Filtration P 2011annot

Motivation Aims and background Filtration description General ltration equation Summary
Filtration
Solid-Fluids Systems
E Ventura-Medina
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Outline
1 2 3
Motivation Aims and background Filtration description Using packed beds to model ltration General ltration equation Cake resistance dependence with pressure drop Constant pressure ltration Constant rate ltration Scale-up
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Applications
Physical separation of solids from the uid Dewatering of sludges Food processing
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Industrial Filter Press
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Objectives and prior knowledge I

This topic aims to: introduce the general ltration equation as a tool to describe ltration processes, introduce the concept of specic cake resistance and lter medium resistance and how to obtain theses parameters from laboratory ltration data, show the dependence of specic cake resistance with pressure drop changes, show calculations for ltration process operating under constant ltration rate and constant pressure drop, show calculations for ltration scale-up.
E Ventura-Medina Filtration
Objectives and prior knowledge II
Prior knowledge: uid ow through packed beds concept of driving force and rate changes concept of compressible/incompressible uids
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Using packed beds to model ltration
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
From a packed bed to a lter cake

Carman-Kozeny equation: P v (1 )2 = 150 2 L 3 dp for ltration we can write: Pc v (1 )2 2 = 1 asv L 3
L v Pc asv : : : = thickness of the cake velocity of ltrate based on the empty cross-sectional area Pressure drop across the cake 6/dp
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Pc = 1
v (1 )2 asv 2 L 3 Q 1 dV = A A dt 1 dV (1 )2 asv 2 L A dt 3
v =
Pc = 1
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration

Material balance of solids:
v (1 )2 asv 2 L Pc = 1 3 v = Q 1 dV = A A dt
LA(1 )p = C(V + LA)

p : C: density of the particles mass of solids per volume of liquid
LA
then
1 dV (1 )2 Pc = 1 asv 2 L A dt 3
L =
Cs V A(1 )p
Cs : mass of solids per volume of

E Ventura-Medina
ltrate Filtration
Filter cake resistance

Pc = can be written as 1 dV = A dt with = : specic cake resistance
Cs V 1 dV (1 )2 asv 2 1 A(1 )p A dt 3
Pc Cs V A
1 (1 )asv 2 p 3
Filter medium resistance
1 dV Pf = A dt Rm with Rm : resistance of the lter medium and pipes going in and out of the lter
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Cake resistance dependence with pressure drop Constant pressure ltration Constant rate ltration Scale-up
General ltration equation

1 dV = A dt where Cx V 1 mCx P Cs V + Rm A (1)
Cs V = Cx : m: :
mass fraction of solids in slurry mass ratio of wet cake to dry cake density of the ltrate
General ltration equation

1 dV = A dt where Cx V 1 mCx P Cs V + Rm A (1)
Cs V = Cx : m: :
mass fraction of solids in slurry mass ratio of wet cake to dry cake density of the ltrate
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Specic cake resistance

= 1 (1 )asv 2 p 3
It is a function of porosity and specic surface area of the solids asv It depends on the pressure of the system = 0 (P)s (2)
0 and s are empirical constants obtained by gathering data of vs. P = (P) = incompressible cake
Filtration
E Ventura-Medina

= 1 (1 )asv 2 p 3
Filtration
E Ventura-Medina

= 1 (1 )asv 2 p 3
Filtration
E Ventura-Medina
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Operation at constant pressure I

The general ltration equation: 1 dV = A dt P Cs V + Rm A
can be re-arrange when the pressure drop is constant so: dt Cs = 2 Rm V + dV A(P) A (P) integrating from initial time (t = 0, V = 0) to a given time (t, V )
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Operation at constant pressure II
dt
0
=
0
Cs V + Rm dV 2 (P) A(P) A
t V
Cs V + Rm 2 (P) 2 A(P) A
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Resistance for Constant pressure ltration I

Example A CaCO3 slurry in water at 298 K and concentration Cs = 23.47 kg/m3 is ltered in a plate-and-frame lter press with an area A=0.0439 m2 at constant pressure (P=338 kPa). Determine the specic cake resistance and the lter medium resistance Rm from the experimental data given below. t[s] V 103 [m3 ] t[s] V 103 [m3 ] 4.4 0.498 46.1 3.002 9.5 1.000 59.0 3.506 16.3 1.501 73.6 4.004 24.6 2.000 89.4 4.502 34.7 2.498 107.3 5.009
Resistance for Constant pressure ltration II

Finding t/V t[s] 4.4 9.5 16.3 24.6 34.7 46.1 59.0 73.6 89.4 107.3 V 103 [m3 ] 0.498 1.000 1.501 2.000 2.498 3.002 3.506 4.004 4.502 5.009
E Ventura-Medina
t/V 103 [s/m3 ] 8.84 9.50 10.86 12.30 13.89 15.36 16.83 18.38 19.86 21.42
Filtration
Resistance for Constant pressure ltration III

Plotting t/V versus V
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Resistance for Constant pressure ltration IV

From plot t/V versus V B= 6400 s/m3 Kp /2=3.00 106 s/m6 . therefore = 1.863 1011 m/kg
Rm = 10.63 1010 m1
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Operation at constant rate I

The general ltration equation: 1 dV = A dt P Cs V + Rm A
can be re-arrange when the rate of ltration is constant so: P = Cs dV A2 dt V + Rm dV A dt
can be written as
Operation at constant rate II
P = Kv V + C with Kv = Cs A2 dV dt ; C = Rm A dV dt
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Outline
1 2 3
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
From laboratory data to large scale
The lter cake resistance , can be considered constant if operating both lters (laboratory and large scale) at the same pressure. The lter medium resistance in many cases can be neglected or considered constant throughout a range of conditions if insufcient data is available Cake compressibility might be important and should be taken into account when possible.
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration
Summary
We have studied: the general ltration equation as a tool to describe ltration processes, the concept of specic cake resistance and lter medium resistance and how to obtain theses parameters from laboratory ltration data, the dependence of specic cake resistance with pressure drop changes, the calculations carried out for a ltration process under constant ltration rate and constant pressure drop. calculations that are carried out for ltration scale-up.
Background to revise
uid ow through packed beds concept of driving force and rate changes concept of compressible/incompressible uids
E Ventura-Medina
Filtration

Filtration P 2011annot

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Motivation Aims and background Filtration description General ltration equation Summary

Industrial Filter Press

Objectives and prior knowledge I

Objectives and prior knowledge II

Using packed beds to model ltration

Using packed beds to model ltration

From a packed bed to a lter cake

Using packed beds to model ltration

From a packed bed to a lter cake

Using packed beds to model ltration

From a packed bed to a lter cake

LA(1 )p = C(V + LA)

Cs : mass of solids per volume of

Using packed beds to model ltration

Filter cake resistance

Using packed beds to model ltration

Filter medium resistance

General ltration equation

General ltration equation

Specic cake resistance

Specic cake resistance

Specic cake resistance

Operation at constant pressure I

Operation at constant pressure II

Resistance for Constant pressure ltration I

Resistance for Constant pressure ltration II

Resistance for Constant pressure ltration III

Resistance for Constant pressure ltration IV

Operation at constant rate I

can be re-arrange when the rate of ltration is constant so: P = Cs dV A2 dt V + Rm dV A dt

Operation at constant rate II

From laboratory data to large scale

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