Sisteme de Comunicatii Mobile (SCMB) - curs 9 -

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EDGE

Principii Scheme de codare Parametri QoS

Introducere in 3G

Familia IMT 2000 Servicii WCDMA

Evolutia 2G > 3G
2+ = GSM Phase 2+ HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data GPRS = General Packet Radio System EDGE = Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

EDGE - caracteristici

Modificarea interfetei radio pastrand TDMA Se introduce modulatia 8-PSK (3 bit/simbol) Se combina cu operarea multislot Variante de EDGE:
E-GPRS E-CSD

Debit maxim teoretic: 384 Kbps

Debit

mediu: 100 Kbps / User

EDGE scheme de codare

MCS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Modulation GMSK GMSK GMSK GMSK 8PSK 8PSK 8PSK 8PSK 8PSK Code rate .53 .66 .80 1 .37 .49 .76 .92 1 User Rate/TS 8.8 kbps 11.2 kbps 14.8 kbps 17.6 kbps 22.4 kbps 29.6 kbps 44.8 kbps 54.4 kbps 59.2 kbps

EDGE performante (1)

Debit in functie de raportul semnal / zgomot

60 throughput per timeslot [kbps]

50
40 30 20 10 0 0

10

15

20 25 30 SNR [dB]

35

40

45

EDGE performante (2)

DOCUMENTTYPE TypeUnitOrDepartmentHere TypeYourNameHere

1 (1)

Parametri QoS
Conversational RT - guaranteed capacity - no ARQ Streaming RT

TypeDateHere

Traffic class

Interactive NRT -best effort - ARQ - interactive WWW, Telnet, - RT control channel 2s

Background NRT -best effort - ARQ - background download of emails, calendar events, etc. N/A

- guaranteed capacity - ARQ (MAC level) - Add. Buffering in application <1s 10 , 10 , 10 , 10

8 -5 -6 -7 -

Delay BER Max bitrate

100ms, 200ms, 400ms -3 -4 -5 10 , 10 , 10 Guaranteed

< 10

-9

< 10

-9

Service precedence

High, medium, low

Guaranteed bit rate is guaranteed, not the maximum High, medium, low

Not guaranteed

Not guaranteed

High, medium, low

High, medium, low

3G Origini, motivatie

Previziuni 2015: 3 miliarde abonati mobili, venituri estimate la 350 miliarde $ Motivatie: creste utilizarea serviciilor mobile de date Problema: incompatibilitatea sistemelor 2G:

PDC (Personal Digital Cellular), PHS (Personal Handyphone System) Japonia AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service), IS-136 (DAMPS), IS-95 (cdmaOne) America, Asia GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Europa, Asia, America

IMT 2000

Necesitati: un standard unic Problema: interesele economice diverse! ITU (International Telecommunication Union) propune familia de standarde IMT 2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications) - un membru al familiei:

Ofera roaming altor membri Serviciile respecta niste capabilitati standard

Capabilitati IMT 2000

Acces wireless mobil si fix prin retele diverse la debite 144K, 384K, 2M Roaming global Interoperare cu 2G Operare in mod pachet sau circuit Negocierea QoS VHE (Virtual Home Environment) portabilitate servicii/preferinte peste retele/terminale diverse

Interfete IMT 2000

UIM (User Identity Module) MT MT RAN (Radio Access Network), bazata pe WCDMA, TDD/FDD RAN CN (Core Network) NNI (Network to Network Interface), intre diferite CN

Sisteme 3G

Tendinta 1, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), GSM -> UMTS Tendinta 2, 3GPP2, IS-95 -> Cdma 2000

Benzi rezervate IMT 2000:

1885-2025

MHz, 2110-2200 MHz 806-960 MHz, 1710-1885 MHz, 2500-2690 MHz

Servicii 3G - domenii

UMTS - Acoperire

UMTS Retea acces si nucleu

CORE (IP, ATM, SDH, DWDM, etc.)

BRAN (Broadband Radio Access Network)

802.11

SRAN (Satellite Radio Access Network)

UTRAN (Univ. Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

WCDMA

Arhitectura UMTS coexistenta cu 2G

WCDMA UTRAN

NEW !
MSC/VLR
HLR

Circuit Core

NEW !
Multimedia Service Control (IPTelephony) SGW PSTN/ ISDN MGW

WCDMA/IPT Mobile

BS BS BS BS

Iub

RNC Iur RNC

GMSC
SCP
CSCF

BS BS BS BS

Abis BSC BSC

IP transport option for SS7

MGCF

EDGE (GSM) BSS

Iu
EDGE/IPT Mobile

3G-SGSN

GGSN

NEW !

Packet Core (GPRS) with real time services

Internet

UMTS Release 2000

Arhitectura UMTS
RNC 3G-MSC PSTN/N-ISDN

CS Domain
Node B Iub Iur Iu Inter-PLMN Backbone Network Gn Gi Gn PS Domain Corporate 2 Router LAN 3G-SGSN MAP Iu
DX 200

PDE
C L A

ETC ETC

ETC ETC

HLR/AuC EIR
DX 200

G S W G S W

G S W G S W

ETC ETC

PDE
C L A

ETC ETC

ETC ETC

ETC ETC

ETC ETC

G S W G S W

G S W G S W

ETC ETC

ETC ETC

ETC ETC

SS7 Network
Router

Server Corporate 1 LAN Server

Border Gateway Firewall

3G-GGSN

Inter-PLMN Backbone Network

Gp

Firewall

IP

Data Network (Internet)

UTRA - Reteaua de acces radio terestra 3G

UTRA alocare spectru

TDD UL/DL

FDD / UL W-CDMA 1920

MSS UL 1980

TDD UL/DL

FDD / DL W-CDMA 2110 2170

MSS DL 2200
MHz

1900

2010 2025

MSS Mobile Satellite System

UTRA: FDD versus TDD

frequency

Frequency division duplex (FDD) (Full duplex in analog systems) time

frequency

Time division duplex (TDD) (Half duplex in analog systems) time

Caracteristici WCDMA FDD/TDD

UTRA FDD Technical summary

Frequency band:1920 MHz -1980 MHz and 2110 MHz - 2170 MHz (Frequency Division Duplex) UL and DL Minimum frequency band required: ~ 2x5MHz Frequency re-use: 1 Carrier Spacing: 4.4MHz - 5.2 MHz Maximum number of (voice) channels on 2x5MHz: ~196 (spreading factor 256 UL, AMR 7.95kbps) / ~98 (spreading factor 128 UL, AMR 12.2kbps) Voice coding: AMR codecs (4.75 kHz - 12.2 kHz, GSM EFR=12.2 kHz) and SID (1.8 kHz) Channel coding: Convolutional coding, Turbo code for high rate data Duplexer needed (190MHz separation), Asymmetric connection supported Tx/Rx isolation: MS: 55dB, BS: 80dB Receiver: Rake Receiver sensitivity: Node B: -121dBm, Mobile -117dBm at BER of 10-3 Data type: Packet and circuit switch Modulation: QPSK Pulse shaping: Root raised cosine, roll-off = 0.22 Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps Channel raster: 200 kHz Maximum user data rate (Physical channel): ~ 2.3Mbps (spreading factor 4, parallel codes (3 DL / 6 UL), 1/2 rate coding), but interference limited. Maximum user data rate (Offered): 384 kbps (year 2002), higher rates ( ~ 2 Mbps) in the near future. HSPDA will offer data speeds up to 8-10 Mbps (and 20 Mbps for MIMO systems) Channel bit rate: 5.76Mbps Frame length: 10ms (38400 chips) Number of slots / frame: 15 Number of chips / slot: 2560 chips Handovers: Soft, Softer, (interfrequency: Hard) Power control period: Time slot = 1500 Hz rate Power control step size: 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 dB (Variable) Power control range: UL 80dB, DL 30dB Mobile peak power: Power class 1: +33 dBm (+1dB/-3dB) = 2W; class 2 +27 dBm, class 3 +24 dBm, class 4 +21 dBm Number of unique base station identification codes: 512 / frequency Physical layer spreading factors: 4 ... 256 UL, 4 ... 512 DL

UTRA TDD Technical Summary

Frequency band:1900 MHz -1920 MHz and 2010 MHz - 2025 MHz (Time Division Duplex) Unpaired, channel spacing is 5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz. Tx and Rx are not separated in frequency, but by guard period. Minimum frequency band required: ~ 5MHz, ~ 1.6MHz with 1.28 Mcps Frequency re-use: 1 Voice coding: AMR (and GSM EFR) codec Channel coding: Convolutional coding, Turbo code for high rate data TDMA frame consist of 15 timeslots Each time slot can be transmit of receive Duplexer not needed Asymmetric connection supported Data by packet and circuit switch QPSK modulation Receiver: Joint Detection, (mobile: Rake) Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps or 1.28 Mcps Channel raster: 200 kHz Maximum RF ch bit rate (kbps): ~ 3.3Mbps (1/2 rate coding, spreading factor 1, 15 timeslots, ex overheads), but interference limited Frame length: 10ms Number of slots / frame: 15 Handovers: Hard Power control period: 100 Hz or 200 Hz UL, ~ 800 Hz DL Power control step size: 1, 2, 3 dB (Variable) Power control range: UL 65dB, DL 30dB Mobile peak power: Power class 1: +33 dBm (+1dB/-3dB) = 2W; class 2 +27 dBm, class 3 +24 dBm, class 4 +21 dBm Number of unique base station identification codes: 512/frequency Physical layer spreading factors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

CDMA, WCDMA

Tehnica de acces multiplu (mai multe MS utilizeaza resurse radio in comun), cu multiplexare in cod W wide band, sugereaza largirea mai mare a benzii CDMA Un anumit numar de semnale CDMA sunt emise in aceeasi banda

Un receptor CDMA extrage semnalul dorit folosind acelasi cod utilizat la emisie Restul semnalelor sunt eliminate datorita corelatiei slabe intre codurile diferite utilizate le emisie (coduri ortogonale)

WCDMA - principiu

WCDMA Coduri OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)

Generarea codurilor ortogonale arbore de coduri, nivel SF (spreading factor - n) maxim 512

Exemple utilizare: SF = 4 -> date la 2Mbps, SF = 128 -> voce la 12,2Kbps SF = 512 -> semnalizari, SMS la 1,7 Kbps

Proprietatile de corelatie ale codurilor CDMA

Coduri - secvente binare de lungime identica Intercorelatia RS,T : masoara gradul de asemanare intre 2 secvente binare S, T (nr. asemanari nr. diferente)
RS ,T (i ) ( 1)
j 0 N 1 Si Ti j

Pentru codurile CDMA cerintele sunt:

Autocorelatia RS(i) este maxima pentru i = 0 si de valoare mica sau negativa in rest (0 pentru familii de coduri ortogonale) Intercorelatia intre 2 coduri diferite este de valoare mica sau negativa (0 pentru familii de coduri ortogonale)

Utilizarea codurilor OVSF

Semnalul de date este codat NRZ (1:1, 0:-1) Codul de adaptare la canal (channelisation code) are o perioada mai mica -> creste debitul/banda (chip rate) Al doilea nivel de codare (scrambling code) asigura un caracter pseudo-aleator Se utilizeaza secvente de lungimea unui cadru radio (10 ms 38400 chips)

WCDMA imprastierea spectrului

WCDMA lantul de transmisie, interferente

CDMA versus TDMA

Emitator CDMA schema de principiu

WCDMA spreading/despreading

WCDMA receptia in conditii de zgomot provenit de la alte MS

Bibliografie

Comunicatii mobile. Evolutia spre 3G, Autor:Sorina Zahan, Editura:Albastra Gsm, Gprs and Edge Performance: Evolution Toward 3G/Umts de Timo Halonen, Javier Romero Garcia, Juan Melero