wIa|aI sIaI bIy

jaI s|I b _
.,
Guideline For
Performing Islamic Rites
At The International
Space Station (ISS)
Department of Islamic Development Malaysia
First Edition 2007
Second Edition 2008
Department of Islamic Development Malaysia, 2007
www.islam.gov.my
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic,
photocopying, mechanical, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission in writing of the Director
General, Department of Islamic Development Malaysia.
Consultancies are subject to the calculation of royalties
andhonoraria.
Published by
Department of Islamic Development Malaysia
CONTENTS
Foreword
Terminologies 6
1. Purpose 8
2. Introduction 9
3. Performing Islamic Rites at ISS 10
4. Related Issues 14
5. Conclusion 15
iv
FOREWORD

Assalamualaikumwarahmatullahi wabarakatuh
PraisebetoAllah, theAlmighty, for whosegrace, the
Department of Islamic Development Malaysia has
managed to publish the Guideline For Performing
Islamic Rites At The International Space Station (ISS)
in English, Bahasa Malaysia, Russian and Arabic to
serve as a reference for Muslim astronauts in
performingtheir religious rites.
Space exploration is an advancement in the history
of civilisation. The rapiddevelopment of knowledge
will surely encourage further exploration in future.
No matter where a Muslim is and no matter how
technology evolves, his or her religious rites remain
an obligation which must be performed. The
sophistication of ISS and its conditions which are
different from those on Earth are not obstacles
which prevent astronauts from performing their
religious rites, particularly because Islam grants
concessions (rukhsah) for difficult circumstances.
Appreciating the greatness of Allah and giving
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priority to the interest of the ummah must be the
ultimategoal of theexploration.
It is hopedthat this Guideline will serve as a practical
guideline on performing Islamic rites at ISS for
Muslim astronauts, whether from Malaysia or
elsewhere, and as a reference for the public.
Observing the teachings of Islamwill indeed ensure
amoremeaningful scientificresearch.
Director General
Department of IslamicDevelopment Malaysia
(DATO' WAN MOHAMAD BIN DATO' SHEIKH ABD AZIZ)
6
a. Islamicrites
b. Space
c. MaqasidAl-Shariah
d. Tayammum
Islamic rites referred to in this Guideline
comprise the manner of cleansing, determining
prayer times, determining the direction of the
qiblat, performing the prayer, determining
fastingtime, managingthedeadandothers.
Refer to space beyond the atmosphere of the
earth.
The objectives of shariah in preserving religion,
life, intellect, progenyandproperty.
The act of wiping the face and the two hands
with dust from unsoiled earth instead of
performing wudu (ablution) when water is not
available or when there are impediments in
usingwater.
TERMINOLOGIES

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e. Halal
f. Aurah
A ruling which permits an action to be done (in
Islam). Permissible, lawful.
The body parts which must be covered and
remainconcealed(accordingtoIslamicrulings).
8
1. PURPOSE
The Guideline For Performing Islamic Rites At The
International Space Station (ISS) is prepared by the
Department of Islamic Development Malaysia
(JAKIM) toserveas areferencefor Muslimastronauts
inperformingIslamic rites at ISS. Withthis guideline,
it is hoped that Muslim astronauts will be able to
concentrate fully on space research while fulfilling
with ease their responsibilities as a Muslim.
Furthermore, it will also serve as a guide on the
importance of preserving the maqasid al-shariah
under all circumstances.

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2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 The issue of performing Islamic rites in space
emerged when the government announced in
June 2003 that it will send astronauts to the
International SpaceStation(ISS).
2.2 Various views and proposals were presented by
academicians on this issue since there is a
possibility that the astronaut whowill be sent to
ISSis aMuslim.
2.3 The manner of cleansing, determining prayer
times, determining the direction of the qiblat,
performing the prayer, determining fasting
time, managing the dead and others, raised
manyquestions amongthepublic.
2.4 Hence, aSeminar OnIslamAndLifeInSpacewas
organised by the National Space Agency
(ANGKASA) in collaboration with JAKIM during
the period 25 26 April 2006 to deliberate on
the issues of performing Islamic rites in space
andat theISSfromanIslamic perspectiveandto
findsolutions for thesaidissues.
10
3. PERFORMING ISLAMIC RITES AT ISS
Performing Islamic rites at ISS comprises the
followings:
can be performed by using the tissue
papers usedat theISS.
Conditions of performing areas follows:
i. The material used in performing
must be pure, not (filthy) and not
venerated.
ii. The material used in performing
must bedry.
iii. The material used in performing
must not besmoothsurfaced.
iv. The number of materi al s used i n
performing must be at least three
suchas threestones.
v. must be performed before the
emitted (filth) dries.
vi. The emitted must not spread from
the original place from which it was
emitted.
3.1 Method of (Cleaning of private parts
after relievingoneself)
istinja
Istinja
istinja
istinja
najis
istinja
istinja
istinja
Istinja
najasah
najasah

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3.2 LiftingtheStateof Ritual Impurity
3.3 DeterminingtheDirectionof theQiblat
3.4 DeterminingPrayerTimes
i. Liftingthestateof minor impurity
Liftingthe state of minor impurity is achievedby
performing tayammum (dry ablution) by
strikingthepalms of bothhands onawall, mirror
andthelike(eventhoughthereis nodust).
ii. Liftingthestateof major impurity
Lifting the state of major impurity is achieved
bythesamemethodstatedin3.2(i).
The direction of the qiblat shall be determined
as muchas possibleinthefollowingorder:
i. Kaabah
ii. Kaabahs projection
The times of the daily five prayers is defined
within a period of 24 hours (1 day on Earth) and
shall follow the prayer times of the astronauts
point of departure (in this case, Baikonur,
Kazakhstan).
iii.Earth
iv.Anydirection
1
1
With the necessary adjustments for areas above 45 North
Latitude in accordance with the
issuedbyJAKIM

12
3.5 Methodof PerformingPrayers
i. Prayers may be performed in the jama and
qasr form (shortening and combining
prayers) and need not be compensated later
byperformingqadhaprayers.
ii. The fundamental physical actions of the
prayer are to be performed by the astronaut
as the situation at ISS permits, according to
thefollowingorder:
a. Upright standing. If he/she is unable to
stand upright, then any standing
position.
b. If the person is unable to stand up, then
he/she may sit down. The ruku (bowing)
may be performed by bending the head
so that it is parallel to the knees or even
better, parallel totheplaceof prostration.
c. If the person is unable to sit, he/she may
lie down on his/her right side facing the
qiblat.
d. If the person is unable to lie down on
his/her right side, he/she may lie on
his/her back.
e. If the person is unable to lie on his back,
he/she may perform the fundamental

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_, . .
., _
-

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physical actions of the prayer by
gesturing with the eyelids for each prayer
movement.
f. If the person is still unable to do the
above, then he/she shall pass the actions
of the prayer through his/her mind, i.e. by
imagining himself/herself standing,
bowing, prostrating, etc.
iii. The spokenfundamental requirements of the
prayer are performed in the usual manner as
practicedonEarth.
i. Fasting can be performed at ISS or
alternatively on Earth by way of qadha
(compensating for the missed fasting) where
themonthof Ramadhanis involved.
ii. Fasting time shall follow the fasting time of
theastronauts point of departure.
i. The dead body must be returned to Earth so
that it canbemanagedas usual.
ii. If the dead body cannot be returned to Earth,
thenit is permissibletolayit torest inspaceby
performingasimplefuneral ceremony.
3.6 PerformingtheFast
3.7 ManagingtheDead
14
4.1 Food
4.2 DressEtiquette
4.3 EtiquetteofTraveling
If there is any doubt on the halal status of the
food prepared, it may be consumed to alleviate
hunger only.
i. Muslim astronauts must observe the Islamic
rulings regardingtheaurah:
a. The aurah of a male is between the navel
andtheknee.
b. The aurah of a female is all parts of the
body except thefaceandthepalms of the
hands.
i. The journey to space is a journey which is
permissibleinIslam.
ii. Astronauts must observe the etiquettes of
traveling:
a. MaintainingrelationshipwithGod.
b. Maintaining harmonious relationships
amongpeople.
c. Preservingthespaceenvironment.
4. RELATED ISSUES

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15
It is hoped that this Guideline will be observed by
Muslimastronauts so as to ensure the success of the
research mission in space besides attaining the
pleasureof GodtheAlmighty.
5. CONCLUSION
Garis Panduan
Pelaksanaan Ibadah
Di International Space
Station, ISS (Stesen
Angkasa Antarabangsa)
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia
Cetakan Pertama 2007
Cetakan Kedua 2008
Diterbitkan oleh
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, 2007
www.islam.gov.my
Hak Cipta Terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar
ulang mana-mana bahagian data kandungan buku ini
dalam apa jua bentuk dan dengan apa jua cara sama ada
secara elektronik, fotokopi, mekanik, rakaman atau apa
cara sebelummendapat keizinan bertulis daripada Ketua
Pengarah, Jabatan Kemaj uan Islam Malaysia.
Perundingan tertakluk kepada perkiraan royalti dan
honorarium.
15


,
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5.
14
4.1
4.2 ( )
4.3
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KANDUNGAN
Kata Pengantar iv
Daftar Istilah 6
1. Tujuan 8
2. Pengenalan 9
3. Pelaksanaan Ibadah di ISS 10
4. Hal-Hal Berkaitan 14
5. Penutup 15
iv
Kata Pengantar
Assalamualaikumwarahmatullahi wabarakatuh
Syukur ke hadrat Allah S.W.T. kerana Jabatan
KemajuanIslamMalaysia berjaya menerbitkanGaris
PanduanPelaksanaanIbadahDi International Space
Station, ISS (Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa) dalam
versi Bahasa Inggeris, Bahasa Malaysia, Arab dan
Russi a sebagai panduan beri badah untuk
angkasawanberagamaIslam.
Penerokaan angkasa adalah suatu kemajuan dalam
sejarah ketamadunan. Kepesatan perkembangan
ilmu pengetahuan sudah pastinya mempergiatkan
lagi penerokaan di masa hadapan. Walau di mana
jua seorang Muslim berada dan bersilih gantinya
teknologi, ibadah akan terus kekal sebagai
ketetapannya. Kecanggihan ISS dan keadaannya
yang berbeza daripada keadaan di bumi bukanlah
suatu halangan untuk angkasawan menunaikan
i badah l ebi h-l ebi h l agi I sl am mempunyai
kemudahan (rukhsah) ketika keadaan sukar.
Penghayatan kebesaran Ilahi dan pengutamaan

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v
kemaslahatan umat hendaklah menjadi titik akhir
kepadapenerokaan.
Semoga Garis Panduan ini dapat dijadikan panduan
beribadah yang praktikal kepada angkasawan
Muslimsamada dari Malaysia ataunegara lainketika
berada di ISS di samping menjadi rujukan kepada
masyarakat. Penghayatan Islam akan memastikan
penyelidikan saintifik yang dilaksana lebih
bermakna.
Ketua Pengarah
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia
6
a. Ibadah
b. Angkasa
c. Al-MaqasidAl-Syariah
d. Tayammum
Ibadah yang dimaksudkan dalamgaris panduan
ini meliputi cara beristinja, menentukan waktu
solat, menentukan qiblat, menunaikan solat,
menentukan waktu puasa, menguruskan
jenazahdansebagainya.
Udara, langit, angkasa lepas bermaksudruangdi
luar lapisanudarayangmengelilingi bumi.
Keutamaan syarak dalam menjaga kesucian
agama, nyawa, keturunandan .
Perbuatan menyapu debu tanah yang suci pada
muka dan dua tangan sebagai ganti wudu
kerana ketiadaan air atau halangan dalam
penggunaanair.
akal, harta
DAFTAR ISTILAH

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3.2
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e. Halal
f. Aurat
Hukum yang membenarkan sesuatu perbuatan
dilakukan(dalamIslam), diizinkan, dibenarkan.
Bahagian tubuh yang wajib ditutup atau tidak
bolehkelihatan(menurut hukumIslam).
8
1. TUJUAN
Garis Panduan Pelaksanaan Ibadah Di International
Space Station, ISS (Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa)
ini disediakan oleh Jabatan Kemajuan Islam
Mal aysi a untuk di j adi kan ruj ukan kepada
angkasawan Islam berkenaan pelaksanaan ibadah
di ISS. Denganadanyagaris panduanini, diharapkan
angkasawan Islam dapat memberikan sepenuh
tumpuan terhadap penyelidikan di angkasa di
samping menunaikan tanggungjawabnya sebagai
seorang Islam dengan lancar. Selain itu, ia juga
memberikan panduan kepentingan penjagaan al-
maqasidal-syariahdalamapajuakeadaan.

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2. PENGENALAN
2.1 Isu pelaksanaan ibadah di angkasa berbangkit
dengan pengumuman kerajaan pada Jun 2003
untuk menghantar angkasawan ke Stesen
AngkasaAntarabangsa(ISS).
2.2 Pelbagai pandangan dan cadangan telah
dikemukakan oleh ahli akademik berkenaan isu
i ni memandangkan ber kemungki nan
angkasawan yang akan dihantar ke ISS adalah
seorangIslam.
2.3 Cara beristinja, menentukan waktu solat,
menentukan qiblat, menunaikan solat,
menentukan waktu puasa, menguruskan
jenazah dan sebagainya telah membangkitkan
pelbagai persoalandi kalanganmasyarakat.
2.4 Sehubungan itu, satu Seminar Islam Dan
Kehidupan Di Angkasa telah dianjurkan oleh
Agensi Angkasa Negara (ANGKASA) dengan
kerjasama Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia
(JAKIM) pada 25-26 April 2006 bagi tujuan
mengenalpasti isu pelaksanaan ibadah di
angkasa dan ISS menurut perspektif Islam dan
seterusnya mencari penyelesaian bagi isu-isu
tersebut.
10
3. PELAKSANAAN IBADAH DI ISS
Pelaksanaan ibadah di ISS merangkumi perkara
berikut:
Beristinja' adalah dengan menggunakan tisu
yangdigunapakai di ISS.
Syarat-syarat beristinja' seperti berikut:
i. Bahan yang digunakan untuk beristinja'
sesuatu yang suci, bukan najis dan bukan
bahanyangdihormati.
ii. Bahanyangkering.
iii. Bahanyangkesat.
iv. Bahan yang digunakan tidak kurang
daripadatigaseperti tigabiji batu.
v. Najis yangkeluar belumkering.
vi. Najis yang keluar tidak melewati kawasan
laluannya.
3.1 CaraBeristinja

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3.2 Mengangkat Hadas
3.3 PenentuanQiblat
3.4 PenentuanWaktuSolat
i. Mengangkat Hadas Kecil
Mengangkat hadas kecil adalah dengan
bertayammum secara menepuk ISS seperti
dinding, cermin dan sebagainya (walaupun
tiadadebu).
ii. Mengangkat Hadas Besar
Mengangkat hadas besar adalahdengancara
yangsamadi Para3.2(i).
Penentuanqiblat adalahmengikut kemampuan
berdasarkanurutanberikut:
i. Kaabah.
ii. UnjuranKaabah. iv.Mana-manaarah.
Lima waktusolat dalamtempoh24jam(1hari di
bumi) menggunapakai waktu solat tempat
berlepas angkasawan (dalam kes ini, Baikonur,
Kazakhstan).
iii.Bumi.
1
1
Dengan penyesuaian untuk kawasan melebihi latitud 45
utara mengikut buku terbitan
JAKIM
12
3.5 CaraMenunaikanSolat
i. Solat bolehditunaikansecarajama' danqasar
dantidakperludiqada'.
ii. Pelaksanaan rukun fi'li (perbuatan) solat
adalah dengan mengikat diri angkasawan
mengikut kesesuaian keadaan di ISS
berdasarkanurutanberikut:
a. Jika tidak berupaya berdiri tegak,
hendaklahberdiri secaramembongkok.
b. Jika tidak berupaya berdiri, hendaklah
secar a duduk. Seseor ang bol eh
mel akukan ruku' dengan dahi nya
setentang lutut atau yang lebih utama
setentangdengantempat sujud.
c. Jika tidak berupaya duduk, hendaklah
secara berbaring mengiring di atas
lambung kanan dan bahagian tubuh
menghadapqiblat.
d. Jika tidak berupaya baring, hendaklah
secaramenelentang.
e. Jika tidak berupaya menelentang,
hendaklahsecara isyarat mata bagi setiap
pergerakansolat.

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f. Jika tidak berupaya juga, hendaklah
dengan hati iaitu menggambarkan
di ri nya berdi ri , ruku', suj ud dan
seterusnya.
iii. Pelaksanaan rukun qawli (perkataan) solat
adalahsamaseperti di bumi.
i. Puasa boleh ditunaikan samada di ISS atau di
bumi secara qada' sekiranya melibatkan
bulanRamadhan.
ii. Pe n e n t u a n wa k t u p u a s a a d a l a h
menggunapakai waktu puasa tempat
berlepas angkasawan.
i. Jenazah perlu dibawa balik ke bumi untuk
pengurusanseperti biasa.
ii. Sekiranya jenazah tidak boleh dibawa balik,
maka diharuskan menyemadikannya di
angkasa dengan pengurusan jenazah secara
yangringkas.
3.6 CaraMenunaikanPuasa
3.7 PengurusanJenazah
14
4.1 Pemakanan
4.2 EtikaBerpakaian
4.3 EtikaBermusafir
Sekiranya makanan yang disediakan diragui
halal, maka diharuskan memakannya sekadar
mengalas lapar.
i. Angkasawan Islam perlu menjaga batasan
auratnyaiaitu:
a. Aurat lelaki adalah di antara pusat dan
lutut.
b. Aurat perempuan adalah selain muka
danduatapaktangan.
i. Perjalanan ke angkasa merupakan satu
musafir yangdiharuskanmengikut Islam.
ii. Angkasawan perlu menghormati etika
bermusafir iaitu:
a. Menjaga kelangsungan hubungan
denganTuhan.
b. Menj aga keharmoni an hubungan
sesamamakhluk.
c. Menjagakelestarianalamsekitar.
4.HAL-HAL BERKAITAN

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2.
3.


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c iv
6
8
9
10
4. Oc c 14
15
, 2007
, 2008
, 2007
www.islam.gov.my
c

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15
AdalahdiharapkanGaris Panduanini dapat dipatuhi
oleh angkasawan Islam demi memastikan misi
penyelidikan di angkasa berjaya di samping
mendapat keredhaanTuhanjua.
5. PENUTUP