li vi nhau to thanh cc phn t c phn t lng ln m cng thc phn t vn c gi nguyn.
n CH2 = CH2 Peoxit, 100 - 3000C 100atm CH2 - CH2 n Polietilen

nCH2 = CH CH3

t0, p, xt

CH2 - CH CH3 n

Polipropilen

Cht u gi l: monome hay mt xch c bn. Sn phm gi l: polime. H s trng hp l: n d. Phn ng chy: CnH2n +

VII. iu ch. 1). hiro ho dn xut halogen ca anken. CnH2n+1X Bazmnh CnH2n + HX Baz mnh: cc ancollat R-ONa hoc hn hp KOH v ancol. Kh nng phn ng dn xut halogen cng mt gc th dn xut ca: I > Br > Cl > F Cng mt nguyn t halogen th gc bc III > II > I. Phn ng tch ny xy ra theo quy tc Zaixep. Songvachiendau82

3n O2 n CO2 2

+ n H2O

Chatma@ymail.com
CH3 - C = C - CH3 CH3 - CH - CH - CH3 CH3 Br KOH/ (CH3)3C - OH CH3 CH3 - CH - CH = CH2 CH3 (SPP) (SPC)

CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3

KOH/C2H5OH

CH3 - CH = CH - CH3

(SPC)

Cl 2. Tch phn t halogen t dn xut ihalogen ankan. Tc nhn: Zn hoc I--. + Zn - ZnX2
R1 - CH - CH - R2 X X + NaI - IX + NaX

R1 - CH = CH - R2

V d: + Zn - ZnBr2 CH2 - CH2 Br Br + NaI - IBr + NaBr CH2 = CH2

3. hirat ho ancol. Al2O3 t > 4000C CnH2n+1OH H2SO4 c 0 t = 170 C V d:

C2H2OH H2SO4 (1700C) CH3 CH3 - CH2 - C - CH2 - CH3 OH CH2 = CH2 + H2O H2SO4 (800C) CH3 - CH = C - CH2 - CH3 + H2O CH3
R1 - CH = CH - R2

CnH2n + H2O

4. Hiro ho ankin.
R1 - C C - R2 H2/Pd - PbCO3 ho Pb(CH3COO)2, BaSO4 c

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com II. PHNG PHP GII BI TP: 1. Phn ng t chy: CnH2n +

3n O2 n CO2 2

+ n H2O

Nh vy khi t chy anken th

nCO2 = nH 2O

V d 1: t chy hon ton agam hn hp eten,propen,but-1-en thu c 1,2mol CO2 v 1,2mol nc. Gi tr ca a l: a.18,8g b.18,6g c.16,8g d.16,4g Gii: ng dng cng thc c

mhidrocacbon = 12 nCO2 + 2nH 2O

Ta c a = 12. 1,2 + 2. 1,2 = 16,8g V d 2: t chy hon ton agam hn hp eten,propen,but-2-en cn dng va b lt oxi ktc thu c 2,4mol CO2 v 2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l: a.92,4 l b.94,2 l c.80,64 l d.24,9 l Gii: Tng t ta c nO = nCO + 2 2

VO2 = 3,6 . 22,4 = 80,64 lt

1 2,4 = 3,6 mol nH 2O = 2,4 + 2 2

V d 3:Trn 400 Cm3 hn hp gm hirocacbon X v N2 vi 900Cm3 oxi (d) ,t chy hon ton hn hp thu c 1300Cm3 hn hp kh v hi.Nu dn hn hp qua CaCl2 cn li 900Cm3 ,cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d cn li 500 Cm3.Cng thc phn t ca X l : a.C2H2 b.C3H6 c.C2H6 d.C2H4 3 Gii: Ta c VH 2O = 1300 900 = 400 Cm

VCO2 = 900 500 = 400 Cm3 vy VCO2 = VH 2O X l anken 400 VO2 pu = 400 + = 600 Cm3 VO2du = 900 600 = 300 Cm3 2 VN 2 = 500 300 = 200 Cm3 VX = 400 200 = 200 Cm3
s C =

VCO2 VX

400 = 2 C2H4 200

V d 4. em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO2 v nc c khi lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. Vy 2 cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C3H6 B. C3H6 v C4H8 C. C4H8 v C5H10 D. C5H10 v C6H12. Gii: ta c 44x - 18x = 6,76 x = 0,26 mol

n=

0, 26 = 2,6 CTPT l C2H4 v C3H6 0,1

V d 5. t chy hon ton hn hp gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Cho sn phm chy ln lt i qua

bnh 1 ng P2O5 d v bnh 2 ng KOH rn, d thy bnh 1 tng 4,14g, bnh 2 tng 6,16g. S mol ankan c trong hn hp l: A. 0,06 B. 0,09 C. 0,03 D. 0,045
Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com Gii: ( Cc em lu l khi t chy anken s mol CO2 = s mol H2O nn nu c s khc nhau v s mol gia CO2 v H2O l do hp cht khc gy nn) ta c nCO2 =

nH 2O = 0,23 mol zy s khc nhau gia CO2 v H2O l do ankan gy ra nankan = nH 2O nCO2 = 0,23 - 0,14 = 0,09 mol

6,16 = 0,14 mol 44

V d 6: Hn hp A gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. S nguyn t H trong ankan bng s nguyn t C trong anken. t chy 3 g hn hp A thu c 5,4g H2O. CTPT v % khi lng cc cht trong A l: A. CH4: 46,67%; C4H8 : 53,33% B. CH4: 53,33%; C4H8: 46,67% C. C2H6: 33,33%; C6H12: 66,67% D. C2H6: 66,67%; C6H12: 33,33%

Gii: Ta c

nH 2O = 0,3 mol 12

3 0,3.2 mA = 12. nCO2 + 2 nH 2O nCO2 = = 0,2 mol

nankan =

nH 2O nCO2 = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol 3 = 30 ankan l CH4 0,1

Mt khc mankan < 3 Mankan < % mCH 4 =

V d 7: Chia hn hp 3 anken: C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 thnh 2 phn bng nhau: - t chy phn 1 sinh ra 5,4g H2O - Phn 2 cho tc dng vi hiro (c Ni xc tc), t chy sn phm sau phn ng ri dn sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l: A. 29g B. 30g C. 31g D. 32g Gii: t phn 1 ta c nH 2O = 0,3 mol = nCO2 V phn 2 khi phn ng vi H2 ch thnh phn H thay i nn lng CO2 hai trng hp khng thay i V Ca(OH)2 d nn nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 0,3 mol mCaCO3 = 0,3. 100 = 30 g 2. Phn ng vi dung dch Br2: CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 Nh vy anken : Br2 = 1 : 1 ( t l v s mol hoc th tch ) V d 1. Cho hn hp 2 anken lin tip trong dy ng ng i qua dung dch Br2, thy c 80g Br2 phn ng v khi lng bnh Br2 tng 19,6g. a. Hai anken l: A. C3H6; C4H8 B. C4H8, C5H10 C. C2H4; C3H6 D. C5H10, C6H12 b. %th tch ca mi anken trong hn hp l: A. 20%, 80% B. 25%, 75% C. 40%, 60% D. 50%, 50% Gii: a. T bi ta c manken = 19,6 g

0,1.16 100 = 53,33% p n B 3

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com

nBr2 = 80 = 0,5 mol = nanken 160 19,6 14 n = n = 2,8 C2H4 v C3H6 0,5 b. t n = 2,8 C3H6 chim 80%
( k nng em.... Nh ng sau du phy l % th tch hoc s mol ca cacbon ln hn)
V d 2: Cho 5,1g hn hp X gm CH 4 v 2 anken ng ng lin tip qua dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 3,5g, ng thi th tch hn hp X gim mt na. Hai anken c cng thc phn t l: A. C 3H6 v C 4H8 B. C 2H4 v C 3H6 C. C 4H8 v C 5H10 D. C 5H10 v C 6H12

Gii:

nh zy d thy ta c khi lng bnh Br2 tng l khi lng ca anken nCH 4 =

5,1 3,5 = 0,1 mol = nanken ( v th tch gim mt na nn Vankan = Vanken ) 16 3,5 14 n = n = 2,5 C2H4 v C3H6 0,1

V d 3: Hn hp A gm 2 anken ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton V lt A thu c 13,44 lt CO2 kc. Mt khc A lm mt mu va ht 40g nc Br2. a. CTPT ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4, C3H6 B. C2H4, C4H8 C. C3H6, C4H8 D. C4H8, C5H10 b. Xc nh % th tch mi anken. A. 40% v 60% B. 50% v 50% C. 70% v 30% D. 65% v 35% Gii: a.

nCO2 =

13, 44 = 0,6 mol 22, 4

0,6 nBr2 = 40 = 0,25 mol = nanken n = = 2,4 C2H4, C3H6 0,25 160 b. t n = 2,4 % VC3H 6 = 40%
V d 4: Hn hp kh X gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Cho 1680ml kh X cho qua dung dch brom lm mt mu va dung dch cha brom thy cn li 1120ml kh. Mt khc nu t chy hon ton 1680ml kh X ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 12,5g kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca cc hirocacbon ln lt l: A. CH4, C2H4 B. CH4, C3H6 C. CH4, C4H8 D. C2H6, C3H6 Gii: theo bi ra ta c nhn hp = 0,075 mol Vanken = 560 ml nanken = 0,025 mol nankan = 0,05 mol M nCaCO3 = n =

0,125 0,125 0,05.1 = 1,67 c CH4 s C ca anken l n = =3 0,075 0,025

12,5 = 0,125 mol = nCO2 100

A l B V d 5. Cho 10g hn hp kh X gm etilen v etan qua dung dch Br2 25% c 160g dd Br2 phn ng. % khi lng ca etilen trong hn hp l: Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com A. 70% Gii: Ta c nBr2 =

B. 30%

C. 35,5%

D. 64,5%

160.25 = 0,25 mol = nC2 H 4 100.160 0, 25.28 100 = 70% % mC2 H 4 = 10

V d 6: Mt hn hp gm mt ankan X v mt anke Y c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t v s mol. m gam hn hp ny lm mt mu va 80g dung dch brom 20%. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp trn thu c 0,6 mol CO2. X v Y c cng thc phn t l: A. C2H4, C2H6 B. C3H6, C3H8 C. C5H10, C5H12 D. C4H8, C4H10 Gii: Ta c

nBr2 =

80.20 = 0,1 mol = nanken 100.160 0,6 nhn hp = 0,2 mol s C = = 3 p n B 0,2

3. Phn ng cng H2: CnH2n + H2 CnH2n + 2 Suy ngm cht nh + T l phn ng lun l 1:1 + Khi lng trc v sau phn ng lun bng nhau + S mol sau phn ng lun gim ( v mt H2 )

nH 2 pu = ntrc - nsau

V d 1: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l A. CH2=CH2. B. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3. C. CH3-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH2=C(CH3)2. Gii: gi s mol hn hp X l 1mol Ta c M X = 9,1. 2 = 18,2 mX = 18,2. 1 = 18,2 g = mY M M Y = 13. 2 = 26

18,2 = 0,7 mol 26 nH 2 pu = 1 0,7 = 0,3 mol = nanken nH 2bd = 0,7 mol
nY =

Manken =

18, 2 0,7.2 = 14n n = 4 p n C 0,3

V d 2: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40 Gii: Ta c C2H4 28 \ 15 / H2 2 Songvachiendau82 \ 13 /

M X = 4. 3,75 = 15
13

nC2 H 4 = nH2

( vy hiu sut tnh theo anken hoc H2 cng c )

Chatma@ymail.com Gi s nX = 1mol mX = 15. 1 = 15 g = mY M

M Y = 5. 4 = 20 0,25 .100 0,5

nY = = 50 %

15 20

= 0,75 mol

nH 2 pu = 1 0,75 = 0,25 mol

H=

V d 3: Hn hp kh A cha eilen v H2. T khi ca A i vi hiro l 7,5. Dn A i qua cht xuc tc Ni nung nng th? thu c hh kh B c t khi i vi hiro l 9,0. Hiu sut phn ng cng hiro ca etilen l: A. 33,3% B. 66,7% C. 25% D. 50% Gii: Ta c C2H4 28 \ 15 / \ /

M A = 2. 7,5 = 15
13

nC2 H 4 = nH2

( vy hiu sut tnh theo anken hoc H2 cng c )

H2 2 13 Gi s nA = 1mol mA = 15. 1 = 15 g = mB M

M B = 9. 2 = 18 0,167 100 0,5

nB =

15 18

= 0,83 mol

nH 2 pu = 1 0,83 = 0,167 mol

H=

= 33,3%

3. Phn ng vi KMnO4: ( phn ng to diol )

3R1 - CH = CH - R2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3R1 - CH - CH - R2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH OH OH

Cc em t l phn ng ny ( hoc s dng phng php bo ton e ) V d 1: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en cn V lt kh C2H4
( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 2,240. B. 2,688. C. 4,480. D. 1,344.

Gii:

Ta c

nKMnO4 = 0,2.0,2 = 0,04 mol nC2 H 4 = 0,04.3 2

= 0,06 mol V = 0,06 . 22,4 = 1,344 lt

V d 2: Anken A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch KMnO4 c cht hu c B c MB= 1,81MA. CTPT ca A l: A. C2H4 B. C3H6 C. C4H8 D. C5H10 Gii: cc em lu nu anken c CTPT l CnH2n th iol thu c c cng thc CnH2n(OH)2 14n + 34 = 1,81 . 14n n = 3 p n B

Bi tp p dng:
Cu 1: Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH3 CH2 C(CH3)=CHCH3. Tn ca X l

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com
A. isohexan. B. 3-metylpent-3-en. C. 3-metylpent-2-en. D. 2-etylbut-2-en. Cu 2: S ng phn ca C4H8 l A. 7. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5. Cu 3: Hp cht C5H10 mch h c bao nhiu ng phn cu to? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10. Cu 4: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn anken? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. Cu 5: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn cu to? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10. Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3-metylpent-1-en (3); 3-metylpent-2-en (4); Nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau? A. (3) v (4). B. (1),(2) v (3). C. (1) v (2). D. (2),(3) v (4). Cu 7: Hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc? A. 2-metylbut-2-en. B. 2-clo-but-1-en. C. 2,3- iclobut-2-en. D. 2,3 imetylpent-2-en. Cu 8: Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc (cis-trans)? CH3CH = CH2 (I); CH3CH = CHCl (II); CH3CH = C(CH3)2 (III); C2H5C(CH3)=C(CH3)C2H5(IV); C2H5C(CH3)=CClCH3(V). A. (I), (IV), (V). B. (II), (IV), (V). C. (III), (IV). D. (II), III, (IV), (V). Cu 9: Cho cc cht sau: CH2 =CH CH2 CH2 CH=CH2; CH2=CH CH=CH CH2 CH3; CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH2; CH2=CH CH2 CH=CH2; CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH3; CH3 C(CH3) = CH CH2 CH3; CH3 CH2 C(CH3) = C(C2H5) CH(CH3)2; CH3-CH=CH-CH3. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 10: p dng qui tc Maccopnhicop vo trng hp no sau y? A. Phn ng cng ca Br2 vi anken i xng. C. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken i xng. B. Phn ng trng hp ca anken. D. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken bt i xng. Cu 11: Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc Maccopnhicop sn phm no sau y l sn phm chnh? A. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br C. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH3 B. CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br Cu 12: Anken C4H8 c bao nhiu ng phn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht? A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 13: Cho hn hp tt c cc ng phn mch h ca C4H8 tc dng vi H2O (H+,to) thu c ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng? A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5 Cu 14: C bao nhiu anken th kh (kt) m khi cho mi anken tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht? A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 15: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). Cu 16: Anken thch hp iu ch ancol sau y (CH3 CH2)3C-OH l A. 3-etylpent-2-en. B. 3-etylpent-3-en. C. 3-etylpent-1-en. D. 3,3- imetylpent-1-en. Cu 17: Hirat ha hn hp X gm 2 anken thu c ch thu c 2 ancol. X gm A. CH2 = CH2 v CH2 = CH - CH3. B. CH2 = CH2 v CH3 - CH = CH - CH3. C. A hoc D. D. CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 v CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3. Cu 18: S cp ng phn cu to anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 19: S cp ng phn anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l A. 6. B. 7. C. 5. D. 8. Cu 20: Hp cht X c CTPT C3H6, X tc dng vi dung dch HBr thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Vy X l A. propen. B. propan. C. ispropen. D.xicloropan.

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com
Cu 21: Hai cht X,Y mch h c CTPT C3H6 v C4H8 v u tc dng c vi nc brom. X, Y l A. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 3 cnh. C. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 4 cnh. B. Hai anken hoc hai ankan. D. Hai anken ng ng ca nhau. Cu 22: C hai ng nghim, mi ng cha 1 ml dung dch brom trong nc c mu vng nht. Thm vo ng th nht 1ml hexan v ng th hai 1ml hex-1-en. Lc u c hai ng nghim, sau yn hai ng nghim trong vi pht. Hin tng quan st c l A. C s tch lp cc cht lng c hai ng nghim. B. Mu vng nht vn khng i ng nghim th nht C. ng nghim th hai c hai lp cht lng u khng mu. D. A,B,C u ng. Cu 23: Trng hp eten, sn phm thu c c cu to l A. (-CH2=CH2-)n . B. (-CH2-CH2-)n . C. (-CH=CH-)n . D. (-CH3-CH3-)n . o Cu 24: iu ch etilen trong phng th nghim t C2H5OH, ( H2SO4 c, 170 C) thng ln cc oxit nh SO2, CO2. Cht dng lm sch etilen l A. dd brom d. B. dd NaOH d. C. dd Na2CO3 d. D. dd KMnO4 long d. Cu 25: Sn phm chnh ca s ehirat ha 2-metylbutan-2-ol l cht no ? A. 3-Metylbut-1-en. B. 2-Metylbut-1en. C. 3-Metylbut-2-en. D. 2-Metylbut-2-en. Cu 26: Hp cht 2-metylbut-2-en l sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch t cht no trong cc cht sau? A. 2-brom-2-metylbutan. B. 2-metylbutan -2- ol. C. 3-metylbutan-2- ol. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 27: Oxi ho etilen bng dung dch KMnO4 thu c sn phm l A. MnO2, C2H4(OH)2, KOH. C. K2CO3, H2O, MnO2. B. C2H5OH, MnO2, KOH. D. C2H4(OH)2, K2CO3, MnO2. Cu 27: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng A. ankin. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. anken. Cu 28: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp etan v etilen (ktc) i chm qua qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng khi lng bnh brom tng thm 2,8g. S mol etan v etilen trong hn hp ln lt l A. 0,05 v 0,1. B. 0,1 v 0,05. C. 0,12 v 0,03. D. 0,03 v 0,12. Cu 29: 2,8 gam anken A lm mt mu va dung dch cha 8g Br2. Hirat ha A ch thu c mt ancol duy nht. A c tn l A. etilen. B. but - 2-en. C. hex- 2-en. D. 2,3-dimetylbut-2-en. Cu 30: 0,05 mol hirocacbon X lm mt mu va dung dch cha 8 gam brom cho ra sn phm c hm lng brom t 69,56%. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6 . B. C4H8 . C. C5H10. D. C5H8. Cu 31: Dn t t 8,4g hn hp X gm but-1-en v but-2-en li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Br 2, khi kt thc phn ng thy c m gam brom phn ng. m c gi tr l A. 12g. B. 24g. C. 36g. D. 48g. Cu 32: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7g. Thnh phn phn % v th tch ca hai anken l A. 25% v 75%. B. 33,33% v 66,67%. C. 40% v 60&. D. 35% v 65%. Cu 33: Hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip c th tch 4,48 lt ( ktc). Nu cho hn hp X i qua bnh ng nc brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln 9,8g. % th tch ca mt trong 2 anken l A. 50% B. 40% C. 70% D. 80%. Cu 34: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7g. CTPT ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. C5H10 v C6H12. Cu 35: Mt hn hp X c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc), X gm 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau. Khi cho X qua nc Br 2 d thy khi lng bnh Br2 tng 15,4g. Xc nh CTPT v s mol mi anken trong hn hp X. A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,3 mol C3H6 B. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C4H8 C. 0,4 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C3H6 D. 0,3 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C3H6

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com
Cu 36: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v anken B, A c nhiu hn B mt nguyn t cacbon, A v B u th kh ktc. Khi cho 6,72 lt kh X (ktc) i qua nc Brom d, khi lng bnh brom tng ln 2,8g; th tch kh cn li ch bng 2/3 th tch hn hp X ban u. CTPT ca A, B v khi lng ca hn hp X l A. C4H10 , C3H6; 5,8g. B. C3H8 , C2H4 ; 5,8g. C. C4H10 , C3H6 ; 12,8g. D. C3H8 , C2H4 ; 11,6g. Cu 37: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v mt anken B c cng s nguyn t C v u th kh ktc. Cho hn hp X i qua nc Br2 d th th tch kh Y cn li bng na th tch X, cn khi lng Y bng 15/29 khi lng X. CTPT A, B v thnh phn % theo th tch ca hn hp X l A. 40% C2H6 v 60% C2H4 B. 50% C3H8 v 50% C3H6 C. 50% C4H10 v 50% C4H8 D. 50% C2H6 v 50% C2H4 Cu 38 : Hn hp X gm metan v 1 olefin. Cho 10,8 lt hn hp X qua dung dch brom d thy c 1 cht kh bay ra, t chy hon ton kh ny thu c 5,544g CO2. Thnh phn % v th tch metan v olefin trong hn hp X l A. 26.13% v 73.87%. B. 36.5% v 63.5%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 73.9% v 26.1%. Cu 39: Cho 8960ml (ktc) anken X qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh brom tng 22,4g. Bit X c ng phn hnh hc. CTCT ca X l A. CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3. B. CH3 - CH = CH - CH3. C. CH2 = CH - CH - CH2 - CH3. D. (CH3)2 C = CH2. Cu 40: a. Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l A. but-1-en. B. but-2-en. C. Propilen. D. Xiclopropan. b. Hirocacbon X cng HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c hm lng clo l 55,04%. X c cng thc phn t l A. C4H8. B. C2H4. C. C5H10. D. C3H6. Cu 41: Hn hp X gm metan v anken, cho 5,6 lt X qua dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 7,28g v c 2,688 lt kh bay ra (ktc). CTPT ca anken l A. C4H8 B. C5H10 C. C3H6 D. C2H4 Cu 42: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7g. CTPT ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C4H8. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. A hoc B. Cu 43: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (54,6oC; 0,8064 atm) gm 2 olefin li qua bnh dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 16,8g. CTPT ca 2 anken l (Bit s C trong cc anken khng vt qu 5) A. C2H4 v C5H10. B. C3H6 v C5H10. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. A hoc B. Cu 44: Cho hn hp X gm etilen v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,25. Dn X qua bt niken nung nng (hiu sut phn ng 75%) thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi H2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin) l A. 5,23. B. 3,25. C. 5,35. D. 10,46. Cu 45: Cho H2 v 1 olefin c th tch bng nhau qua Niken un nng ta c hn hp A. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H2 l 23,2. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l 75%. Cng thc phn t olefin l A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 46: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l A. CH3-CH=CH-CH.3 B. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH2=CH2. Cu 47: Cho hn hp X gm anken v hiro c t khi so vi heli bng 3,33. Cho X i qua bt niken nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi heli l 4. CTPT ca X l A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 48: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%. Cu 49: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, t0), cho cng mt sn phm l A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en. C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis -but-2-en v xiclobutan. Cu 50: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp eten, propen, but-2-en cn dng va b lt oxi ( ktc) thu c 2,4 mol CO2 v 2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com
A. 92,4 lt. B. 94,2 lt. C. 80,64 lt. D. 24,9 lt. Cu 51: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm CH 4, C2H4 thu c 0,15 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 1,68. Cu 52: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hm hp gm CH4, C4H10 v C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 v 0,23mol H2O. S mol ca ankan v anken trong hn hp ln lt l A. 0,09 v 0,01. B. 0,01 v 0,09. C. 0,08 v 0,02. D. 0,02 v 0,08. Cu 53: Mt hn hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hn hp ny th lm mt mu va 80 gam dung dch 20% Br2 trong dung mi CCl4. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Ankan v anken c cng thc phn t l A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C4H10 v C4H8. C. C3H8 v C3H6. D. C5H12 v C5H10. Cu 54: Chia hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4, C2H2 thnh hai phn u nhau. Phn 1: t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Phn 2: Hiro ho ri t chy ht th th tch CO2 thu c (ktc) l bao nhiu? A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Cu 55: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh H2 l A. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1 Cu 56: t chy hon ton 10ml hirocacbon X cn va 60ml kh Oxi, sau phn ng thu c 40ml kh cacbonic. Bit X lm mt mu dung dch brom v c mch cacbon phn nhnh. CTCT ca X A. CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3. B. CH2 = C(CH3)2. C. CH2 = C(CH2)2 - CH3. D. (CH3)2C = CH - CH3. Cu 57: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp X gm etan, propan v propen qua dung dch brom d, thy khi lng bnh brom tng 4,2g. Lng kh cn li em t chy hon ton thu c 6,48g nc. Vy % th tch etan, propan v propen ln lt l A. 30%, 20%, 50%. B. 20%, 50%, 30%. C. 50%, 20%, 30%. D. 20%, 30%, 50%. Cu 58: Mt hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A, B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. A, B ch c th l ankan hay anken. t chy 4,48 lt (kc) hn hp X thu c 26,4g CO 2 v 12,6g H2O. Xc nh CTPT v s mol ca A, B trong hn hp X. A. 0,1 mol C3H8 v 0,1 mol C3H6. B. 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4. C. 0,08 mol C3H8 v 0,12 mol C3H6. D. 0,1 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4. Cu 59: Mt hn hp X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B, A v B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. X c khi lng l 12,4g, c th tch l 6,72 lt. Cc th tch kh o ktc. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. C. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. D. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. Cu 60: Mt hn hp A gm 2 hirocacbon X, Y lin tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. t chy 11,2 lt hn hp X thu c 57,2g CO2 v 23,4g H2O. CTPT X, Y v khi lng ca X, Y l A. 12,6g C3H6 v 11,2g C4H8 B. 8,6g C3H6v 11,2g C4H8 C. 5,6g C2H4 v 12,6g C3H6 D. 2,8g C2H4 v 16,8g C3H6 Cu 61: t chy hon ton 0,05 mol mt anken A thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc). Cho A tc dng vi dd HBr ch cho mt sn phm duy nht. CTCT ca A l A. CH2=CH2. B. (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH3CH=CHCH3. Cu 62: Hn hp X gm propen l ng ng theo t l th tch 1:1. t 1 th tch hn hp X cn 3,75 th tch oxi (cng k). Vy B l A. Eten. B. Propan. C. Buten. D. Penten. Cu 63: m gam hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4 v C2H2 chy hon ton thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nu hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp trn ri t chy ht hn hp thu c V(l) CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 1,12. Cu 64: t chy hon ton m gam etanol thu 3,36 lt CO 2 (ktc). Nu un m gam etanol vi H2SO4 c 180o C ri t chy ht sn phm thu c a gam H2O. Gi tr ca a l A. 2,7g. B. 7,2g. C. 1,8g. D. 5,4g.

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com
Cu 65: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc) A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4.C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6. Cu 66: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO2 v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn 16,5%. Cng thc phn t ng ca X l A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 67: em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO2 v nc c khi lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. C5H10 v C6H12. Cu 68: X, Y, Z l 3 hidrocacbon k tip trong dy ng ng, trong M Z = 2MX. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M c mt lng kt ta l A. 19,7g. B. 39,4g. C. 59,1g. D. 9,85g. Cu 69: X l hn hp gm hirocacbon A v O 2 (t l mol tng ng 1:10). t chy hon ton X c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua bnh H2SO4 c d c hn Z c t khi so vi hiro l 19. A c cng thc phn t l A. C2H6. B. C4H8. C C4H6. D. C3H6. Cu 70: X l hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon mch h. t chy X c nCO2 = nH2O. X c th gm A. 1ankan + anken. B. 1ankan + 1ankin. C. 2 anken. D. A hoc B hoc C. Cu 71: Hn hp X gm C3H8 v C3H6 c t khi so vi hiro l 21,8. t chy ht 5,6 lt X (ktc) th thu c bao nhiu gam CO2 v bao nhiu gam H2O? A. 33g v 17,1g. B. 22g v 9,9g. C. 13,2g v 7,2g. D. 33g v 21,6g. Cu 72: Hn hp X gm 2 anken kh phn ng va vi dung dch cha 48 gam brom. Mt khc t chy hon ton hn hp X dng ht 24,64 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l A. C2H4 v C3H6 B. C2H4 v C4H8 C. C3H6 v C4H8 D. A v B u ng Cu 73: Hin nay PVC c iu ch theo s sau: C2H4 CH2ClCH2Cl C2H3Cl PVC. Nu hiu sut ton b qu trnh t 80% th lng C2H4 cn dng sn xut 5000kg PVC l A. 280kg. B. 1792kg. C. 2800kg. D. 179,2kg. Cu 74: t chy mt s mol nh nhau ca 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO2 nh nhau v t l s mol nc v CO2 i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5. CTPT ca K, L, M (vit theo th t tng ng) l A. C2H4 , C2H6 , C3H4. B. C3H8 , C3H4 , C2H4. C. C3H4 , C3H6 , C3H8. D. C2H2 , C2H4 , C2H6. Cu 75: Thi 0,25 mol kh etilen qua 125ml dung dch KMnO4 1M trong mi trng trung tnh(hiu sut 100%) khi lng etylenglicol thu c bng A. 11,625g. B. 23,25g. C. 15,5g. D. 31g. Cu 76: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en cn V lt kh C2H4 ( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 2,240. B. 2,688. C. 4,480. D. 1,344. Cu 77: Khi lng etilen thu c khi un nng 230g ru etylic vi H2SO4 m c, hiu sut phn ng t 40% l A. 56g. B. 84g. C. 196g. D. 350g. Cu 78: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Z, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10. Cu 79: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6. B. C4H8. C. C2H4. D. C5H10. Cu 80: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam. Cu 81: Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-1 (hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l A. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en). B. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en). C. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en). D. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en).

Songvachiendau82

Chatma@ymail.com
Cu 82: X l hn hp C4H8 v O2 (t l mol tng ng 1:10). t chy hon ton X c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua bnh H2SO4 c d c hn Z. T khi ca Z so vi hiro l A.18. B. 19. C. 20. D. 21. Cu 83: Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, c cha 1 vng 6 cnh v khng c cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i trong phn t vitamin A l A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 84: Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 l cht mu trong qu c chua, ch cha lin kt i v lin kt n trong phn t. Hiro ha hon ton licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen c A. 1 vng; 12 ni i. B. 1 vng ; 5 ni i. C. 4 vng; 5 ni i. D. mch h; 13 ni i. Cu 85: Anken X c c im: Trong phn t c 8 lin kt . CTPT ca X l A. C2H4. B. C4H8. C. C3H6. D. C5H10.

Songvachiendau82