SAAB MARFIN MBA

Project Report of the Summer Internship Project

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Topic- MUTUAL FUND COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS

BY BABASAB PATIL

MUTUAL FUND COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS

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Table of Contents
S.no 1 2 3 Topic Executive Summary Company Profile Industry Profile
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.

Page No.

Introduction History of Mutual funds Regulatory framework Concept Of Mutual Fund Types of Mutual Fund Advantages Of Mutual Fund Terms Used In Mutual Funds Fund management Risk Basis Of Comparisons How to pick right fund

4 5 6

Systematic Investment Plan and Lump Sum investment Rebalancing and its effects. Research Methodology
I. II.

Problem statement Research Objective

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III. IV. V. VI.

Data source Data Anlysis Scope of Study Limitations

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Findings and Analysis Rankings Conclusion

1. Executive Summary

The topic of this project is Mutual Fund Comparison and Analysis. The mutual fund industry in India has seen dramatic improvements in quantity as well as quality of product and service offerings in recent years and hence here focus is on

comparing schemes of different mutual fund companies on different performance parametrers. Along with this project also touches on the aspect of Systematic Investment Plan and Rebalancing. Project analysis past three years data of different mutual fund schemes. Different measures like beta ,Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen etc. have been taken to analyse the performance. An effort has been made to work on the concepts that have been taught in class along with other useful parameters so that better study can be done.

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2. Company Profile

Vision Statement:

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HDFC Asset Management Company Ltd (AMC) was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, on December 10, 1999, and was approved to act as an Asset Management Company for the HDFC Mutual Fund by SEBI vide its letter dated July 3, 2000. The registered office of the AMC is situated at Ramon House, 3rd Floor, H.T. Parekh Marg, 169, Back bay Reclamation, Churchgate, Mumbai - 400 020. In terms of the Investment Management Agreement, the Trustee has appointed the HDFC Asset Management Company Limited to manage the Mutual Fund. The paid up capital of the AMC is Rs. 25.161 crore. Zurich Insurance Company (ZIC), the Sponsor of Zurich India Mutual Fund, following a review of its overall strategy, had decided to divest its Asset Management business in India. The AMC had entered into an agreement with ZIC to acquire the said business, subject to necessary regulatory approvals. Following the decision by Zurich Insurance Company (ZIC), the sponsor of Zurich India Mutual Fund, to divest its Asset Management Business in India, HDFC AMC acquired the schemes of Zurich India Mutual Fund effective from June 19, 2003. HDFC AMC has a strong parentage CO Sponsored by Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC Ltd.) and Standard Life Investment Limited, the investment arm of The Standard Life Group, UK.

The present equity shareholding pattern of the AMC is as follows:

Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited was incorporated in 1977 as the first specialized Mortgage Company in India, its activities include

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housing finance, and property related services (property identification, valuation etc.), training and consultancy. HDFC Ltd. contributes the 60% of the paid up equity capital of the AMC. Standard Life Insurance Limited is a leading Asset management company with approximately US$ 282 billion of asset under management as on June 30, 2007. The company operates in UK, Canada, Hong Kong, China, Korea, Ireland and USA to ensure it is able to form a truly global investment view. SLI Ltd. contributes the 40% of the paid up equity capital of the AMC.

The AMC is managing 24 open-ended schemes of the Mutual Fund viz. HDFC Growth Fund (HGF), HDFC Balanced Fund (HBF), HDFC Income Fund (HIF), HDFC Liquid Fund (HLF), HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund (HLTAF), HDFC Children's Gift Fund (HDFC CGF), HDFC Gilt Fund (HGILT), HDFC Short Term Plan (HSTP), HDFC Index Fund, HDFC Floating Rate Income Fund (HFRIF), HDFC Equity Fund (HEF), HDFC Top 200 Fund (HT200), HDFC Capital Builder Fund (HCBF), HDFC Tax Saver (HTS), HDFC Prudence Fund (HPF), HDFC High Interest Fund (HHIF), HDFC Cash Management Fund (HCMF), HDFC MF Monthly Income Plan (HMIP), HDFC Core & Satellite Fund (HCSF), HDFC Multiple Yield Fund (HMYF), HDFC Premier Multi-Cap Fund (HPMCF), HDFC Multiple Yield Fund . Plan 2005 (HMYF-Plan 2005), HDFC Quarterly Interval Fund (HQIF) and HDFC Arbitrage Fund (HAF).The AMC is also managing 11 closed ended Schemes of the HDFC Mutual Fund viz. HDFC Long Term Equity Fund, HDFC Mid-Cap Opportunities Fund, HDFC Infrastructure Fund, HDFC Fixed Maturity Plans, HDFC Fixed Maturity Plans - Series II, HDFC Fixed Maturity Plans - Series III, HDFC Fixed Maturity Plans - Series IV, HDFC Fixed Maturity Plans - Series V, HDFC Fixed Maturity Plans - Series VI, HFDC Fixed

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- Series V, HDFC Fixed Maturity Plans - Series VI, HFDC Fixed Maturity Plans Series VII and HFDC Fixed Maturity Plans - Series VIII. The AMC is also providing portfolio management / advisory services and such activities are not in conflict with the activities of the Mutual Fund. The AMC has renewed its registration from SEBI vide Registration No. - PM / INP000000506 dated December 8, 2006 to act as a Portfolio Manager under the SEBI (Portfolio Managers) Regulations, 1993.

3. Industry Profile
I. Introduction

The Indian mutual fund industry has witnessed significant growth in the past few years driven by several favourable economic and demographic factors such as rising income levels, and the increasing reach of Asset Management Companies and distributors. However, after several years of relentless growth ,the industry witnessed a fall of 8% in the assets under management in the financial year 2008-2009 that has impacted revenues and profitability. Whereas in 2009-10 the industry is on the road of recovery.

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II. History of Mutual Funds

The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India, at the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The history of mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases. First Phase 1964-87 Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of Parliament. It was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative control of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was de-linked from the RBI and the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and administrative control in place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988 UTI had Rs.6, 700 Crores of assets under management.

Second Phase 1987-1993 (Entry of Public Sector Funds) 1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund established in June 1987 followed by Canbank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC established its mutual fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund in December 1990.

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At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs.47, 004 Crores. Third Phase 1993-2003 (Entry of Private Sector Funds) With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual fund industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds, except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July 1993. The 1993 SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more

comprehensive and revised Mutual Fund Regulations in 1996. The industry now functions under the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996. The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with many foreign mutual funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several mergers and acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total assets of Rs. 1, 21,805 Crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs.44, 541 Crores of assets under management was way ahead of other mutual funds Fourth Phase since February 2003 In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit Trust of India Act 1963 UTI was bifurcated into two separate entities. One is the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India with assets under management of Rs.29, 835 crores as at the end of January 2003, representing broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme, assured return and certain other schemes. The Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India, functioning under an administrator and under the rules framed by Government of India and does not come under the purview of the Mutual Fund Regulations.

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The second is the UTI Mutual Fund Ltd, sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is registered with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile UTI which had in March 2000 more than Rs.76,000 Crores of assets under management and with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund, conforming to the SEBI Mutual Fund.

The graph indicates the growth of assets over the years:

Assets of the mutual fund industry touched an all-time high of Rs639,000 crore (approximately $136 billion) in May, aided by the spike in the stock market by over 50 per cent in the last one month and fresh inflows in liquid funds, data released by the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) shows yesterday.

The country's burgeoning mutual fund industry is expected to see its assets growing by 29% annually in the next five years. The total assets under management in the Indian mutual funds industry are estimated to grow at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 29 per cent in the next five years," the report by global

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consultancy Celent said. However, the profitability of the industry is expected to remain at its present level mainly due to increasing cost incurred to develop distribution channels and falling margins due to greater competition among fund houses, it said.

III. Regulatory Framework

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) The Government of India constituted Securities and Exchange Board of India, by an Act of Parliament in 1992, the apex regulator of all entities that either raise funds in the capital markets or invest in capital market securities such as shares and debentures listed on stock exchanges. Mutual funds have emerged as an important institutional investor in capital market securities. Hence they come under the purview of SEBI. SEBI requires all mutual funds to be registered with them. It issues guidelines for all mutual fund operations including where they can invest, what investment limits and restrictions must be complied with, how they should account for income and expenses, how they should make disclosures of information to the investors and generally act in the interest of investor protection. To protect the interest of the investors, SEBI formulates policies and regulates the mutual funds. MF either promoted by public or by private sector entities including one promoted by foreign entities are governed by these Regulations. SEBI approved Asset Management Company (AMC) manages the funds by making investments in various types of securities. Custodian, registered with SEBI, holds the securities of various schemes of the fund in its custody. According to SEBI Regulations, two thirds of the directors of Trustee Company or board of trustees must be independent. Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) With the increase in mutual fund players in India, a need for mutual fund as a non-profit organisation.

association in India was generated to function

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Association of 1995. AMFI is an apex body of all Asset Management Companies (AMC) which has Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) was incorporated on 22nd August,

been registered with SEBI. Till date all the AMCs are that have launched mutual fund schemes are its member. It functions under the supervision and guidelines of its Board of Directors.

Association of Mutual

Funds India has brought down the Indian

Mutual

Fund Industry to a professional and healthy market with ethical line enhancing and maintaining standards. It follows the principle of both promoting the protecting and

interests of mutual funds as well as their unit holders.

The objectives of Association of Mutual Funds in India

The Association of Mutual Funds of India works with 30 registered AMCs of the country. It has certain defined objectives which juxtaposes the guidelines of its Board of Directors. The objectives are as follows: This mutual fund association of India maintains high professional and ethical standards in all areas of operation of the industry. It also recommends and promotes the top class business practices and code of conduct which is followed by members and related people engaged in the activities of mutual fund and asset management. The agencies who are by any means connected or involved in the field of capital markets and financial services also involved in this code of conduct of the association. AMFI interacts with SEBI and works according to SEBIs guidelines in the mutual fund industry.

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Association of Mutual Fund of India do represent the Government of India, the Reserve Bank of India and other related bodies on matters relating to the Mutual Fund Industry. It develops a team of well qualified and trained Agent distributors. It implements a program of training and certification for all intermediaries and other engaged in the mutual fund industry. AMFI undertakes all India awareness program for investors in order to promote proper understanding of the concept and working of mutual funds. At last but not the least association of mutual fund of India also disseminate information on Mutual Fund Industry and undertakes studies and research either directly or in association with other bodies.

IV. Concept of Mutual Fund

A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost. The flow chart below describes the working of a mutual fund:

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Mutual fund operation flow chart

Mutual funds are considered as one of the best available investments as compare to others. They are very cost efficient and also easy to invest in, thus by pooling money together in a mutual fund, investors can purchase stocks or bonds with much lower trading costs than if they tried to do it on their own. But the biggest advantage to mutual funds is diversification, by minimizing risk & maximizing returns.

Organization of a Mutual Fund

There are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the organizational set up of a mutual fund

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V. Types of Mutual Fund schemes in INDIA
Wide variety of Mutual Fund Schemes exists to cater to the needs such as financial position, risk tolerance and return expectations.

Overview of existing schemes existed in mutual fund category: BY STRUCTURE Open - Ended Schemes: An open-end fund is one that is available for subscription
all through the year. These do not have a fixed maturity. Investors can conveniently buy and sell units at Net Asset Value ("NAV") related prices. The key feature of open-end schemes is liquidity.

Close - Ended Schemes: A closed-end fund has a stipulated maturity period which
generally ranging from 3 to 15 years. The fund is open for subscription only during a specified period. Investors can invest in the scheme at the time of the initial public issue and thereafter they can buy or sell the units of the scheme on the stock exchanges where they are listed. In order to provide an exit route to the investors, some close-ended funds give an option of selling back the units to the Mutual Fund through periodic repurchase at NAV related prices. SEBI Regulations stipulate that at least one of the two exit routes is provided to the investor.

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Interval Schemes: Interval Schemes are that scheme, which combines the features
of open-ended and close-ended schemes. The units may be traded on the stock exchange or may be open for sale or redemption during pre-determined intervals at NAV related prices.

Overview of existing schemes existed in mutual fund category: BY NATURE

Equity fund: These funds invest a maximum part of their corpus into equities holdings. The structure of the fund may vary different for different schemes and the fund managers outlook on different stocks. The Equity Funds are

sub-classified depending upon their investment objective, as follows: -Diversified Equity Funds -Mid-Cap Funds -Sector Specific Funds -Tax Savings Funds (ELSS) Equity investments are meant for a longer time horizon, thus Equity funds rank high on the risk-return matrix.

Debt funds: The objective of these Funds is to invest in debt papers. Government
authorities, private companies, banks and financial institutions are some of the major issuers of debt papers. By investing in debt instruments, these funds ensure low risk and provide stable income to the investors.

Gilt Funds: Invest their corpus in securities issued by Government, popularly

known as Government of India debt papers. These Funds carry zero Default risk but are associated with Interest Rate risk. These schemes are safer as they invest in papers backed by Government.

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Income Funds: Invest a major portion into various debt instruments such as bonds,
corporate debentures and Government securities.

Monthly income plans ( MIPs): Invests maximum of their total corpus in debt
instruments while they take minimum exposure in equities. It gets benefit of both equity and debt market. These scheme ranks slightly high on the risk-return matrix when compared with other debt schemes.

Short Term Plans (STPs): Meant for investment horizon for three to six months.
These funds primarily invest in short term papers like Certificate of Deposits (CDs) and Commercial Papers (CPs). Some portion of the corpus is also invested in corporate debentures.

Liquid Funds: Also known as Money Market Schemes, These funds provides easy
liquidity and preservation of capital. These schemes invest in short-term instruments like Treasury Bills, inter-bank call money market, CPs and CDs. These funds are meant for short-term cash management of corporate houses and are meant for an investment horizon of 1day to 3 months. These schemes rank low on risk-return matrix and are considered to be the safest amongst all categories of mutual funds.

Balanced funds: They invest in both equities and fixed income securities, which are
in line with pre-defined investment objective of the scheme. These schemes aim to provide investors with the best of both the worlds. Equity part provides growth and the debt part provides stability in returns. Further the mutual funds can be broadly classified on the basis of investment parameter. It means each category of funds is backed by an investment philosophy, which is pre-defined in the objectives of the fund. The investor can align his own investment needs with the funds objective and can invest accordingly

By investment objective:

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Growth Schemes: Growth Schemes are also known as equity schemes. The aim of
these schemes is to provide capital appreciation over medium to long term. These schemes normally invest a major part of their fund in equities and are willing to bear short-term decline in value for possible future appreciation.

Income Schemes: Income Schemes are also known as debt schemes. The aim of
these schemes is to provide regular and steady income to investors. These schemes generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds and corporate debentures. Capital appreciation in such schemes may be limited.

Balanced Schemes: Balanced Schemes aim to provide both growth and income by
periodically distributing a part of the income and capital gains they earn. These schemes invest in both shares and fixed income securities, in the proportion indicated in their offer documents.

Money Market Schemes: Money Market Schemes aim to provide easy liquidity,
preservation of capital and moderate income. These schemes generally invest in safer, short-term instruments, such as treasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and inter-bank call money.

Other schemes
Tax Saving Schemes:
Tax-saving schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under tax laws prescribed from time to time. Under Sec.80C of the Income Tax Act, contributions made to any Equity Linked Savings Scheme (ELSS) are eligible for rebate.

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Index Schemes:
Index schemes attempt to replicate the performance of a particular index such as the BSE Sensex or the Nifty 50. The portfolio of these schemes will consist of only those stocks that constitute the index. The percentage of each stock to the total holding will be identical to the stocks index weightage. And hence, the returns from such schemes would be more or less equivalent to those of the Index.

Sector Specific Schemes:

These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or industries as specified in the offer documents. Ex- Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds are dependent on the performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these funds may give higher returns, they are more risky compared to diversified funds. Investors need to keep a watch on the performance of those sectors/industries and must exit at an appropriate time.

VI. Advantages of Mutual Funds

Diversification It can help an investor diversify their portfolio with a minimum investment. Spreading investments across a range of securities can help to reduce risk. A stock mutual fund, for example, invests in many stocks .This minimizes the risk attributed to a concentrated position. If a few securities in the mutual fund lose value or become worthless, the loss maybe offset by other securities that appreciate in value. Further diversification can be achieved by investing in multiple funds which invest in different sectors. Professional Management- Mutual funds are managed and supervised by investment professional. These managers decide what securities the fund will buy

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and sell. This eliminates the investor of the difficult task of trying to time the market. Well regulated- Mutual funds are subject to many government regulations that protect investors from fraud. Liquidity- It's easy to get money out of a mutual fund. Convenience- we can buy mutual fund shares by mail, phone, or over the Internet. Low cost- Mutual fund expenses are often no more than 1.5 percent of our investment. Expenses for Index Funds are less than that, because index funds are not actively managed. Instead, they automatically buy stock in companies that are
listed on a specific index

Transparency- The mutual fund offer document provides all the information about the fund and the scheme. This document is also called as the prospectus or the fund offer document, and is very detailed and contains most of the relevant information that an investor would need. Choice of schemes there are different schemes which an investor can choose from according to his investment goals and risk appetite. Tax benefits An investor can get a tax benefit in schemes like ELSS (equity linked saving scheme)

VII. Terms used in Mutual Fund

Asset Management Company (AMC) An AMC is the legal entity formed by the sponsor to run a mutual fund. The AMC is usually a private limited company in which the sponsors and their associates or joint venture partners are the shareholders. The trustees sign an investment

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agreement with the AMC, which spells out the functions of the AMC. It is the AMC that employs fund managers and analysts, and other personnel. It is the AMC that handles all operational matters of a mutual fund from launching schemes to managing them to interacting with investors. Fund Offer document The mutual fund is required to file with SEBI a detailed information memorandum, in a prescribed format that provides all the information about the fund and the scheme. This document is also called as the prospectus or the fund offer document, and is very detailed and contains most of the relevant information that an investor would need Trust The Mutual Fund is constituted as a Trust in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 by the Sponsor. The trust deed is registered under the Indian Registration Act, 1908. The Trust appoints the Trustees who are responsible to the investors of the fund.

Trustees Trustees are like internal regulators in a mutual fund, and their job is to protect the interests of the unit holders. Trustees are appointed by the sponsors, and can be either individuals or corporate bodies. In order to ensure they are impartial and fair, SEBI rules mandate that at least two-thirds of the trustees be independent, i.e., not have any association with the sponsor. Trustees appoint the AMC, which subsequently, seeks their approval for the work it does, and reports periodically to them on how the business being run. Custodian A custodian handles the investment back office of a mutual fund. Its

responsibilities include receipt and delivery of securities, collection of income, distribution of dividends and segregation of assets between the schemes. It also track corporate actions like bonus issues, right offers, offer for sale, buy back and

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open offers for acquisition. The sponsor of a mutual fund cannot act as a custodian to the fund. This condition, formulated in the interest of investors, ensures that the assets of a mutual fund are not in the hands of its sponsor. For example, Deutsche Bank is a custodian, but it cannot service Deutsche Mutual Fund, its mutual fund arm.

NAV Net Asset Value is the market value of the assets of the scheme minus its liabilities. The per unit NAV is the net asset value of the scheme divided by the number of units outstanding on the Valuation Date.The NAV is usually calculated on a daily basis. In terms of corporate valuations, the book values of assets less liability.

The NAV is usually below the market price because the current value of the funds assets is higher than the historical financial statements used in the NAV calculation.
Market Value of the Assets in the Scheme + Receivables + Accrued Income - Liabilities - Accrued Expenses NAV -------------------No. of units outstanding
Where,

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Receivables: Whatever the Profit is earned out of sold stocks by the Mutual fund is called Receivables. Accrued Income: Income received from the investment made by the Mutual Fund. Liabilities: Whatever they have to pay to other companies are called liabilities. Accrued Expenses: Day to day expenses such as postal expenses, Printing, Advertisement Expenses etc.

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Calculation of NAV
Scheme ABN Scheme Size Rs. 5, 00, 00,000 (Five Crores) Face Value of Units Rs.10/Scheme Size --------------------------00,000 Face value of units 10 = 5, 00, 00,000 ------------------= 50,

The fund will offer 50, 00,000 units to Public.

Investments: Equity shares of Various Companies. Market Value of Shares is Rs.10, 00, 00,000 (Ten Crores)

Rs. 10, 00, 00,000 NAV = -------------------------50, 00,000 units Thus each unit of Rs. 10/- is Worth Rs.20/It states that the value of the money has appreciated since it is more than the face value. = Rs.20/-

Sale price Is the price we pay when we invest in a scheme. Also called Offer Price. It may include a sales load.

Repurchase price

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Is the price at which units under open-ended schemes are repurchased by the Mutual Fund. Such prices are NAV related

Redemption Price Is the price at which close-ended schemes redeem their units on maturity. Such prices are NAV related

Sales load Is a charge collected by a scheme when it sells the units. Also called, Front-end load. Schemes that do not charge a load are called No Load schemes.

Repurchase or Back-end Load Is a charge collected by a scheme when it buys back the units from the unit holders

CAGR (compounded annual growth rate) The year-over-year growth rate of an investment over a specified period of time. The compound annual growth rate is calculated by taking the nth root of the total percentage growth rate, where n is the number of years in the period being considered.

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VIII. Fund Management

Actively managed funds:
Mutual Fund managers are professionals. They are considered professionals

because of their knowledge and experience. Managers are hired to actively manage mutual fund portfolios. Instead of seeking to track market performance, active fund management tries to beat it. To do this, fund managers "actively" buy and sell individual securities. For an actively managed fund, the corresponding index can be used as a performance benchmark. Is an active fund a better investment because it is trying to outperform the market? Not necessarily. While there is the potential for higher returns with active funds, they are more unpredictable and more risky. From 1990 through 1999, on average, 76% of large cap actively managed stock funds actually underperformed the S&P 500. (Source - Schwab Center for Investment Research)

Actively managed fund styles:

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Some active fund managers follow an investing "style" to try and maximize fund performance while meeting the investment objectives of the fund. Fund styles usually fall within the following three categories.

Fund Styles :
Value: The manager invests in stocks believed to be currently undervalued by the market. Growth: The manager selects stocks they believe have a strong potential for beating the market. Blend: The manager looks for a combination of both growth and value stocks. To determine the style of a mutual fund, consult the prospectus as well as other sources that review mutual funds. Don't be surprised if the information conflicts. Although a prospectus may state a specific fund style, the style may change. Value stocks held in the portfolio over a period of time may become growth stocks and vice versa. Other research may give a more current and accurate account of the style of the fund.

Passively Managed Funds:

Passively managed mutual funds are an easily understood, relatively safe approach to investing in broad segments of the market. They are used by less experienced investors as well as sophisticated institutional investors with large portfolios. Indexing has been called investing on autopilot. The metaphor is an appropriate one as managed funds can be viewed as having a pilot at the controls. When it comes to flying an airplane, both approaches are widely used. a high percentage of investment professionals, find index investing compelling for the following reasons: Simplicity. Broad-based market index funds make asset

allocation and diversification easy.

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Management quality. The passive nature of indexing eliminates any concerns about human error or management tenure. Low portfolio turnover. Less buying and selling of securities means lower costs and fewer tax consequences. Low operational expenses. Indexing is considerably less expensive than active fund management. Asset bloat. Portfolio size is not a concern with index funds. Performance. It is a matter of record that index funds have outperformed the majority of managed funds over a variety of time periods.

You make money from your mutual fund investment when:

The fund earns income on its investments, and distributes it to you in the form of dividends. The fund produces capital gains by selling securities at a profit, and distributes those gains to you. You sell your shares of the fund at a higher price than you paid for them

IX. Risk
Every type of investment, including mutual funds, involves risk. Risk refers to the possibility that you will lose money (both principal and any earnings) or fail to make money on an investment. A fund's investment objective and its holdings are influential factors in determining how risky a fund is. Reading the prospectus will help you to understand the risk associated with that particular fund. Generally speaking, risk and potential return are related. This is the risk/return trade-off. Higher risks are usually taken with the expectation of higher returns at the cost of increased volatility. While a fund with higher risk has the potential for

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higher return, it also has the greater potential for losses or negative returns. The school of thought when investing in mutual funds suggests that the longer your investment time horizon is the less affected you should be by short-term volatility. Therefore, the shorter your investment time horizon, the more concerned you should be with short-term volatility and higher risk.

Defining Mutual fund risk Different mutual fund categories as previously defined have inherently different risk characteristics and should not be compared side by side. A bond fund with below-average risk, for example, should not be compared to a stock fund with below average risk. Even though both funds have low risk for their respective categories, stock funds overall have a higher risk/return potential than bond funds. Of all the asset classes, cash investments (i.e. money markets) offer the greatest price stability but have yielded the lowest long-term returns. Bonds typically experience more short-term price swings, and in turn have generated higher long-term returns. However, stocks historically have been subject to the greatest short-term price fluctuationsand have provided the highest long-term returns. Investors looking for a fund which incorporates all asset classes may consider a balanced or hybrid mutual fund. These funds can be very conservative or very aggressive. Asset allocation portfolios are mutual funds that invest in other mutual funds with different asset classes. At the discretion of the manager(s), securities are bought, sold, and shifted between funds with different asset classes according to market conditions. Mutual funds face risks based on the investments they hold. For example, a bond fund faces interest rate risk and income risk. Bond values are inversely related to interest rates. If interest rates go up, bond values will go down and vice versa. Bond income is also affected by the change in interest rates. Bond yields are

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directly related to interest rates falling as interest rates fall and rising as interest rise. Income risk is greater for a short-term bond fund than for a long-term bond fund. Similarly, a sector stock fund (which invests in a single industry, such as telecommunications) is at risk that its price will decline due to developments in its industry. A stock fund that invests across many industries is more sheltered from this risk defined as industry risk. Following is a glossary of some risks to consider when investing in mutual funds. Call Risk. The possibility that falling interest rates will cause a bond issuer to redeemor callits high-yielding bond before the bond's maturity date Country Risk. The possibility that political events (a war, national elections), financial problems (rising inflation, government default), or natural disasters (an earthquake, a poor harvest) will weaken a country's economy and cause investments in that country to decline. Credit Risk. The possibility that a bond issuer will fail to repay interest and principal in a timely manner. Also called default risk. Currency Risk. The possibility that returns could be reduced for Americans investing in foreign securities because of a rise in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies. Also called exchange-rate risk. Income Risk. The possibility that a fixed-income fund's dividends will decline as a result of falling overall interest rates. Industry Risk. The possibility that a group of stocks in a single industry will decline in price due to developments in that industry.

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X.

Basis Of Comparison Of Various Schemes Of Mutual Funds

Beta Beta measures the sensitivity of the stock to the market. For example if beta=1.5; it means the stock price will change by 1.5% for every 1% change in Sensex. It is also used to measure the systematic risk. Systematic risk means risks which are external to the organization like competition, government policies. They are non-diversifiable risks. Beta is calculated using regression analysis, Beta can also be defined as the tendency of a security's returns to respond to swings in the market. A beta of 1 indicates that the security's price will move with the market. A beta less than 1 means that the security will be less volatile than the market. A beta greater than 1 indicates that the security's price will be more volatile than the market. For example, if a stock's beta is 1.2, it's theoretically 20% more volatile than the market. Beta>11thenxaggressivexstocks If1beta<1xthen1defensive1stocks If beta=1 then neutral

So, its a measure of the volatility, or systematic risk, of a security or a portfolio in comparison to the market as a whole. Many utilities stocks have a beta of less than 1. Conversely, most hi-tech NASDAQ-based stocks have a beta greater than 1, offering the possibility of a higher rate of return but also posing more risk.

Alpha
Alpha takes the volatility in price of a mutual fund and compares its risk adjusted performance to a benchmark index. The excess return of the fund relative to the

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returns of benchmark index is a fundamental ALPHA. It is calculated as a return which is earned in excess of the return generated by CAPM. Alpha is often considered to represent the value that a portfolio manager adds to or subtracts from a fund's return. A positive alpha of 1.0 means the fund has outperformed its benchmark index by 1%. Correspondingly, a similar negative alpha would indicate underperformanceof 1%. .

If a CAPM analysis estimates that a portfolio should earn 35% return based on the risk of the portfolio but the portfolio actually earns 40%, the portfolio's alpha would be 5%. This 5% is the excess return over what was predicted in the CAPM model. This 5% is ALPHA.

Sharpe Ratio
A ratio developed by Nobel Laureate Bill Sharpe to measure risk-adjusted performance. It is calculated by subtracting the risk-free rate from the rate of return for a portfolio and dividing the result by the standard deviation of the portfolio returns.

The Sharpe ratio tells us whether the returns of a portfolio are because of smart investment decisions or a result of excess risk. This measurement is very useful because although one portfolio or fund can reap higher returns than its peers, it is only a good investment if those higher returns do not come with too much additional risk. The greater a portfolio's Sharpe ratio, the better its risk-adjusted performance has been.

Treynor Ratio

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The treynor ratio, named after Jack Treynor, is similar to the Sharpe ratio, except that the risk measure used is Beta instead of standard deviation. This ratio thus measures reward to volatility.

Treynor Ratio = (Return from the investment Risk free return) / Beta of the investment.

The scheme with the higher treynor Ratio offers a better risk-reward equation for the investor. Since Treynor Ratio uses Beta as a risk measure, it evaluates excess returns only with respect to systematic (or market) risk. It will therefore be more appropriate for diversified schemes, where the non-systematic risks have been eliminated. Generally, large institutional investors have the requisite funds to maintain such highly diversified portfolios. Also since Beta is based on capital asset pricing model, which is empirically tested for equity, Treynor Ratio would be inappropriate for debt schemes. M- SQUARED

Modigliani and Modigliani recognized that average investors did not find the Sharpe ratio intuitive and addressed this shortcoming by multiplying the Sharpe ratio by the standard deviation of the excess returns on a broad market index, such as the S&P 500 or the Wilshire 5000, for the same time period. This yields the risk-adjusted excess return. This, too, is a significant and useful statistic, as it measures the return in excess of the risk-free rate, which is the basis from which all risky investments should be measured. MSquared= [ (Ri Rf)/ Sd. Inv] * Sd. Mkt + Rf OR MSquared= Sharpe Ratio* Sd. Mkt + Rf

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Ri = Return from the investment Rf = Risk free return Sd. Inv= Standard Deviation Investment Sd. Mkt= Standard Deviation Market Leverage Factor: It reports the comparison of the total risk in the fund with the total risk in the market portfolio and can be used in making investment decisions. It is calculated by dividing market standard deviation by the fund standard deviation. Li = Standard deviation of the market Standard deviation of the fund

for example a leverage factor greater than one implies that standard deviation of the fund is less than standard deviation of the market index, and that the investor should consider levering the fund by borrowing money and invest in that particular fund. while this would tend to increase the risk of investment somewhat ,there would be an greater than proportional increase in returns. On the other hand leverage factor less than one implies that the risk of fund is greater than risk of market index and the investor should consider unlevering the fund by selling of the part of the holding in the fund and investing the proceeds I a risk free security, such as treasury bill in this way returns on the investment reduce somewhat, there would be an greater than proportional reduction in risk. Standard Deviation: A measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The more spread apart the data is, the higher the deviation. Standard deviation is applied to the annual rate of return of an investment to measure the investment's volatility (risk).

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A volatile stock would have a high standard deviation. The standard deviation tells us how much the return on the fund is deviating from the expected normal returns.

Standard deviation can also be calculated as the square root of the variance.

XI. How To Pick The Right Mutual Fund

Identifying Goals and Risk Tolerance

Before acquiring shares in any fund, an investor must first identify his or her goals and desires for the money being invested. Are long-term capital gains desired, or is a current income preferred? Will the money be used to pay for college expenses, or to supplement a retirement that is decades away. One should consider the issue of risk tolerance. Is the investor able to afford and mentally accept dramatic swings in portfolio value? Or, is a more conservative investment warranted? Identifying risk tolerance is as important as identifying a goal. Finally, the time horizon must be addressed. Investors must think about how long they can afford to tie up their money, or if they anticipate any liquidity concerns in the near future. Ideally, mutual fund holders should have an investment horizon with at least five years or more.

Style and Fund Type

If the investor intends to use the money in the fund for a longer term need and is willing to assume a fair amount of risk and volatility, then the style/objective he or she may be suited for is a fund. These types of funds typically hold a high percentage of their assets in common stocks, and are therefore considered to be volatile in nature. Conversely, if the investor is in need of current income, he or she should acquire shares in an income fund. Government and corporate debt are the two of the more common holdings in an income fund. There are times when an investor has a longer term need, but is unwilling or unable to assume substantial

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risk. In this case, a balanced fund, which invests in both stocks and bonds, may be the best alternative.

Charges and Fees

Mutual funds make their money by charging fees to the investor. It is important to gain an understanding of the different types of fees that you may face when purchasing an investment.

Some funds charge a sales fee known as a load fee, which will either be charged upon initial investment or upon sale of the investment. A front-end load/fee is paid out of the initial investment made by the investor while a back-end load/fee is charged when an investor sells his or her investment, usually prior to a set time period. To avoid these sales fees, look for no-load funds, which don't charge a front- or back-end load/fee. However, one should be aware of the other fees in a no-load fund, such as the management expense ratio and other administration fees, as they may be very high.

The investor should look for the management expense ratio. The ratio is simply the total percentage of fund assets that are being charged to cover fund expenses. The higher the ratio, the lower the investor's return will be at the end of the year.

Evaluating Managers/Past Results

Investors should research a fund's past results. The following is a list of questions that perspective investors should ask themselves when reviewing the historical record: Did the fund manager deliver results that were consistent with general market returns? Was the fund more volatile than the big indexes (it means did its returns vary dramatically throughout the year)? This information is important because it will give the investor insight into how the portfolio manager performs under certain conditions, as well as what historically has been the trend in terms of turnover and return. Prior to buying into a fund, one

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must review the investment company's literature to look for information about anticipated trends in the market in the years ahead.

Size of the Fund

Although, the size of a fund does not hinder its ability to meet its investment objectives. However, there are times when a fund can get too big. For example Fidelity's Magellan Fund. Back in 1999 the fund topped $100 billion in assets, and for the first time, it was forced to change its investment process to accommodate the large daily (money) inflows. Instead of being nimble and buying small and mid cap stocks, it shifted its focus primarily toward larger capitalization growth stocks. As a result, its performance has suffered.

Fund Transactional Activity

Portfolio Turnover Measure of how frequently assets within a fund are bought and sold by the managers. Portfolio turnover is calculated by taking either the total amount of new securities purchased or the amount of securities sold -whichever is less - over a particular period, divided by the total net asset value (NAV) of the fund. The measurement is usually reported for a 12-month time period

Fund Performance Metrics

Historical Performance The investor should see the past returns of the fund and should compare it with the peer group fund. Whatever the objective, the mutual fund is an excellent medium to accumulate financial assets and grow them over time to achieve any of these goals.

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4. Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)

SIP is similar to a Recurring Deposit. Every month on a specified date an amount you choose
is invested in a mutual fund scheme of your choice. The dates currently available for SIPs are the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and the 25th of a month. There are many benefits of investing through SIP.

Benefit 1
Become A Disciplined Investor Being disciplined - Its the key to investing success. With the Systematic Investment Plan you commit an amount of your choice (minimum of Rs. 500 and in multiples of Rs. 100 thereof*) to be invested every month in one of our schemes. Think of each SIP payment as laying a brick. One by one, youll see them transform into a building. Youll see your investments accrue month after month. Its as simple as giving at least 6 postdated monthly cheques to us for a fixed amount in a scheme of your choice. Its the perfect solution for irregular investors.

Benefit 2
Reach Your Financial Goal Imagine you want to buy a car a year from now, but you dont know where the down-payment will come from. SIP is a perfect tool for people who have a specific, future financial requirement. By investing an amount of your choice every month, you can plan for and meet financial goals, like funds for a childs education, a marriage in the family or a comfortable postretirement life.

Benefit 3

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Take Advantage of Rupee Cost Averaging Most investors want to buy stocks when the prices are low and sell them when prices are high. But timing the market is timeconsuming and risky. A more successful investment strategy is to adopt the method called Rupee Cost Averaging. We can reap this benefit by investing the amounts through a SIP .

Benefit 4
Grow Your Investment With Compounded Benefits It is far better to invest a small amount of money regularly, rather than save up to make one large investment. This is because while you are saving the lump sum, your savings may not earn much interest. With HDFC MF SIP, each amount you invest grows through compounding benefits as well. That is, the interest earned on your investment also earns interest. The following example illustrates this. Imagine Neha is 20 years old when she starts working. Every month she saves and invests Rs. 5,000 till she is 25 years old. The total investment made by her over 5 years is Rs. 3 lakhs.Arjun also starts working when he is 20 years old. But he doesnt invest monthly. He gets a large bonus of Rs. 3 lakhs at 25 and decides to invest the entire amount. Both of them decide not to withdraw these investments till they turn 50. At 50, Nehas Investments have grown to Rs. 46,68,273* whereas Arjuns investments have grown to Rs. 36,17,084*. Nehas small contributions to a SIP and her decision to start investing earlier than Arjun have made her wealthier by over Rs. 10 lakhs. *Figures based on 10% p.a. interest compounded monthly.

Benefit 5
Do All This Effortlessly Investing with SIP is easy. Simply give us post-dated cheques or opt for an Auto Debit from your bank account for an amount of your choice (minimum of Rs. 500 and in multiples of Rs. 100 thereof*) and well invest the money every month in a fund of your choice. The plans are completely flexible. You can invest for a minimum of six months, or for as long as

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you want. You can also decide to invest quarterly and will need to invest for a minimum of two quarters. All you have to do after that is sit back and watch your investments accumulate

SIP and LUMPSUM Investment in HDFC EQUITY FUND

YEAR 2007-08 NAV Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 Dec-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 151.6 159.28 165.31 166.8 168.83 182.84 210.1 206.18 223.32 188.42 188.24 165.78 SIP 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 UNITS 6.596306 6.278173 6.049131 5.995175 5.923223 5.469323 4.759638 4.850225 4.477819 5.307292 5.312367 6.032091

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25 20 NA 15 Series 10 5 0 Apr 0 May 0 Jun 0 Jul 0 Aug 0 Sep 0 Oct 0 Nov 0 Dec 0 Jan 0 Feb 0 Mar 0

PERIOD

SIP UNITS : 67.05076 AVERAGE UNIT PRICE=178.968 LUMPSUM: 12000/151.6= 79.155 AVERAGE UNIT PRICE=151.6 YEAR 2008-09: NAV Apr-0 8 May08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-0 8 Sep-0 8 Oct-0 8 Nov-0 8 101.81 1000 9.822411 110.32 1000 9.064375 145.72 1000 6.862429 158.92 1000 6.292316 178.19 169.6 143.72 151.72 1000 1000 1000 1000 5.611987 5.896226 6.958119 6.591306 SIP UNITS

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Dec-0 8 Jan-09 Feb-0 9 Mar-0 9 108.85 1000 9.186786 98.163 1000 10.18714 112.38 103.75 1000 1000 8.898618 9.638183

20 18 16 14 12 NAV 10 8 0 6 4 2 00 Apr May 0 0 8 8 Jun 0 8 Jul 0 8 Aug Sep Oct 0 0 0 8 8 8 PERIOD Nov Dec 0 0 8 8 Jan 0 9 Feb 0 9 Mar 0 9 Series

SIP UNITS : 95.00989 AVERAGE UNIT PRICE=126.3026 LUMPSUM: 12000/178.19= 67.34385 AVERAGE UNIT PRICE=178.19 YEAR 2009-10: NAV Apr-0 9 May09 Jun-0 127.07 169.9 172.81 1000 1000 1000 7.869678 5.885919 5.786702 SIP UNITS

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9 Jul-09 Aug-0 9 Sep-0 9 Oct-0 9 Nov-0 9 Dec-0 9 Jan-1 0 Feb-1 0 Mar10 223.39 235.72 1000 1000 4.476576 4.242375 224.93 1000 4.445828 231.01 1000 4.328817 224.32 1000 4.457917 209.02 1000 4.784163 211.82 1000 4.720923 193.03 1000 5.180542 185.35 1000 5.395344

25 20 15 NAV 10 5 0 Apr May Jun 0 0 0 Jul 0 Aug Sep Oct 0 0 0 PERIODS Nov Dec Jan 0 0 1 Feb Mar 1 1

Series

SIP UNITS : 61.5747

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AVERAGE UNIT PRICE=194.885 LUMPSUM: 12000/127.07= 94.4361 AVERAGE UNIT PRICE=127.07

In the year 2007-08 when the there is not much change in the opening and ending NAV there is not much difference in the units earned through SIP investment and lump sum investment. There is a constant decrease in the NAV of the fund and there is a noticeable change in the opening and ending NAV for the year 2008-09. This fall in market helps the investors in earning more units as the NAV is continuously going down. As the number of units earned increases as the average unit price of the mutual fund scheme decreases. In 2009-10 there continuous increase in the NAV and hence lump sum investment gives more units compared to SIP investments. Due to low number of units earned the average unit price is more compared to lump sum investment. SIP investments are beneficial to investors in obtaining more units when the market is down. By investing in small amounts but in continuous manner investors can reap benefits of market volatility.SIP investment benefits the investor as small amount of money can be invested in a systematic manner hence not burdening him/her with need to make large investment at one time Hence along with

convenience to the investors it also gives them advantage to reap the benefits of having extra units when the markets are down.

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5. Portfolio Rebalancing
Rebalancing is defined as the periodic adjustment of a portfolio to restore the original asset allocation mix of your mutual fund portfolio. If an investor's investment strategy or risk threshold has changed, he can rebalance his investments so that asset classes in the portfolio align with his new asset allocation plan. It is the process of selling assets that are performing well and buying assets that are underperforming. Portfolio rebalancing is one of the very few ways to generate additional returns for a portfolio without incurring any additional risk. Ex-if there is a portfolio with a 50%stocks / 50% bonds policy asset mix. If stocks return 25% return while bonds produce a 5% return, stocks become overweighed at the end of the year (54% vs. 46%). Rebalancing involves selling 4% in stocks and buying 4% in bonds to bring the asset mix back to the desired 50/50 asset mix.

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One of a very important step before rebalancing is to assign a strategic asset allocation plan appropriate to risk profile, investment goals and time horizon. Rebalancing in volatile market In rising stock markets, people often take on more risk than they're suited for ,as a result of which, they ended up with a larger percentage of stocks in their portfolios than their risk levels warranted, Many even added to their already over weighted positions by buying more and more, assuming the stellar performance trend would continue indefinitely, but when the market began a sharp fall in 2000, their investments were poundedmore than they likely expected and more than if had they rebalanced.

Rebalancing effects Financial Research studied a portfolio of 60% stocks and 40% bonds to see what would happen if no rebalancing took place. As the stock market performed well from 1994 to 1999, the portfolio's 60% stock allocation grew to nearly 80%. This portfolio became over weighted in stocks just in time for the 2000 bear market Without rebalancing, a portfolio in the 1990s became too aggressive

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but the same mix of 60% stocks and 40% bonds, starting in 2000. This time, the stock market was falling. By 2002, the portfolio's allocation had flipped, consisting of 40% stocks and 60% bonds.

Without rebalancing, a portfolio in the 2000s became too conservative

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The value of regular rebalancing A regular rebalancing plan helps instill discipline in investing process. In most cases, a rebalanced portfolio had lower risk and similar to slightly higher returns. The chart below shows what happened when we rebalanced a portfolio with a moderate risk profile annually from 1970 through 2006.

Rebalancing lowered risk and increased returns

Source: The Schwab Center for Financial Research with data from Ibbotson Associates, Inc.

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Rebalancing has proven to be more efficient than a buy and hold strategy over a full market cycle and by rebalancing periodically back to the original weighting of the portfolio, it has also been effective at risk reduction. A buy and hold strategy can be more profitable over the short term as rebalancing sole driving force is to sell off what is up and buy what is down. Because of this it is possible to reduce your position in an asset class that is still on the rise thus reducing your potential for short-term gains. Overall, or more precisely, over a full market cycle of (on average) 5-7 years, rebalancing does add value. By rebalancing we can retain control of the overall risk of a portfolio. In a volatile market, rebalancing could add to fees, but it would also keep the portfolio on target for our goals and in line with our desired level of risk

Advantages of rebalancing 1. It keeps portfolios risk within tolerable limit. 2. It generates stable return. 3. It will instill the discipline essential for investment success. 4. By rebalancing the portfolio, the investor systematically takes profit in these expense asset classes and reinvests the proceeds into the underperforming assets.

Analysis of investments in Equity and Debt and how rebalancing the portfolio will help in -Risk Management - Stability - Maximize returns

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Understanding debt and equity

Equity Pros - High returns, Low risk in Long term, High Liquidity Cons - Risky, not suitable for short term investment Debt Pros - Stable and assured returns, Good investment for short term goals Cons - Low returns

Equity + Debt- When we combine Equity and Debt, returns are better than Debt but less than Equity, but at the same time risk is also minimized, and when we apply technique of Portfolio Rebalancing, both risk and returns are well managed.

Each person should concentrate on both returns and risk. Case 1: Equity: Debt goes up. Action: Decrease the Equity part and shift it to Debt so that Equity:Debt is same as earlier. Reason: As our Equity has gone up, we could loose a lot of it if something bad happens; we shift the excess part to Debt so that it is safe and grows at least. Case 2: Equity: Debt Goes Down. Action: Decrease the Debt part and shift it to Equity, so that Equity: Debt is same as earlier. Reason: As out Equity part has decreased, we make sure that it is increased so that we don't loose out on any opportunity. Limitations of this strategy is that, once our equity exposure has gone up, if we rebalance and bring down your Equity Exposure, we will loose

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out on the profits if Equity provides great returns.

Case 3: Understanding the Game of Equity and Debt As we know that the markets are unexpected and they can go in any direction, so its better to be safe. Many people are confused that if there equity has done very well then shall they book profits and get out with money and wait for markets to come down so that they can reinvest. Portfolio rebalancing is the same thing but a little different name and methodology, so once you get good profit in something which was risky you transfer some part to non-risk Debt. The rebalancing analysis can be done with the help of an example. Eight sensex levels have been selected starting from 1st January 2007 till 1st June 2010 semiannually. The sensex levels on the below mentioned dates were: Dates 1st January 07 1st July
st

Sensex 13942.24 14664.26 20300.71 12961.68 9903.46 14645.47 17558.73 16572.03 07 08 09 10

1 January 08 1st July 1st July 1

st

1st January 09 1st January 10 June

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Working note: 14664.26-13942.24/13942.24*100 = 5.18% 20300.71-14664.26/14664.26 * 100 12961.68 20300.71/20300.71 * 100 9903.46 12961.68/12961.68 * 100 14645.47 9903.46/9903.46*100 17558.53- 14645.47/14645.47 * 100 = 38.44% = -36.15% = -23.59 % = 47.88 % = 19.89% and

16572.03 -17558.53/17558.53* 100 = -5.62%

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equity + debt without rebalancing 107090 132210.5 111237.8 106099.3 129459 146830 150837.8 equity+debt with rebalancing 107089.4 132490.9 114504.2 106148.7 136377.4 156031.3 158668.7

Time period Jan 07- July 07 July 07- Jan 08 Jan 08- July 08 July 08 - Jan 10 Jan 09- July 09 July 09- Jan 10 Jan 10 - Jun 10

Return s (%) 5.18 38.44 -36.15 -23.59 47.88 19.89 -5.62

Equity 105178. 7 145605. 8 92966.9 8 71032.9 6 105043. 9 125939. 1 118873. 6

debt@9% 109000 118810 129503 141158 153862 167709 182802

Analysis: As we can see clearly from the above table that,Hence if we consistently rebalance our portfolio we get more returns while reducing risk in our portfolio. Working note: (Assumption: tax has been ignored for calculation purposes) For equity: 1 lack is the amount of investment, we are getting 5.18% returns in the first quarter. So it will be 105178.7. Now in the next quarter return is 38.44 %,so the amount will be 105178.7*1.3844=145605.8 Similarly the rest calculations will be; 145605.8*0.6385=92966.98 92966.98*0.7641=71032.96 71032.96*1.4788=105043.9

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105043.9*1.1989=125939.1 125939.1*0.9438= 118873.6 So at the end the amount becomes 118873.6

For debt @ 9% For 1st quarter: 9%*100000=109000 For 2nd quarter: 9%*109000=118810 For 3rd quarter: 9% 118810=129503 For 4th quarter: 9% 129503=141158 For 5th quarter: 9% 141158=153862 For 6th quarter: 9% 153862=167709 For 7th quarter: 9% 167709=182802 For equity + debt (50:50) of amount 100000 without rebalancing: (118873.6+182802)/2 = 150837.8 For equity + debt (50:50) of amount 100000 with rebalancing: 1st quarter: 50*105178.70= 52589.35 50*109000=54500

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So total capital now is =107089.40 .we can see that our 50,000 in equity becomes 52589.35 and 50,000 in debt becomes 54500 .so in order to bring it to our original 50:50 ratio we will now rebalance. 2nd quarter: 50*107089.40 =53544.68 and 50*107089.40=53544.68 Now this 54175 amount becomes the opening balance for quarter 2. Calculating the returns now, 53544.68 *1.3844= 74127.25 53544.68 *1.09 =58363.7

So the total capital now becomes=132490.9 .Now again 53544.68 amount becomes 74127.25and 53544.68 becomes 58363.7disrupting our 50:50 ratio. so we will again rebalance it For 3rd quarter: 50%*132490.9=66245.47 50%*132490.9=66245.47 Calculating return in these two figures. in equity the return is -36.15% and in debt it is 9%. 66245.47*.6385=42296.68 66245.47*1.09 =72207.56

The total amount now is 114504.2.

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For 4th quarter 50%* 114504.2=57252.12 and 50% 114504.2= 57252. 57252.12 *1.3843= 43743.87 57252.12*1.09 = 62404.81 The final amount will be 106148.7 For 5th quarter 50%*106148.7 =53074.34 50% * 106148.7 =53074.34 53074.34*1.4788= 78486.34 53074.34*1.09= 57851.03 So the total is 136337.4 For 6th quarter 50% * 136337.4= 68168.69 50% * 136337.4= 68168.69 68168.69*1.1989 = 81727.44 68168.69*1.09 = 74303.87 So the total is 156031.3 For 7th quarter

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50% 156031.3= 78015.65 50% 156031.3= 78015.65 78015.65*.9438 = 73631.62 78015.65*1.09 = 85037.06

So the final total is 158668.7

Analysis Comparing the debt+ equity with and without rebalancing. Calculating CAGR without rebalancing: (150837.8/100000) 12.46% p.a Calculating CAGR with rebalancing: (158668.7/100000) p.a
0.2857 0.2857

- 1

-1

= 14.09 %

So it can be concluded that with the help of rebalancing we are getting 2.26% higher CAGR while reducing the risk and maintaining our desired portfolio allocation.

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6. Research Methodology I. Problem Statement

Aim of the project is to analyze the performance flagship equity diversified schemes of six fund houses by calculating different performance measures for the data of past three years. Through this we aim to evaluate the performance in terms of risk and the returns of the schemes.

II. Research Objective

1. To compare the performance of various 5 star rated equity diversified mutual fund schemes over a period of three years. 2. To compare the schemes with the returns of benchmark for the past three years. 3. To identify the level of risk involved in investing in various equity diversified mutual fund schemes.

II. Data Sources

Primary data

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Most of the data about the schemes of HDFC has been provided by the HDFC Asset Management Company. My industry mentor helped me obtain monthly portfolios and returns data of schemes which were available to him and also helped me acquire data from companys intranet. Secondary data Data collection: Secondary data is collected from various published journals, company fact sheets, books and from Internet.

IV. Data analysis

The data that has been collected for this study has been analysed by widely used performance parameters as: Treynor Ratio Sharpe Ratio Jensens Alpha M Squared Leverage Factor Other analysis are done by using graphs, calculations, tables etc.

V Scope Of The Study

This study calculates different measures to compare equity diversified schemes of different fund houses . For this study past three years data of the schemes and their benchmarks have been taken into consideration. It helps us see how the funds stand in comparison with each other.

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VI Limitations Of The Study
1. Time constraints: Due to shortage or less availability of time it may be possible

that all the related and concerned aspects may not be covered in the project. 2. Only past three year data has been taken in this project which might not give complete scheme performance. 3. Analysis done is limited to the availability of data.

7 Findings And Analysis

Here six funds of different companies are taken which are rated 5 star by Value Research Ratings. Value research Funds ratings are a composite measure of historical risk adjusted returns. In the case of equity and hybrid funds this rating is based on the weighted average monthly returns for the last 3 and 5 year period. In the case of debt fund this rating is based on the weighted average weekly returns for the last 18 months and 3 years period and in case of short term debt funds weekly returns for the last 18 months. Each category must have a minimum of 10 funds to be rated. Effective since July 2008,additional qualifying criteria, whereby a fund with less than Rs. 5 crore of average AUM in the past six months will not be eligible for rating. Five star indicate that a fund is in the 10% of its category in terms of historical risk adjusted returns Four star indicate that fund is in the next 22.5% ,middle 35% receive 3 star, the next 22.5%are assigned 2 star bottom 10% receive 1 star.

For our study here six schemes have been selected: HDFC EQUITY FUND

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ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPUTTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND SUNDARAN BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-

SCHEME PROFILE:

HDFC EQUITY FUND

AMC Fund Category Scheme Plan Scheme Type Launch Date Fund Manager Benchmark Assets (RS

HDFC Asset Management Company Ltd. Equity diversified Growth Open Ended January 01, 1995 Mr. Prashant Jain S&P CNX 500 6355.7

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crore)

ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND

AMC Fund Category Scheme Plan Scheme Type Launch Date Benchmark Fund Manager Assets (RS crore)

ICICI Prudential Asset Management Co. Ltd. Equity diversified Growth Open Ended August 16,2004 S&P CNX Nifty Mr. Sankaren Naren 1088.9

UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND

AMC Fund Category Scheme Plan Scheme Type Launch Date Benchmark Fund Manager Assets (RS crore)

UTI Asset Management Co. Ltd. Equity diversified Growth Open Ended July 16,2005 BSE 100 Mr. Harsh Upadhyaya 1432.78

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IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A

AMC Fund Category Scheme Plan Scheme Type Launch Date Benchmark Fund Manager Assets (RS crore)

IDFC Asset Management Company Ltd. Equity diversified Growth Open Ended September 28, 2005 BSE 500 Mr. Kenneth Andrade 1443.25

RELIANCE RSF FUND

AMC Fund Category Scheme Plan Scheme Type Launch Date Benchmark Fund Manager Assets (RS crore)

RELAINCE Asset Management Co. Ltd. Equity diversified Growth Open Ended June 8,2005 BSE 100 Mr. Arpit Malaviya 2722.39

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SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

AMC Fund Category Scheme Plan Scheme Type Launch Date Benchmark Fund Manager Assets (RS crore)

ICICI Prudential Asset Management Co. Ltd. Equity diversified Growth Open Ended February 15,2005 CNX midcap Mr. S Krishna Kumar 695.139

For all the above schemes returns of the past three years i.e. 2007-10 , have been considered. Similarly returns are taken for the benchmarks of the respective schemes. Calculation of different parameters like average return , beta, standard deviation, sharpe ratio, treynor ratio have been done for all the schemes for all years separately.

AVERAGE MONTHLY RETURN

SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 1.72 1.11 3.27 (2.56) (2.86) (1.83) 5.95 7.50 4.14

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IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G 2.65 (3.86) 6.30 3.79 4.38 (3.31) (2.9) 5.46 5.77

The table above average monthly returns of the mutual fund schemes for 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10. During the period of analysis, it was in the year 2009- 10, that the funds have yielded the maximum return. Among them, the top return was provided by ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund with a value of 7.5%. The lowest return giving fund for the year was UTI Opportunities Fund and the value was 4.14%. Performance in the year 2008-09 was the least in all the three years. Least returns this year was from Sundaram BNP Paribas SMILE REG-G fund with the returns being -3.86% and highest were of UTI Opportunities Fund with returns of -1.83%. Low returns in this year were because of recession that hit the market. In the year 2007-08 highest returns were given by Reliance RSF Fund with returns being 4.38% and lowest returns were 1.11% of ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund.

STANDARD DEVIATION SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND 2007-08 0.08 0.09 2008-09 0.12 0.12 2009-10 0.10 0.09

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UTI OPPUTTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLANA RELAINCE RSF FUND SUNDARAN BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.12 0 .11

Standard Deviation of a fund depicts, that how much the returns of the fund have deviated from the mean level. The higher the value of standard deviation, the greater will be the volatility in the fund's returns. In 2007-08 ,standard deviation of 10% was highest among all for Reliance RSF Fund and Sundaram BNP Paribas SMILE REG-G meaning that the fund's return fluctuated in either direction (up or down) by 10% from its average return ,whereas HDFC Equity fund showed minimum deviation of 8%.
In the year 2008-09 Sundaram BNP Paribas SMILE REG-G showed the maximum

volatility by having standard deviation of 13%. UTI Opportunities Fund had the minimum standard deviation of 10%

For the year 2009-10 Reliance RSF Fund was the most volatile fund with standard

deviation of 12%. IDFC Premier Equity Plan A had the least value of 7%

BETA

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SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELAINCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G 2007-08 0.87 0.84 0.95 0.87 0.99 0.95 2008-09 0.91 0.98 0.82 0.87 1.00 0.97 2009-10 0.86 0.87 0.80 0.71 1.02 1.10

Beta measures the non- diversifiable risk of a portfolio. Normally, the value of beta lies somewhere between 0.4 and 1.9. In this case, the sample involves only equity diversified schemes. Therefore, the beta lies at a range from 0.71 to 1.10. During the financial year 2007- 08, Reliance RSF Fund was considered as the highest risky fund as it was having highest beta value of 0.99. The lowest risky fund was ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund with a beta of 0.84. In the year 2008- 09, high risky fund was Reliance RSF Fund and the value was 1. The low risky fund for this financial year was UTI Opportunities Fund and the value was 0.82. The high risky fund for the financial year 2009- 10 was Sundaram BNP Paribas SMILE REG-G Fund with the Beta value of 1.1 next was Relaince RSF Fund with beta of 1.02.Low risk fund for this year was IDFC Equity Plan A with beta value of 0.71.

SHARPE RATIO

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SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPUTTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

2007-08 2.06 0.63 4.11 6.11 5.24 3.59

2008-09 (3.40) (3.47) (3.23) (3.63) (3.64) (3.54)

2009-10 11.44 13.97 9.94 14.63 10.48 10.87

The above table shows the Sharpe ratio of various schemes for the financial years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009- 10. Sharpe ratio is a measure of the excess return per unit of risk in an investment asset of a trading strategy. The Sharpe ratio is used to characterize how well the return of an asset compensates the investor for the risk taken. The selected mutual fund schemes showed the best risk adjusted performance during the financial year 200910. Among them, IDFC Equity Plan A was considered as the best one with a ratio of 14.63. The least performance was shown by UTI Opportunities Fund which has a ratio of 9.94. The performance of all selected mutual fund schemes was really low during the financial year 2008- 09. Funds were even having negative Sharpe ratio. The lowest risk adjusted performance was shown by Reliance RSF Fund and the value was -3.64. UTI Opportunities Fund which showed the risk adjusted performance with a Sharpe ratio of -3.23 which was best among all. In the year 2007-08, IDFC Premier Equity Plan A is the fund which has shown the

maximum Sharpe ratio of 6.11. It means that the fund has provided the maximum risk adjusted return as compared to other funds. The fund having the least Sharpe value is ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund with a value of 0.63.

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TREYNOR RATIO SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELAINCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G 2007-08 0.19 0.07 0.37 0.60 0.53 0.37 2008-09 (0.43) (0.32) (0.38) (0.46) (0.43) (0.47) 2009-10 1.26 1.73 0.99 1.46 1.01 1.11

Treynors ratio measures the funds performance in relation to the markets performance. The table shows the Treynors ratio of selected mutual fund schemes for three financial years 2007-08,2008-09 and 2009-10. .It was during the financial year 2009- 10, that the funds showed the highest performance among the three years of analysis. All the funds were having its highest Treynor ratio during this financial year. Among them, the top performing fund was ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund. The value was 1.73. The lowest performance was shown by UTI Opportunities Fund. The value was 0.99. The financial year 2008- 09 was a low performance year for almost all mutual fund schemes. The returns reduced significantly as compared to previous financial year. Some schemes showed even a negative Treynors ratio. ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund is the fund which showed the maximum Treynors ratio during this financial year. The value was -0.32 and the least performing fund was SUNDARAM BNP Paribas SMILE REG- G Fund. Its value was -0.47. In the year 2007-08, IDFC Equity Plan A Fund is having the maximum Treynors ratio of 0.60. It means that the scheme has a better risk adjustedperformance as compared to other schemes. The scheme having the lowest Treynor ratio is ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund. The ratio is 0.07. This shows that the fund is having a low risk adjusted performance.

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JENSEN ALPHA

SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELAINCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

2007-08 (0.0109) (0.0207) (0.0013) 0.0693 0.0235 (0.0026)

2008-09 (0.0026) (0.0050) 0.0052 0.0097 (0.0342) (0.0024)

2009-10 0.0110 0.0377 (0.0111) (0.0005) 0.0045 (0.0018)

Jensens performance index is used as a measure of absolute performance of the portfolio. The above table shows the Jensens alpha measure for the financial years2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009- 10. In the year 2007-08, the highest risk- adjusted performance is shown by IDFC Premier Equity Plan A with a value of 0.0693. The lowest risk- adjusted performance was shown by ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund and the value was -0.0207. During the financial year 2008- 09, the least value was shown by Relaince RSF Fund and the value was -0.0342. The highest risk adjusted performance for this financial year was shown by IDFC Premier Equity Plan A and the value was 0.0097. For the year 2009-10, the highest Jensens measure is for ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund and the value is 0.0377. The lowest value is for UTI Opportunities Fund and it is -0.0111.

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M^2(M SQUARE)

SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

2007-08 0.2340 0.1033 0.4711 0.5952 0.5056 0.4012

2008-09 (0.3512) (0.3309) (0.3225) (0.4399) (0.3698) (0.4211)

2009-10 1.1423 1.5213 0.9809 1.5624 1.0319 1.124

The M-squared is a performance measurement using return per unit of total risk as measured by the standard deviation. The table above shows that in the year 2007-08 IDFC Premier Equity Plan A fund scored high on it with a value of 0.5952 and ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund showed least value with 0.10. In 2008-09 all the funds showed negative performance as the markets were down too. Among all UTI Opportunities Fund showed best performance with value of -0.3225 and IDFC Equity Plan A gave the minimum value of -0.4399. For the year 2009-10 IFDC Premier Equity Plan A Fund showed highest values of 1.5624 among all the funds. And UTI Opportunities Fund had the minimum values of 0.98.

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LEVERAGE FACTOR (Li):

SCHEMES HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELAINCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

2007-08 1.14 0.89 1.01 1.009 0.87 1.00

2008-09 1.02 0.92 1.20 1.22 0.96 1.02

2009-10 1.00 0.98 1.18 1.45 0.95 0.88

The above table shows the leverage factor of various schemes for the financial years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009- 10. In 2007-08 leverage factor is highest for HDFC Equity fund this means that it has low fund standard deviation compared to market standard deviation and hence investor should consider levering this fund by investing more in it. Similarly for IDFC Premier Equity plan A in 2008-09 and 2009-10 investor should consider to invest more as they are having leverage factor more than one. For year 2007-08, Reliance RSF Fund has the lowest Leverage factor and also less than one means fund standard deviation is more than market standard deviation and hence investor should consider unlevering this fund by selling of part of holding in the fund . Similarly for Sundaram BNP Paribas SMILE REG- G fund in 2008-09 and ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund in 2009-10 investor should take similar steps as there leverage factor is less than one.

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8. Rankings

2007-08 Rank Sharpe

IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND

Treynor
IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

Jensen
IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

M2
IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A RELIANCE RSF FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND

Leverage Factor
HDFC EQUITY FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND

1 2

IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A

During the financial year 2007- 08, Treynors ratio, Sharpe, Jensens and M-Squared measure rate IDFC Premier Equity Plan A as the best one, whereas, HDFC Equity Fund got the best rating in case of Leverage Factor. Thus, the best picks of financial year 2007- 08 include HDFC Equity Fund, IDFC Equity Plan A , Reliance RSF Fund , UTI Opportunities Fund . 2008-09

Rank

Sharpe

Treynor

Jensen

M2

Leverage Factor

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UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND UTI OPPUTTUNITIES FUND UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND

IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A UTI OPPUTTUNITIES FUND SUNDARAM BNP PARIBAS S.M.I.L.E REG-G

IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND

HDFC EQUITY FUND ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND

HDFC EQUITY FUND

HDFC EQUITY FUND

HDFC EQUITY FUN

In the year 2008-09 according to Jensen Alpha and Leverage Factor IDFC Equity Plan A was the best performing fund whereas on the basis of M-Squared and Sharpe ratio UTI OpportunitiesFund was the best in performance . ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund did best on M-Squared . Amongst the top three ranked fund were Sundaram BNP Paribas SMILE REG and HDFC Equity Fund . 2009-10

Rank

Sharpe

Treynor
ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A HDFC EQUITY FUND

Jensen
ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND

M2
IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND HDFC EQUITY FUND

Leverage Factor

2 3

IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A ICICI PRUDENTIAL DISCOVERY FUND HDFC EQUITY FUND

IDFC PREMIER EQUITY PLAN A UTI OPPORTUNITIES FUND HDFC EQUITY FUND

HDFC EQUITY FUND RELIANCE RSF FUND

In the year 2009-10, ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund performed well on Treynor Ratio and Jensen Alpha whereas IDFC Premier Equity Plan A performed well on Sharpe Ratio,M-Squared and Leverage Factor. HDFC Equity Fund, Reliance RSF Fund, UTI Opportunities fund were other funds that were also in the top three performing funds.

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9. Conclusion
In this study the performance of various mutual fund schemes in the equity diversified segment was considered. Analysis was based on the risk and returns of various schemes. On analysis, it was revealed that there is a certain amount of risk involved, while investing in equity diversified schemes, as the beta values of schemes falls within a range of 0.71 and 1.10. The study also revealed the fact that almost all the equity diversified schemes were affected in the year 2008-09 when recession had hit the market. Values for average returns, Sharpe and Treynor were lowest. Whereas in the year 2009-10 when the market were recovering and

investors were again showing faith in the market schemes showed good risk adjusted performance, as most of the schemes were having positive values in case of the performance measures. Schemes like IDFC Equity Plan A and HDFC Equity Fund were the top performing schemes in different parameters for 2007-08. In 2008-09 UTI Opportunities Fund, IDFC Equity Plan A and ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund were the best of all and in 2009-10 IDFC Equity Plan A and ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund performed the best.

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The study is highly beneficial to the investors as it gives them chance to compare and analyze different scheme. Thus, the it helps the investors of all classes, in seeing how the different five star rated funds stand in comparison with each other. Along with this we are also able to see that in the difference between Systematic and Lump sum investment. We found out that if markets are down then then SIP helps us in securing more units. In todays time when market movements cannot be predicted investors tend to go for SIP as it does help them take advantage of the low market rates. Also it removes the burden of investing large amount of money at one time. Further the effects of rebalancing showed that the returns that were earned when rebalancing was done was higher compared to the returns that were earned without rebalancing. Hence setting rules for rebalancing your mutual fund portfolio and adhering to those rules will ensure that you sell high and buy low in the process of maintaining the desired composition. One need to decide up front how often he/she will rebalance their portfolio. One should plan on doing it at least once a year and possibly quarterly. Also, one should set target ranges and rebalance any funds as soon as they blow through the upper or lower end of their ranges.

References
1. Naresh Malhotra, Research Methodology 2. Reilly/Brown, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. 3. www.valueresearchonline.com 4. www.moneycontrol.com 5. www.nseindia.com 6. www.bseindia.com 7. www.hdfcfund.com.

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