ESCOLA SECUNDRIA JOS MACEDO FREGATEIRO MODAL VERBS MODAL + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO Os chamados MODAL VERBS so usados como

verbos auxiliares, exprimindo sentidos e funes especficas em ligao com o verbo principal.

CAN / COULD = to be able to (ser capaz de)

Este verbo tem apenas duas formas presente e pretrito. Nas formas inexistentes, recorrer-se- ao equivalente TO BE ABLE TO. EG. Your teacher hasn t been able to talk to the headmistress yet. 1. Ability / knowledge / Capacity (Capacidade, poder, saber) Eg. I can speak Chinese. 2. Permission / Impossibility / Not permitted (Permisso / Total impossibilidade / negao de permisso) Eg. You can speak to the prisoner but only for a few minutes. Eg. You can t speak to the headmaster at the moment. 3. Logical Conclusion / Strong possibility (Concluso lgica / forte probabilidade (expressa na negativa) Eg: For all I know he can t be more than fifty. 4. Informal Questions Eg: Can I see your list?

COULD
Pode constituir uma alternativa muito formal, cerimoniosa e de certo modo hesitante (tentative way) Eg: Could i speak to you for a moment?

MAY / MIGHT = TO BE ALLOWED TO ( Ser permitido) Este verbo tem apenas duas formas presente e pretrito. Nas formas inexistentes, recorrer-se- ao equivalente TO BE ALLOWED TO. Eg. She will be allowed to come. 1. Permission (permisso) (formal) Eg. You may / might use the phone 2. Possibility Eg. It may be found in a good store 3. Probability (probabilidade )(mixture of doubt and uncertainty) Eg. He didn t come to school, he may be ill. MIGHT Pode constituir uma alternativa muito formal. Cerimoniosa e de certo modo hesitante E.g. Might I interrupt please? (tentative way).

MUST = to have to (ter de/ precisar) Must equivale ao presente e pretrito Outras formas tero de ser construdas a partir do substituto TO HAVE TO Eg. You will have to see the film tomorrow No one likes having to pay taxes. Mustn t= aren t to E.g. You mustn t say anything about it. = You aren t to say anything about it.

1. Necessity (necessidade) Eg. I must buy a new pair of shoes 2. Obligation (obrigao) Eg. The candidates must fill in a form. 3. Logical Conclusion / Strong probability - Concluso lgica / forte probabilidade(quase certeza) Eg He didn t come to school. Yesterday he had a fever. He must be ill. 4. Orders / Prohibitions Eg. You must be back by midnight. Cars mustn t park here.

SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO (dever) 1. Promises / Threats (promessas / ameaas) 2. E.g. He shall be punished if he behaves badly. (threat) 3. You shall get the car next week. (promise) 4. Will / Determination (vontade / determinao de quem fala, em relao pessoa com quem se fala ou de quem se fala). E.g You shall study further. 5. Questions

WILL /WOULD 1. Will Expresses will and determination on the part of the speaker ( vontade e determinao). e.g . I will become a millionaire.

Need (precisar) 1. As a modal verb , it can only be used in the negative and interrogative forms. 2. As a modal it has no past tense . E.g. She needn t cry. Need you do that?

Dare (ousar/ atrever-se) 1. As a modal verb , it can only be used in the negative and interrogative forms. e.g. She daren t leave the car out in the street at night. 2. Daren t can be used with a present past and future sense. e.g. I ll go but I daren t go alone. 3. Expresses indignation E.g How dare you?

O sentido expresso pelos verbos modais pode apresentar gradaes de intensidade. E.g. May not simples ausncia de permisso Can not (coloquial) - total impossibilidade Mustn t total proibio ( mais forte e enftica das formas).

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11th Worksheet

Modal Verb Exercises

A. Complete the following exercise by writing Exercise I : Match the sentences and their functions: 1. You seem very tired. You should have some rest. a. prohibition 2. People mustn't walk on the grass. b. certainty 3. Could I possibly borrow your bike? c. advice 4. She can't be mistaken because she is a good student. d. request Exercise II : Write down what the the function of the underlined modal verb is. 1. You should go to see a doctor if you re getting worse. 2. Could I possibly go to the shops for some sweets, please? 3. You must be rich if you own this luxurious car. 4. May I leave this bag with you? 5. You ought to leave early tomorrow. 6. Soldiers must obey orders. 7. He may be waiting outside. 8. I can carry this heavy box alone. 9. You must see a doctor if you don't feel better. 10. Leila can make delicious cakes. 11. They shouldn t have swam in the lake 12. May I help you, lady? 13. You needn t justify your absence. I know you were sick. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Exercise III : Choose the correct answers to fill in the blanks: 1.The buses are all full; I ______________get a taxi. ( may / can / must ) 2. You ____________ drink this; it's poison. ( needn't / won't / mustn't ) 3.________________stand on your head ? (he) ( should / can / must / may ) 4.You _____________ring the bell; I have a key. ( can't / needn't / mustn't) 5. He was very athletic . He ___________ have run long distances. ( might / should / must / could ) 6. I had no key, so I______________ lock the door. ( couldn't / shouldn't / wouldn't / mightn't) 7. I _______________ go to the supermarket today. There is plenty of food in the house. ( mustn't / can't / needn t / may not ) 8.How _______________ you treat me like that ? ( would / dare / might / could )

Exercise IV. Insert the adequate modal in the gap. I m suffering from fever and a bad cough. I _____________________(have) the flu. She didn t perform well this term .She_________________________.(pay) more attention. You seem so relaxed .You _______________________ (have) a wonderful vacation. It was unnecessary to tell him the news. You _____________________________the news. I rang the bell ,but nobody opened .Oh ! we ___________________(be) in the garden or the backyard . You_____________________(make) an appointment with you dentist before your tooth began to bother you that much. 7. You _______________________(queue) in that supermarket , it s always empty. 8. He _________________ (be) ill. He hasn t been to work for three days. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Exercise V. Substitute the underlined words by a modal verb. Make the necessary changes 1. She had the ability to walk on her hands when she was 6. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. It was impossible for me to come and see you before. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. My teacher is explaining English grammar. I have the ability to understand it. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Each passenger is allowed to take one bag onto the plane. _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. You arent allowed to smoke here. _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Do I have permission to see the letter? _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. I am sure they left the house yesterday. __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Perhaps that man is watching us. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. You have the possibility to win millions of euros. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. It is possible that the children are in the sitting-room watching TV. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 11. She doesnt answer the phone. It is sure she is out. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 12. I have the obligation to be quiet in class. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 13. It is necessary that you leave now. __________________________________________________________________________________ 14. It is slightly possible that you win the lottery. __________________________________________________________________________________ 15. You are obliged to be at home by twelve. It isnt necessary to pay the food. It is free. _________________________________________________________________________________ 16. It is banned to touch the goods. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 17. It is likely that he isn t coming to work today. __________________________________________________________________________________ 18. They dont let her talk to him. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 19. I don t have the courage to go into that house. ___________________________________________________________________________________