page 366) yields (x 3 4) dx = 4 4x + C. page 366)+ 1 4x + C. page 366) yields (x 4) dx = 4 4x + C.

+ C. n yields (x 4) dx = 4 It is strongly recommended that you always check the correctness of your an44 x4 = 4x + C. tiderivatives (indenite integrals) youdifferentiation. the correctness of you from It is strongly recommended that by always check This will prevent your anIt is always recommended that you your check 4 It is strongly recommended that you strongly check the correctness ofalwaysanIt is strongly recommended that you always check the correctness your an- the correctness of you check It is strongly (indenite integrals)you differentiation. the correctness ofyourfrom making errors,recommended thattiderivatives (indenite integrals) byof you ndtiderivatives and it will also help you to better understand the process of anby always This will prevent differentiation. This will prevent you tiderivatives (indenite integrals) by differentiation. Thiswill prevent youfrom tiderivatives (indenite will from tiderivatives integrals. integrals) by differentiation. ing indenite (indenite integrals) by differentiation. This will prevent you from hat you always check the correctness of your also help you errors, and it This also prevent you better understand the process of an- making to better understand the processto ndmaking errors, and it will also help you to better understand the process of nderrors, and it will will help you of ndmaking errors, and it will also help you to better understand the process of ndmaking errors, and it will also help you to better understand the process of making als) by differentiation. This will prevent you from ing indenite integrals. ing indenite integrals. 4 n+1 ing indenite xintegrals. 4x3 ing indeniteintegrals. ing indenite integrals. of ndd help you to better understand the process as0x3 4 x0 4 nusing xn+14. = x n 3Writing x3 4x4 C = 6.2.40 +C Check: 6.2.40 Writing x 4 4 4 +x using and+dx = 4 3x dx+ C as x3 and x 0= x (Table 6.1,(Table 6.1, 3 4 4x33 n + 1 4x3 dx x44 43 d x4 d x n3 + 1 3 3 4x Check: d 3 x C = Check: + x d x 4x +4C = 4x 4 4 + 0 = x 4. 3 4x 3 Check: d Check: dx x 4x + C = 4x 44+ 00=4x33 4.+ C = 4 4 + 0 = x 4. Check: (x 4 4x +C = +4 + = x 4. page 366) page 366) yields (x= 4x3/244 4 dx 0 C. x 4. yields 3 44 dx4x + 4) dx = 4C. 4x + = 4) dx dx 2 4 dxx + 2x 4x3 4 x 4 1/2 x3/2 1/2 = 4 + 0 = x3 6.2.46 dx = 4. + x dx = 3/2 3/2 x2 + 2x x23/2dx + xx dx = 2 3/2 3/2 2 x22 +x2x x23/2 3/2 3/2 4 x 2 recommended x 3/2you always It strongly + 2x1/2+1= that6.2.46 1/2 dx = x3/2 dx + x1/2 x your anthe 3/2 x + 2x + that x 5/2 1/2 3/2 correctness of your 1/2 dx = x It is stronglyisrecommended2x dx you always + x1/2 the check dx =correctness of 1/2 dx = x dx + x1/2 dx = check anx x x +x x 1/2 + 6.2.46 3/2+1 x dx = 1/2 1/2 6.2.46 dx 1 x 6.2.46 2 2 C Thisdx+ 2 x1/2 dx 2 + +1/2 dx =x 2 dx + from you 2+ x dx 6.2.46x tiderivatives 2integrals)=integrals) by x 2x dx+= (Check will preventdx== from (indenite + C =22 + x differentiation. 22 dxbyyou xx dx = tiderivatives (indenite2 x dx =by differentiation. This=will prevent+ differentiation.) = x3/2 3/2 2 5 2 x 1/2+1 3/2 3/2+1 5/2 3/2 21 and3/2+12 xalso1/2+1 you to betterx3/2+1 3/2 it will and1/2+1 also help you to33/2 + 1 x x1/2+1 1/2ithelp += 1 1/2 1/2 1/2+1 5/2 understand the process ofx5/2 3/2 1 x 1 x3/2+1 x5/2 2xbetter understand nd- of + x making = makingdx + dx errors, x3/2+1 5/2 3/2 xerrors, x dxwill x x 2x x5/2 + 2x3/2 + C (Check Cthe process2x nd=1 x 2 = indenite + x + + =x C + + C + 1 + by = 5 + 3 differentiation.) = 1integrals.1integrals. 1 + C = = 2 + 2x3 1 + C (Check by differentiation.) + C (Check by differentiation = 2223/2 + 11+ 1/2 + 11 + C = 55 + + + C (Check by differentiation.) 3/2 + + 1/2 + + C = 5 3/2 33 + 1/2(Checkby differentiation.) ing ing indenite2 3/2 + 1/2 + 2 3/2 + 1 5 3 x5/2 2x3/2 6.2.58 In Table 1/2 + 1see ex dx = ex + C. Thus we suspect that the answer 6.1 we = + + C (Check by differentiation.) 3 5 3 x 3x d Table By 4x see exRule= exx+ C. Thus get suspect that=theanswer x4 . 6.1 we Chain x dx In+ C. 6.1 we d e that e3. answer d will 4containTable 6.1 we3see ee6.2.58(pageTable3Thuswe see e3x x dx 3xthexanswerThus we suspect that the an x 6.2.58 4x Table6.1we C 4 +4xdx=3 e+4. 195)Thuswe suspect= thatthe answer In Table 6.1 the see =exxdx =ee + = xThus we suspect that the + C. 6.2.58 suspect e Thus x 6.2.58 In e 4x + 6.2.58 In Check: Check: In + C = we see 0dx x 4 0 C. we4. wedx = = x + C. d 3x d 3x 4 contain e3x . By the Chain Rule3x dx 4 dx 243x 4 3x dd 3x 3x will contain e3x ... By the Chain Rule (page 195) we get e3x = e3x 3. Thus contain 3x By the Chain Rule will contain e3x . + the Chain Rule (page 195) contain By the Chain differentiation. 3. 195) 3x = 3x 3. Thus 3x ex dx = ex + C. Thus wedx = eeethat the answer byRule (page 195) we get d ee3x = ee (pageThus we get dx e = e 3. will 3x suspect 3x ByC. Check will (page 195) we get 2e will dx dx dx 2 3/2 d 3x 3 2x 2e3x dx x 2 e3x 3x C. Check by 2e3x dx = 2 e3x x x 2e 3x dx e3x2 ee3x + C. Check by differentiation. x3/2 Check by 1/2 + 2x = + 3x + x C. Thus by differentiation. x differentiation. n Rule (page 195) we2e3x dx =2 22=3xe+ 3/23.Check 3/2 differentiation. + C.1/2 get 6.2.46 dx ==33e + C. + x1/2 bydx = 1/2 dxdx+ x dxdx = x dx = +x + 2e dx = dx = Check differentiation. 6.2.46 dx 3 3= 42 x 1 2 23 x 2 2 2 x 6.2.86 3/2+1 x2 16 5/2 (x + 4)(x 4),3/2 2 Write = then dx = dx by differentiation. 1 xx1/2+1 x1/2+1 x5/2 2x 1 x3/2+1 x 2x3/2 x 4 16 4x 1 4 = (x + 4)(x x + then x x 2 (Check by differentiation.) x 114 =6.2.86 Write+2C 16 = + = 6.2.86 (Checkxby differentiation.) 4), + = + +C 16 1 11+x22=16 5= (x + 4)(x + 4), then C 4 x2 16 + C + 4)(x 4), then (x dx = 1 dx dx 6.2.86 Write x= ln= (x +34)(x 4), then differentiation = Write x1/2 + 1= (x + 4)(x 4), then x2 16dx = 16 |x + 4| + C. Write dx (using xChain x2 16 dx = dx 5 Check by 3 2 3/2 =2 3/2Write +6.2.861/2+ dx 1 6.2.86 + x+ 2 the + 44 2 x2 16 x+4 x2 16 x + x 1 4 x + 4 dx = 1 dx 1 1 1 dx + 4)(x 4), then Rule, page 195): = ln |x x4|= Check dx = ln |x + 4| (using Check by differentiation (using the C = x x = x dx = 2 6.1 1Table = xlnsee+ 4|++C. Thus webyThus we suspect + C. the Chain x 4 6.2.58 In6.2.58 16 + 4dx 6.1ewe+|x + 4|x +C.= CheckC.suspect that the answerthe answer Table In we see = ln |x + e + C. Check by differentiation (using the Chain dx = e dx C. ex + 4 by differentiation that = x + 4 dx = ln |x + 4| + C. Check by differentiation (using the Chain x+4 d 1 Rule, page 1 d x+4 Rule, Rule, ln |x + 3x . + C) Rule (page 195) we 195): e3x = d 3. Thus 4| + C. Check by differentiation195):Bythe Chain 4Rule (page+ 4 . we get e3x e3x = e3x 3. Thus Rule, page e 4| Rule, page 195): will contain d( pagethe(using the x + d 1 = x get e3x By Chain = Chain 195) will contain195): dx . page 195): d ( ln |x + 4| + C) = 11 ( ln |x 11 4|.+ C) = dx 1 1 = 1 . d 1 d2( ln |x + 4| + C) = 1 11= 1 dx = + . 1 3x dx( ln |x + 4| + C) = x + 4 1 = x + 4 2 ( ln |x + 4| + C) = 1= x+4 4 2e1 dx = 2ee3xdx C. CheckTable 6.1 + 4dx dx 3x + = e3xat by differentiation. that the answer will contain 4x . x +the x + 4 differentiation. + C. Check bysuspect x + 4 . dx dx x we x+4 6.2.92 Looking By 3 3 1= . x +4 x + 4 Chain Rule we getat d 4x = ln(4)suspect (1). Thus x dxwe suspect+. C. the answer will contain 4x . B x that the 6.2.92 Looking at Table 6.1 we6.2.92 Looking answer will contain 44xthat the Looking at Table 6.1 we suspect that the at Table will contain x . By the Table 6.1 we suspect that the answer 6.1 = 4 x By x 4x . By the 4 4 6.2.92 Looking at Table 6.2.92 6.2.92 Looking dx 4 x answerx contain 4x 1 4 x x 1 lnx 4 d will 4x x d x 2 2 +d4)(x 4), then x 6.2.86theWrite x will contain 4d .4x (x + 4)(x Rule we get 2 4 4 dx = 4 + C. Thus 4x dx = 6.2.86 16 we (x 16 = = ln(4) 4 4),2(1). dx = x= ln(4) dx Write dx +C 4 ChainRule wexget d 4x = ln(4) 4x (1). Thus 4 xdx = 4 4 +(1). Rule = get x x the Chain x then Thus x we suspect that answer Rule we get dx4 By= ln(4) 4x (1). Thus 4 dx + ln 4+ C. Chain Rule we get 16 xdx 16 dx = x= Chain 4 x+4 ln 4 Chain dx ln 4 C. x 1 rewrite x integrand as dx the 4 dx ln 4 16.2.96 We n(4) 4x= (1). Thus 4= lndx + 4| + C. + 4| + C. differentiation (using the (using the Chain dx = C. |x = + |x Check by = dx We rewrite lnintegrand as Checkrewrite the integrand as by differentiation Chain 6.2.96 We ln 4 6.2.96 + the 1 x +6.2.96 xWe 4 4 1 6.2.96 We rewrite the integrand as rewrite 6.2.96 We rewrite the integrand as Rule, pageRule, page 195): the integrand = x1/2 + ex/2 . 195): + 1 1 1 ex nd as d 1 1/2 1/2 x/2 d 1 1x1 1 11 + x/2 . 1 ( ln |x + (+ C) + 4| + C) = 1 + 1 == x1/2 + ee . . x + x = x 4| ln |x = + .x = x = 1/2 .+ x/2 e = x1/2 + ex/2 . 1/2). In regards to the e 1 6.1 (withx/2 xup4in Table x + 4 x + 4x + e The n= dx x be dx rst term can + 4lookedx x ex x+ 1 ex 1 x/2 + x = x1/2 + esecond term see the example 2x/2 dx solved in the class and apply the same . x e 6.2.92 LookingAltogether weTable 6.1 we suspect that the answer will contain 4x1 By the Table 6.1 get 6.2.92 atLooking atwe suspect that the answer will contain 4 . By the . idea. 11 1 x d x 4 d 4x x Chain Rule we get (1). Thus 4x dx 4 1 Chain Rule 4 get x4= ln(4) 4x (1). Thus= x dx+ C. we = ln(4) 1 4 = + C. 1 dx dx + ln 4 dx = 2x1/2 2ex/2ln 4C. + x ex 6.2.96 We rewriteWe rewrite the as 6.2.96 the integrand integrand as 1 1 1/2 /3 1 x 1 + ex/2 /3 6.2.106 /3 cos(x/2)= = [4 sin(x/2)]. + ex/2 . 2 x + xdx + x = x1/2 = 4(sin(/6) sin(/6)) /3 e x e = 4(1/2 (1/2)) = 4. Please review the trigonometric functions (Chapter 1). 1 1 6.2.110 The indenite integral can be looked up in Table 6.1.

4 dx = [4 tan1 x]1 3 = (4 tan1 (1)) (4 tan1 ( 3)) 1 + x2 = 4 4 = 4 3 3

6.2.112 By Table 6.1

idea. Altogether we get 1 1 = 4[ + dx = 2x1/2 2ex/2 + C. y + ] 4 x ex 3

y=

/3 /3 6.2.106 /3 2 cos(x/2) dx = [4 sin(x/2)]/3 = 4(sin(/6) sin(/6)) 1 2 1 = 4(1/2 (1/2)) = 4. Please reviewdx trigonometric functions (Chapter 1). the y=
0

6.2.110 The indenite integral can be looked up in Table 6.1.

1
1 4 2 = [arcsin 1 x = dx = y[4 tan1 x2x]0 3 3 1(4 tan1 (1)) (4 tan1 ( 3)) x] 1 + x2 = [2x ]0 2 3 = 4 1 4 = 1 4 3 3 = [2 ]

1 x2

y= 2 3 6 6.2.112 7 1/2 = 1 1 1/2 6.2.112 2 By= 2 sin1 (x) Table 6.1 6 = 2 sin ( 2 ) 2 sin1 ( 1 ) = + = 2 2 3 3 3 1/2 1x2 Thus the total1area is ( 21/2 + ( 2 1) = 2( 2 1). 1) 3 dx =6 [3 sin1 x]1 = 3(/2 (/2)) = 3. 1 2 1 tan(2x) mandatory.) One x3 2 save computing the 1 (Studying = 14 Side1 remark:1 1 2xy this2part is not dx can (4 )dx + (4 x 0)dx = 4x ln |x| + 4x = . 6.3.8 integral by observing that the region in question 3 symmetric about the x 3 second is 1 1/4 1 1/4 t = cos(2x) x = /4, which implies that the areas of the two parts must be the same. To dt = 2 sin(2x)dx line 6.3.8 Please start by graphing the region. Using the hint from the class, the cos x > sin ) prove the symmetry one has to showhavex be(0, cos(/2x) for all xc [0, /2]. region consists of two parts which that sin x = 4 to treated separately. Let denote the 6 sin(2x) y a This can be /4of the point at whichwith curves/4 /2 xWe have sin c recalling shown using= triangle thedx angles x, x-coordinate intersect. and /2 and = cos c. 0 cos(2x) 2 the denitions (cos x sin x)dx = sin xx+Thisxpart = (which holds is not required of sin the relation Marker: cos Substituting this into , cos . sin +cos 2 x = of the 1. 1 2 solution for all x) yields 0 for fullcmarks. so sin c = 2/2. In the interval [0, /2] the only solution is 2 sin2 = 01 and c = /4. Thus the area of x = rst= 1 is [0, ] the 0,x sin t part 2 6.3.14 Please start by graphing the region. The area is /4 ,t = 1 /2 1 /2 1 1 x x = 6 = dx 2 cos x y = x]/4 (cossin sin x) x += [sin x 2+ cos 1. = 2 1 (1 y x)dx = ln |y| 0 dy 2 = ln(2) 3/8. 0 0 02 y 1/2 1/2 and the area of the second part is 1 2 1 /2 6.3.18 y= y y = x2 , = (x dt 2 , y = 0 2) /2 (sin x cos x)1dx2t [ cos x sin x]/4 = 2 1. = /4 (a)
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t 7

0 < x < 12. 2 ln(t) 2 y = [ ] 2 1

t
y = x2 andy = (x 2)2 ln(2) y = [ 0] 2 x2 = (x 2)2
8 9 10 11 12

(b)

x2 = x2 4x + 4

t dt. 6 0 x=1 The geometric interpretation is the signed area between the graph of y = cos t 6 12 and the x-axis in the region 0 x t. Since cos t dt = 0 (verify!), 6 1 2 0 Area biomass + x2 during the2)2 dxinterval [0, 12] is zero. In other (x time the cumulative change of= 0 1 words, the value of the biomass at t = 12 is equal to the value at time t = 0, which
t

The cumulative change of biomass during the time interval [0, t] is

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, = 4 Publishing as Prentice Hall. 4x Inc.

cos

6.3.14 Please start by graphing the region. The area is 1 1 1 y2 y dy = ln |y| = ln(2) 3/8. y 2 1/2 1/2 6.3.18 (a)
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t 7 8 9 10 11 12

(b)

t dt. 6 0 The geometric interpretation is the signed area between the graph of y = cos t 6 12 and the x-axis in the region 0 x t. Since cos t dt = 0 (verify!), 6 0 the cumulative change of biomass during the time interval [0, 12] is zero. In other words, the value of the biomass at t = 12 is equal to the value at time t = 0, which is B(0) = B0 .
t

The cumulative change of biomass during the time interval [0, t] is

cos