Greek Colonies

Between 750 and 550 B.C., many Greeks settled distant lands for better trade and farmland Italy, France, Spain, and northern Africa Hellespont and Bosporus The most notable being Byzantium, which later became Constantinople and then Istanbul

Greek Colonies

Increased trade and industry in exports Pottery Wine Olive oil Imports Lumber Grain Slaves This Created a new wealthy class of Merchants who wanted political power

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

Were the Greek motives for colonization similar to or different from the American motives in settling the west?

The motives of wanting good farmland is the same in both cases, but the Americans were not so concerned with expanding trade, even though trade naturally expanded as people settled the west.

TYRANNY in the City-States

The new wealthy class led to the rise of tyrants in the Greek city-states

Tyrant- leader who seized power by force from the ruling aristocrats Supported because aristocratic oppression Kept power by using hired soldiers
New classes begin to participate in government Democracies- led my many Oligarchies- led by fews

Tyrants fall out by 6th century B.C.

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

Why do you think tyranny ended in the 6th century B.C.? The rule of tyrants ended because it contradicted the greek rule of law. Power can not be held by force.

 Population in 475 430 B.C.

Approx. 100,000 Peloponnesian League Strongest Military power

SP AR TA

Allies

Legacy

SPARTA

Sparta gained land through conquest

Laconians and Messenians These people became serfs who worked for the Spartans Helots-Capture

To maintain power Sparta created a military state that was rigidly controlled
Boys were militarily disciplined Entered military at 20 Lived in barracks until 30 Public Dining

SPARTA

Spartans could mary at 20 and vote at 30 Stayed in the army until 60 Spartan women lived at home while their husbands lived in the barracks
This gave them more rights and power than other greek women They expected their husbands and sons to be brave in battle, to win or be killed Expected to remain fit to bear and raise healthy children

SP AR TA
v
Ephors (5) Oversee day to day operations Elected annually - rotate monthly

Sparta's Oligarchy Kings (2) Role assumed due to power Command army Apella - Council (28) Acted as judges Proposed laws Assembly (___) All male citizens over 30 Must be a Spartan

SP AR TA
v
Ephors (5) Oversee day to day operations Elected annually - rotate monthly

Sparta's Oligarchy Kings (2) Role assumed due to power Command army Apella - Council (28) Acted as judges Proposed laws Assembly (___) All male citizens over 30 Must be a Spartan

SPARTA

Sparta closed itself off from the outside world Travelers and travel were discouraged, except for military reasons Spartans frowned upon new ideas and the arts. Only the art of war mattered

Sparta kept its strict discipline in part by closing itself off from outside influences and new ideas. Why was doing so important to maintaining their authoritarian society?
Being open to new and foreign ideas and influences could be a basis for criticizing society and the government

Assignment
Put yourself in Ancient Sparta. Think about what your typical day would consist of. Write your story in three paragraphs.

Ancient Athens was first ruled by a king, but by the seventh century B.C. It was ruled by an oligarchy of aristocrats
Best land Controlled political life

AT HE NS

By the end of the seventh century, Athens had serious economic and political troubles
Farmers sold into slavery for not paying debt People called for debts to be dropped Land to the poor

ATHENS
Solon- 1959 B.C.

Canceled debuts Did not give land to the poor

Since the poor could not obtain land, internal strife continued. It led to tyranny

Pisistratus 560 B.C.

Tyrant Help merchants Gave the poor land

ATHENS

Athenians revolt against Pisistratus son Cleisthenes 508 B.C.

Ends tyranny 510 B.C. Created a new council 500 all male members Propose laws and supervise the treasury and foreign affairs Free and open debate Laid foundation for athenian democracy

Why would a council of 500 work better than An oligarchy of aristocrats? Aristocrats were rich and owned the best land, so were not focused on the needs of the lower class. With 500 members free to debate, Athens became much more fare.

ATHENIAN GOVERNMENT: Assembly: all male citizens over 20 years of age; enjoyed full and final power. Council of Five Hundred: citizens over 30 years of age; chosen by lot, fifty from each tribe; proposed laws to the Assembly. Court: chosen by lot from the citizens; no judge; juries were very large; each juror voted by secret ballot. Archons: nine citizens who at one time were all-powerful, but after reforms the Council of Five Hundred took over most of their powers.

First Persian contact took place in Eastern Greece empire Ionian Greek cities in western Asia Minor revolted unsuccessfully

Earliest Beginnings
The earliest Philosophy began philosophical when human beings questions were tried to understand things like...... the world through the use of reason, rather What is the than through world made of? religious myths or What holds the accepting the world up? authority of others

Earliest Beginnings
The first known philosopher was Thales, who lived in Miletus, in southern Asia Minor. He thought that world was all made out of a single element He believed it was all water, in one form or another Other early philosophers adopted different views, both the number of the basic elements, and on its nature

Everything is flux You can't step in the same river twice - Heraclitus

The Pythagoreans
A school of thinkers founded by Pythagoras, 570 BC- 497 BC. Studied mathematics and philosophy, which he tried to unite Thought to be the first person to apply the word cosmos to the universe the insight that the universe had an order to it, which Pythagoras believed could be expressed by humans in terms of mathematics

Socrates 470-399 B.C.

The first great Greek Born and lived in Athens Turned away from the thinking of previous philosophers - they were all at odds with each other, and none proposed a method by which to decide between them - they made little practical differences anyway, even if we could discover which was true
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EwaFkPMdlY

Socrates 470-399 B.C.

Socrates taught many pupils but excepted no payments The goal of education was only to improve the individual's soul Socratic Method - question and answer

Socrates 470-399 B.C.

Socrates and his pupils questioned authority. After losing the Peloponnesian War, Athenians did not trust open debate. Socrates was tried and convicted of corrupting the youth. He was sentenced to death and died by drinking hemlock

The unexamined life is not worth living - Socrates

Plato
Student of Socrates He was preoccupied with the nature of reality and how we know reality. First person to write philosophy - Wrote accounts of Socrates

Aristotle

Studied at Plato's school in Athens, the Academy, for 20 years Analyzed and classified things by observation and investigation - this is how he defined reality Wrote on ethics, logic, politics, poetry, astronomy, biology, and physics