1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Statement of Thesis 1.2 Overview Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling /controlling protoco l for initiating , managing and terminating IP-based multimedia services across commonly used packet network, that perform the preliminary function necessary to make communication between the end-point smooth and easy. SIP as being controll ing protocol provides building block for new media blending application in IMS ne twork and also used for enterprise multimedia application, instant message, and multimedia session and for gaming [1]. SIP is an application-layer signaling protocol that is used to establish , modif y , and terminate interactive multimedia session over internet protocol between two intelligent terminals that share many features for to make successfully tran sfer of Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) session. It is using Uniform Resour ce Locators (URL) for clear text client /server protocol addressing [1]. SIP has several headers that carry security information which are present in SIP requests and responses. Proxy-Authenticate, Proxy-Authorization, and WWW Authen ticate header and Authorization headers are the example of security-specific he aders that has several parameters which contain different values to establish a secure session. However dont consider that these headers has such a mechanism t o achieve better security. The authorization and the proxy-authorization headers in SIP carry authentication credential and negligible information, but all thes es parameters are misnomers [2]. SIP goes beyond the scope of VoIP to provide building blocks for new enterprise communication applications 1.3 1.4 Motivation for the research Signaling Protocols

Conversion of data and telecommunication network nowadays leading to one and transparent promises to provide better and reliable quality, better s ervices and better deals for everybody at anytime. There is a freedom for the us er to choose different operation for different services with respect to user nee d and enable better price and quality ratios, in telecommunication market [3]. S IP is a signaling protocol as the term suggest, used for the signaling between t he end point to establish communication and pass information to each other as ol d common channel Signaling System in Public Switch Telephony Network (PSTN) doe s. However with the advent of internet, different signaling protocol like SIP ar e supplemented in legacy system, because of its ability for convergence of di fferent kind of data like video, voice, and text on the IP network. In TCP/IP protocol model it actually exists at application layer and the session layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model). SIP use IP address es to route their massages through the destination so it would require router to look at the session layer before forwarding a packet, meanwhile there are diffe rent devices in SIP that called SIP network elements employed specially for per forming the session layer functionalities, these elements are called signaling n etworks [2]. 1.5 History of Signaling Protocols In telecommunication network, there has been dramatic increase. Signal

ing for circuit-switch networks was in-band until digitalization of the commonly used signaling protocol. The Signaling protocol which was used to send signal i nformation over the voice connection, hopping from switch to switch later it was usher out of band into network. To carry the processing load and usage load, sw itches and trunks led to the development of signaling standard as common channe l interoffice system. Digital network system brought a tremendous advancement in intelligence into the circuit switch telecommunication word, and also made separ ated call management and signaling portion from the voice channel. There has been further devolpment in signaling standard like SS7 (used in intel ligence network worldwide for billing, voice interaction and other applications) . IETF is a standard In IETF sigtran protocol SS7 reached a pure voice network p rotcol

1.6 SIP the protocol for the future 1.7 Applications of the research 1.7.1 Research and Educational Institutes 1.7.2 Commercial use 1.7.3 Information Sharing 1.8 Research Overview [1]. Z. Rusinovic and N. Bogunovic Self-healing Model for SIP-Based Services, Tel ecommunications, 2009. ConTEL 2009. 10th International Conference on 8-10 June 2 009 [2]. Mudassir Fajandar (M.S. Telecommunications). Implementing an Authorization m odel in a SIP User Agent to secure SIP sessions B.E., Bombay University 2003, [3]. Tomas Vitvar and Jana Viskova Jana Viskova Web Services, 2005. ECOWS 2005. Th ird IEEE European Conference on 2006.