Analysis Questions 1.

The way the chromosomes are separated during anaphase Mitosis leads to two daughter cells that are diploids and genetically identical to the parent cell. The chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell during metaphase and then are pulled to opposite sides of the cell during anaphase. The chromosomes (two matching chromatids bound together) are split down the middle resulting in exactly the same genes on either side of the cell, and when the cell finally splits in telophase, the same genes are located in each cell. This results in two cells that are exactly the same. 2. The process of mitosis differs in plant and animal cells because of the cell wall that plant cells contain. The cell cannot separate in the process of telophase due to the cell wall, this creates the difference in plant and animals process of mitosis. After the process of anaphase (chromosomes are on either side of the cell) multiple vacuoles containing small pieces of a cell wall. They line up in the middle of the cell and fuse together to form a cell membrane (the vacuoles themselves are made out of the material needed for the cell membrane) and the pieces of cell wall are joined and they are now a full cell wall. This cell wall and cell membrane, once formed, push the two sides of the cell apart, resulting in two cells. 3. The centrosome is a composed of two centrioles. The centrosome is very important in the process of cellular division, because of the spindle fibers. The spindle fiber (microtubules that emerge off of the centrioles) separates the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division because the microtubules pull the chromosomes to either side of the cell, and then push the cell apart. Without the spindle fibers pulling the chromosomes apart and pushing the cell apart, cell division wouldnt be possible. The centrosome itself doesnt do anything during the cellular division, but the spindle fibers that emerge play a large role in the process. 4. The roots continue to grow as they search for water and nutrients. These regions of growth are good for studying the cell cycle because at any given time, you can find cells that are undergoing mitosis. The root is the most highly active area for cellular division, because the cells in the root tips are obtaining nutrients and providing the plants with those nutrients. They constantly are multiplying to provide the plant with more and more of those nutrients. In the areas of the plant that arent the root, the cellular division would be less or at a lower rate than the roots. Therefore, if we were to freeze an area of the plant that wasnt the roots, the results would show a larger percent of cells in interphase, and a lesser percentage of cells in prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

5. Based on the information that was received in the observation of a root tip frozen during its cellular activities, it is shown that a cell spends about 73 percent of its time in Interphase. This is because; interphase is when the cell must prepare for cell division. The cell must multiply its organelles and pass several checkpoints deigned to make sure that the cell is preparing for division properly. The stages within interphase that occur between checkpoints are: G1 (in which the cell grows and functions normally), Synthesis (in which the cell duplicates its DNA), and G2 (in which the cell resumes its growth in preparation for mitosis. All these processes contribute to the large amount of time the cell spends in interphase. The cell spends around 24 percent of its time in Prophase. In prophase that cell has fewer processes to perform. The nuclear envelope becomes very porous and almost invisible, spindle fiber begins to elongate, and the centrosomes move to the poles of the cell. The cell spends about 1.3 percent of its life in Metaphase. In this phase the chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell and the spindle is increased. Anaphase and telophase account for 1.5 percent together in a cells life cycle. The processes happen very quickly and finish the cellular division. Their processes take very little time and are rapid. 6.