SHT Respi Problems

SHT Respi Problems
2/9/12 12:24 AM
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Problems with Bad Breath? Find Out More About Bad Breath at the Colgate Oral Care Center. www.colgate.ph/BadBreath The Body Forum Create a positive self image Dress using an Intelligent Wardrobe www.body-forum.co.uk asthma clinical trials Diagnostic Devices for Asthma COPD Clinical Trials and Telemedicine www.spirometry.com Respiratory Gated microCT Software solution for preclinical imaging. Works with all scanners. www.respgate.com
Specific Obectives
Contents I. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiratory System, are organs that deliver oxygen to the circulatory system for transport to all body cells. Oxygen is essential for cells, which use this vital substance to liberate the energy needed for cellular activities. In addition to supplying oxygen, the respiratory system aids in removing of carbon dioxide, preventing the lethal buildup of this waste product in body tissues. Day-in and day-out, without the prompt of conscious thought, the respiratory system carries out its life-sustaining activities. If the respiratory systems tasks are interrupted for more than a few minutes, serious, irreversible damage to tissues occurs, followed by the failure of all body systems, and ultimately, death. Parts and functions Upper Airway a. Nose - Air breathed in through the nose is warmed, moistened and filtered b. Pharynx - muscular passageway about 13 cm long . commonly called the throat, the pharynx serves as the common passageway for food and air. It is continuous with the nasal cavity anteriorly via the internal nares. c. Larynx or voice box. Routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech. It is formed by 8 rigid hyalene cartilages and a spoon shape flap of elastic cartilage. Lower Airway a. Trachea (windpipe)- air enters the the trachea from the larynx travel down to its length (10-12 cm). the trachea is fairly rigid because its walls are reinforced with C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. These ring serve as a double purpose. The open part of the rings above the esophagus and allow it to expand anteriorly when we swallow a large piece of food. The solid portions support the trachea walls and keep it patent, or open in spite of the pressure changes. b. Bronchi the right and left main bronchi are formed by the division of the trachea. The right main bronchus is wider, straighter and shorter than the left. Consequently it is the more common site for an inhaled foreign object to become lodge. By the time incoming air reaches the bronchi, it is warm, cleansed of most impurities and well humidified. c. Bronchioles- smaller subdivisions of the main bronchi within the lungs; direct routes to the air sacs. d. Lungs- for gas exchange e. Alveoli air sacs; the only site of gas exchange. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place between these and capillaries.
T.A. 2 mins
T-L Activities
Evaluation
At the end of 20 minutes of discussion and guidance, the learners shall be able to: I. Identify the Different Parts of respiratory system and their Functions.
Social Discussion
Oral Evaluation
II. Correctly state the importance of doing respiratory exercises and demonstrate it correctly and satisfactorily.
III. COMMON RESPIRATORY EXERCISES a. Deep Breathing Deep breathing is a relaxation technique that can be self-taught. Deep breathing releases tension from the body and clear the mind, improving both physical and mental wellness. We tend to breathe shallowly or even hold our hold our breath when we are feeling anxious. Sometimes we are not even aware of it. Shallow breathing limits your oxygen intake and adds further stress to your body, creating a vicious cycle. Breathing exercises can break this cycle. They are effective because they assist in inflating all alveoli and in removing all secretions that are place for microbial growth that may interfere with gas exchange. ii. How to do Deep Breathing Exercises: Sit up straight. (Do not arch your back) First exhale completely through your mouth. Place your hands on your stomach, just above your waist. Breathe in slowly through your nose, pushing your hands out with your stomach. This ensures that you are breathing deeply. Imagine that you are filling your body with air from the bottom up. Hold your breath to a count of two to five, or whatever you can handle. It is easier to hold your breath if you continue to hold out your stomach. Slowly and steadily breathe out through your the air is out. Exhalation is a littleback in than inhalation until most of mouth, feeling your hands move longer as you slowly contract your stomach,
5 mins
Social Discussion and Demonstrat ion
Return demonstrat e breathing and coughing exercises
b. Coughing Exercise You should perform these coughing maneuvers whenever you feel the need to cough or as instructed by your physician. A good controlled cough is especially helpful when you first get up in the morning and about an hour before bedtime. ii. How to do Coughing Exercises: Just like Deep Breathing but after the third deep breath, inhale and hold the breath for 3 seconds and expire forcefully and allow air to release abruptly through mouth while flexing your body forward. III.NUTRITION Food Groups I. Grains - grains, especially whole grains, are good sources of fiber, iron, magnesium, selenium, and several B vitamins, including thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. Refined grains, such as white bread, white rice, non-whole grain pasta do not have as much fiber
III. Discuss the important Nutrients needed by the children.
3 mins
Social Discussion
Oral Evaluation
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as whole grain varieties. Grains include foods made with wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, and barley, etc., such as bread, pasta, breakfast cereal, popcorn, tortillas, and oatmeal. II. Vegetables - Vegetables are usually a good source of fiber, potassium, folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Keep in mind that kids should eat a variety of vegetables from each of the 5 vegetable subgroups: a) Dark green vegetables b) Orange vegetables c) Dry beans and peas d) Starchy vegetables e) Other vegetables III. Fruits - most kids like fruits, which are usually a good source of potassium, fiber, vitamin C, and folate. Although 100% fruit juice counts as a fruit in this food group, remember that it is almost always better to eat whole foods. IV. Milk - this food group is important because it provides kids with calcium, potassium,vitamin D, and protein in their diet. It includes milk, cheese, yogurt, and milkbased desserts, such as ice cream, frozen yogurt, and pudding made with milk. In general, parents should choose low-fat milk products that do not have added sugar. For example, 2% milk would be better than whole milk with chocolate flavoring. V. Meat and Beans - in addition to meat and dry beans, this food group also includes poultry, fish, eggs, and nuts (including peanut butter), which are usually a good source of protein, iron, vitamin E, zinc, magnesium, and several B vitamins, including niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and B6. Unless you choose lean or low-fat meat and poultry, food from this food group can also be a source of extra fat. VI. Oils - although not a real food group, oils and fats are an important part of your diet both because you need to eat some of them and because you don't want to overdo it. In general, your kids should eat mostly polyunsaturated or monounsaturated oils and fats, avoiding saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol.
IV. Identify the cause of asthma and state its therapeutic management.
IV. ASTHMA Asthma, an immediate hypersensitivity (type 1) is the most common chronic illness in children, accounting for a large number of days of absenteeism from school and many hospital admissions each year. It tends to occur initially before 5 years of age. The condition maybe intermittent, with symptom-free periods, or chronic, with continuous symptoms. If a parent has asthma, the chance the child will develop asthma is also increased. Asthma occur in children with those atopy or those who tend to be hypersensitive to allergens. Mast cells release histamine and leukotrienes that result in diffuse obstructive
4min s
Social Discussion
Oral evaluation
and restrictive airway disease because of a triad of inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increase mucos production. Most children with asthma can be shown to have sensitization to inhalant antigens such as pollens, molds or house dust. Food may also be involved. Severe bronchoconstriction can occur because of exposure to cold air or irritating odors as well as inhalation of a known allergen. Air pollutant such as cigarette smoke may lower the threshold for hypersensitivity reactions and worsen the condition.adolescents with asthma that if they begin to take Aspirin can be a trigger, so caution aspirin as an adult, it may initiate an attack. Mechanism of the disease: Asthma primarily affect the small airways and involves 3 separate processes: bronchospasm, inflammation of bronchial mucosa, and increase bronchial secretions (mucus). All the 3 processes act to decrease the size of the airway lumen, leading to acute respiratory distress. Assessment: The word asthma is derive from the greek word panting, a description of a childs distress. Typically after an exposure to an allergen or trigger, an episodes begins with a dry cough, often at night as bronchoconstrictiion begins. Chidren may inhale normally or with little difficulty but develop an increasing difficulty in exhaling. During attacks children with asthma are generally more comfortable in a sitting position or standing position rather than lying down. If seated in a chair, they lean forward and raise their shoulders to give themselves more breathing space. Do not urge children to lie down and relax as this can cause severe anxiety and increased difficulty in breathing. Overtime as a child has many bouts of asthma, he or she develop a shield-like or barrelshaped chest from constant over inflation of air in alveoli. Clubbing of the fingers maybe noticeable. Therapeutic Management: Avoidance of allergen by environmental control. Cough suppressants are contraindicated with asthma because as a rule, as long as children can continue to cough up mucus, they are not in serious danger. When they stop coughing out mucus, thick plugs form that then may lead to pneumonia, atelectasis and further acidosis. A child with mild but persistent asthma usually is prescribed an inhaled antiinflammatory corticosteroid such as fluticasone ( Flovent) daily. Children who have moderate persistent symptoms usually are prescribed a long acting bronchodilator at bedtime in the addition to the inhaled anti-inflammatory daily corticosteroid. Children who have severe persistent asthma symptoms take high dose of both an oral 2 corticosteroid and an inhaled corticosteroid daily a well as a long acting mins bronchodilator at bedtime.

V. Identify the manifestations associated with Bronchitis
Socialize discussion
Oral evaluation
Children may be prescribe a short acting Beta 2 agonist bronchodilator such as
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