GENETICS TEST 1. Mendel obtained plants that were pure for particular traits by a.

growing plants from seeds of other plants that showed that trait b. allowing plants to self-pollinate for several generations c. discarding plants that showed other traits d. allowing plants to cross-pollinate for one generation 2. The appearance of an organism is its a. genotype b. phenotype c. genotype ratio d. phenotype ratio

3. A segment of DNA that controls a particular hereditary trait is called a(n) a. genotype b. heredity c. allele d. trait e. gene 4. An alternate form of a gene is called a(n) a. genotype b. heredity c. allele d. trait 5. The genetic makeup of an organism is called its a. genotype b. heredity c. allele d. trait e. gene e. phenotype

6. The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called a. homozygous dominant b. allele c. heredity d. genotype e. heterozygote 7. Having two similar, dominant alleles for a trait is called a. homozygous dominant b. monohybrid cross c. heterozygous d. phenotype e. genotype 8. An organism having two different alleles for a trait is called a. heterozygote b. homozygous dominant c. genotype d. monohybrid cross e. phenotype 9. Mendel called a trait that did not show in a hybrid a a. parental trait b. codominant trait c. dominant trait d. recessive trait e. None of the above. 10. The law of segregation states that, during meiosis, each pair of alleles a. stick together b. is tripled c. separates d. becomes pure-bred e. None of the above. 11. The law of independent assortment states what? a. Half of an organism's gametes have one allele per pair. b. One allele is always dominant. c. Gene pairs sort randomly and independently of each other. d. Gene pairs sort always in the same manner. e. None of the above. 12. A heterozygous individual would have the following genotype. a. yy b. GG c. Ww d. Any of the above. e. None of the above.

13. A homozygous individual would have the following genotype. a. Pp b. YY c. Zz d. None of the above. 14. Segregation of alleles occurs during a. mitosis b. meiosis c. fertilization 15. Punnett squares are grids that show a. the phenotypes of offspring b. all possible results of a genetic cross d. pollination c. actual results of a genetic cross d. only dihybrid crosses

16. In incomplete dominance, there are no a. genetic crossings c. dominant or recessive alleles b. homozygous phenotypes d. intermediate traits 17. The scientific study of heredity is called a. meiosis b. crossing-over c. genetics d. pollination

18. If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be a. homozygous for the trait c. haploid for the trait b. heterozygous for the trait d. mutated 19. Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness? a. T b. TT c. Tt d. tt 20. The principle that states that one factor may mask the effect of another factor is the principle of a. dominance b. recessiveness c. phenotypic d. genotypic e. None of the above. 21. When two different alleles occur together, the one that is expressed is called a. recessive b. phenotypic c. dominant d. superior 22. The probability of a coin toss yielding heads is a. 0.25 b. 0.50 c. 1.00 d. 0.00

23. When a cross between a red flower and a white flower yields pink offspring, the trait is a. dominate b. incompletely dominant b. recessive d. broken 24. The phenotype of an organism a. represents its genetic composition. b. reflects all the traits that are actually expressed. c. occurs only in dominant pure organisms. d. cannot be seen.

In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant over not having freckles (f). The inheritance of these traits can be studied using a Punnett square similar to the one shown below.

25. Refer to the illustration above. The genotype represented in box 1 in the Punnett square would a. be homozygous for freckles. b. have an extra freckles chromosome. c. be heterozygous for freckles. d. have freckles chromosomes. 26. Refer to the illustration above. The genotype in box 3 of the Punnett square is a. FF. b. ff. c. Ff. d. None of the above

27. Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype represented by box 1 is a. green, inflated. c. yellow, inflated. b. green, constricted. d. yellow, constricted. 28. Refer to the illustration above. The genotype represented by box 2 is a. GgIi. b. GI. c. GGIi. d. Gi.

In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Consider the following cross between two rabbits.

29. Refer to the illustration above. The device shown, which is used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses, is called a a. Mendelian box. c. genetic graph. b. Punnett square. d. phenotypic paradox. 30. Refer to the illustration above. Both of the parents in the cross are a. black. b. brown. c. homozygous dominant. recessive. d. homozygous

31. Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype of the offspring indicated by box 3 would be a. brown. b. black. c. a mixture of brown and black. d. The phenotype cannot be determined. 32. Refer to the illustration above. The genotypic ratio of the F1 generation would be a. 1:1. b. 1:3. c. 3:1. d. 1:2:1.

33. Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype represented by box 1 is a. round, yellow. c. wrinkled, yellow. b. round, green. d. wrinkled, green. 34. Refer to the illustration above. The genotype represented by box 2 is a. RRYY. b. RrYy. c. RrYY. d. rrYy. 35. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following boxes represents the same phenotype as box 7? a. 3 b. 5 c. 4 d. 6

36. The primary function of DNA in cells is to a. serve as a storage form for unused nucleotides b. occupy space in the nucleus to keep the nucleus from collapsing c. store information that tells the cells what to do d. serve as a template for making long, spiral carbohydrates 37. a. 38. a. 39. a. b. c. d. According to base-pair rules, guanine binds with cytosine b. adenine c. thymine d. guanine

A trait whose expression is affected by the presence of sex hormones is said to be sex-influenced b. autosomal c. X-linked d. Y-linked In a pedigree chart, which is correct? Circles = males; Squares = females A line between a circle and a square represents a mating. A carrier with a normal phenotype is represented by a black circle or square. Offspring are represented by triangles. d. a female allele

40. In a pedigree, a shaded circle or square indicates a person who has a. an allele for a trait only. b. the trait as well as its allele. c. a male allele.

1 2

41. a. 42. a. 43. a. 44. a.

Refer to the pedigree above. This trait is lethal b. dominant c. recessive Refer to the pedigree above. The genotype for 2 is AA b. aa c. Aa Refer to the pedigree above. The genotype for 1 is AA b. aa c. Aa d. XY

d. curable d. XX

A man and a woman have the same genotype for a particular trait, yet only one of them expresses that trait. This evidence suggests that the trait is sex-linked b. polygenic c. autosomal d. multiple-alleled

45.

If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 40% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be expected a.10% b. 20% c. 40% d. 80% The Human Genome Project was begun in 1988 by scientists from 13 nations as a worldwide effort to understand the sequencing of all of the DNA in the human body. What is one potential scientific benefit of this research? a. It will help explain cultural differences. b. It helps classify man most accurately in the animal kingdom. c. It helps find the genes responsible for many diseases. d. It will create communication between research centers. A dominant sex-linked disorder is on the X chromosome. If mother is heterozygous XAXa for the trait, and father has the disorder XAY, then a. All male children will have the disorder. b. All female children will have the disorder. c. All male AND female children will have the disorder. d. All female and half of the male children will have the disorder. The backbone of DNA is made up of sugar and: A. phosphate B. oxygen C. ribose D. water DNA is located in the A. cytoplasm B. ribosomes Name this molecule : C. mitochondria D. nucleus

46.

47.

48. 49. 50.

a. b. c. d.

deoxynucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid denatured ribonucleic acid deoxygenated riboflavin acid

51. 52.

Is the pedigree below autosomal or X-linked? Please explain Is the pedigree below dominant or recessive? Please explain.

53. Draw a pedigree that represents Mary married to Greg, with 2 sons and 1 daughter. Their son, Scott, married April and had Sutton (a boy) and Kendall (a girl). Their daughter, Karen, married Harry and had Eliq (a son) and Tariq (a son). Please label the pedigree with the names of the people. 54. In garden peas, round seed coats (R) is dominant over wrinkled seed coats (r). a) Construct & complete a punnett square. b) What will the results be of a cross between a homozygous dominant male and a recessive female. 55. In peas, yellow color (Y) is dominant to green (y). a) Construct & complete a punnett square. b) What will be the results of a cross-pollination of a heterozygous female and a heterozygous male?

The following Punnett squares show the results of four different crosses Gregor Mendel made with pea plants. In this case, Mendel was looking at flower color with Red (R) being dominant over white (r). For each of the results listed below, write down which cross (Punnett Square #1, #2, #3, or #4) applies.
1. R r Rr r Rr R Rr Rr 2. R R R RR RR r Rr Rr 3. R r R RR Rr r Rr rr 4. R r Rr r Rr r rr rr

56. He crossed a red flowered plant with a white flowered plant. His results were 126 red flowering plants and 122 white flowered plants. Which Punnett Square applies? 57. He crossed a red flowered plant with a white flowered plant. His results were 307 red flowering plants and 0 white flowered plants. Which Punnett Square applies? 58. He crossed a red flowered plant with a red flowered plant. His results were 306 red flowering plants and 110 white flowered plants. Which Punnett Square applies? 59. He crossed a red flowered plant with a red flowered plant. His results were 300 red flowering plants and 0 white flowered plants. Which Punnett Square applies? IN PEAS: R = round r=wrinkled T= tall t = short Y = yellow peas y = green peas P = purple flowers p = white flowers RRYy X rrYy

60. Create a punnett square for the following cross: How many peas will be Round and Green?

61. Create a punnet square for a cross between a heterozygous tall, heterozygous purple parent with another parent of the same genotype. How many peas will be Short and Purple?

GENETICS TEST Answer Sheet 51.

NAME: TEST #:

52.

53.

54. a.

b.

55. a.

b.

56.

57. 58. 59.

60. a.

b.

61. a.

b.