Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By:
Januargo
National CME and Design
HCPT Project
Contents
I. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3
II. Logically Analogy ....................................................................................................... 5
III. Standard References .................................................................................................. 10
IV. Electrically Argumentation Regarding Tower as “down conductor” ........................ 11
V. Currently Cases and The Analysis ............................................................................ 14
VI. Conclusion and Solusion Proposal ........................................................................... 16
Figure 4. Logical analogy lightning protection system as tank system with the liquid.
But, when number of dissipation pipes is reduced then liquid will flow to out side via
any pipe that connected to the system as shown in Figure 5. If any part of the out side pipe
consist small cross section and thin, then at that part will receive big pressure thus the
leakage possibility on it can be exist. The illustration is shown in Figure 6.
In Figure 4, 5 and 6 shown system that using 2 kind of channel pipe, P1 and P2.
Assuming that using 1 channel pipe, P2, is enough actually then usage of channel pipe, P1,
giving an extra channel excessively, meaning, the availability of P2 may be removed
because P1 is so bigger than P2. Figure 7, 8, and 9 are showing the system with single
channel pipe.
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 13
Figure 14
1. IEC 62305-3, Protection against lightning – Physical damage to structures and life
hazard.
Is a standard reference regarding lightning protection system. In point (4.3) says:
“Steelwork within reinforced concrete structure is considered to be electrically
continuous provided that the major part of interconnections of vertical and horizontal
bars are welded or otherwise securely connected. Connections of vertical bars shall be
welded, clamped or overlapped a minimum of 20 times their diameters and bound or
otherwise securely connected………
……… For structures utilizing steel reinforced concrete (including pre-cast, pre-
stressed reinforced units), the electrical continuity of the reinforcing bars shall be
determined by electrical testing between the uppermost part and ground level. The
overall electrical resistance should not be greater than 0,2 Ω , measured using test
equipment suitable for this purpose.
In section (5.3.5) says:
“The following parts of the structure should be considered as natural down-
conductors:
a) the metal installations provided that
– the electrical continuity between the various parts is made durable in accordance
with 5.5.2.”1
1
The number of connections along the conductors shall be kept to a minimum. Connections shall be made
secure by such means as brazing, welding, clamping, crimping, seaming, screwing or bolting.
5. Jay M. Jacobmeyer, P. E, April 1, 2007, in his article that published by MRT says:
“Installing down conductors from high on the tower: Installers are sometimes told
they must install a copper down conductor from the antenna to the earth electrode
system. The author has seen more than 200 feet of AWG No. 2 wire installed on a
tower to meet this misguided requirement. True, copper has better conductivity than
galvanized steel, but the impedance of the tower is much lower than No. 2 copper wire
for two reasons: the larger surface area of tower members creates lower inductance
and the multiple current paths to the ground create lower overall impedance.”
More and more references can be taken, from internet, but haven’t been included.
2
Chapter 4 is Greenfield sites installation examples.
σ = nqμ
where,
n is number of electric charge carries,
q is the charge of the ion,
μ is the mobility of the charged species.
Conductivity is not familiar at people’s ear and it is not understood generally. People can
understand about resistivity that simply inverse of conductivity,
1
ρ=
σ
And resistance is an extrinsic property of a device which is represented by the equation
l
R=ρ
A
where,
R is resistance of material ( Ω ),
ρ is resistivity of material ( Ω .m),
l is length of material (m) and
A is its cross sectional area (m2)
once more simply equation that taken from basic electronic knowledgement about paralel
combination of resistance is,
1 1 1 1
= + + ... +
R R1 R 2 Rx
According to Table 1, shown that each material such as Copper, Aluminium, and Steel has
different resistivity, those are
- Copper = 1.7241x10-6 Ω .cm or equal with 1.7241x10-8 Ω .m
- Aluminium = 2.284x10-6 Ω .cm or equal with 2.284x10-8 Ω .m
- Steel = 10.4x10-6 Ω .cm or equal with 10.4x10-8 Ω .m
So, for copper cable with cross-sectional area 50 mm2 and its length is as height as tower,
let’s say 80 m, the resistance value can be calculated as
80
R = 1.7241 × 10 −8 ×
50 × 10 −6
R = 2.75856x10-2
R = 0.027586 Ω
Thus for galvanized steel that has dimension 50mm x 3mm is,
80
R = 10.4 × 10 −8 ×
150 × 10 − 4
R = 5.5467x10-4
R = 0.055467 Ω
Base on standard value of resistance for down conductor that states not bigger than 0.2 so
the value as result of calculation above are so much less, in that means the three of those
component are acceptable to be used.
Table 1. Resistivity of material
Opinion 1,
It is denied with the explanation in section III and section IV.
Opinion 2,
It is said without analysis and logically thinking.
Opinion 3,
The value of 1 is not mentioned in installation standard of lightning protection
system or in any standard. IEC 62305-3 standard is defining grounding resistance
value as 10 Ω and PUIL (Indonesia Standard) is defining grounding resistance
value as 5 Ω . Technical explanation of this value is too long to be mentioned in this
discussion.
Opinion 4,
From the fact in the field, known that portion of damage devices is at power part,
for example, TV burn, radio burn, water pump burn, lamp burn, etc. Which is
electromagnetic field does not cause that defection. Electromagnetic effect as
impact from lightning may cause, human brain disruption, defection on electronic
device such as computer, digital radio etc, but not in power part. So clearly clarified
that all of the defections in these cases are not impacted by electromagnetic field
effect.