Epit h e lia l t issu e s I I .

St r a t ifie d squ a m ou s n on k e r a t in ize d

e pit h e liu m

St r a t ifie d squ a m ou s k e r a t in ize d

e pit h e liu m

St r a t ifie d colu m n a r e pit h e liu m

Tr a n sit ion a l e pit h e liu m

Un ice llu la r gla n d

Ex ocr in e gla n d
 Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
epithelium 1.:
I t s ce lls for m t h r e e la ye r s:
1. St r a t u m
ge r m in a t ivu m / ba sa le / cylin dr oce llu la r e
Consists of a single row of columnar cells
resting on the basal lamina.
The intense mitotic activity is responsible for
the replacement of the removed cells from the
surface.
The junction of the epithelium and connective
tissue is irregular, the interdigitations of
connective tissue called papillae between
evagination of the epithelium enhance the
adhesion of the two tissue types.
2. Stratum spinosum:
Consists of polygonal cells bound together by
desmosomes.
As a consequence of tissue preparation, the cells decrease
in size and remain bound by desmosomes located at the
tips of spiny cellular projections; the name of this layer is
suggestive for this spine-studded appearance

3. Stratum planocellulare:
Flattened cells that retain their nuclei.

Location:
Oral cavity, esophagus
Vagina
The corneal epithelium
 Str.
lumen
planocellulare
epithelium
Str.
spinosum
Str.
germinativum
Layers:
1 .Stratum basale (germinativum):
For m e d by colu m n a r ce lls pr e se n t in g in t e n se m it ot ic
activity
2.Stratum spinosum:
Polygon a l ce lls a r e a lik e t h ose of t h e n on k e r a t in ize d
epithelium.
3.Stratum granulosum:
Con sist s of fla t t e n e d ce lls w it h ba soph ilic k e r a t oh ya lin
granules.
4.Stratum lucidum:
Tr a n slu ce n t , t h in la ye r of e osin oph ilic ce lls la ck in g n u cle i.
5.Stratum corneum:
Keratinized nonnucleated cells, horny cells, that are
continuously shed at the surface.

Location: the epidermis of the skin

epithelium

Str. corneum

Str. lucidum
Dermis
Str. granulosum

Str. spinosum
Hypodermis

Str. germinativum
Stratified cuboidal epithelium: present in the duct
of the sweat gland.

Urothelium/ transitional epithelium:

Layers:
1. Columnar cell layer
2. Polygonal cells/ pear-shaped cells
3. Domelike facet cells, also called umbrella cells
Location:
Renal pelvis
Urinary bladder
Upper part of the urethra
 Umbrella
cells

Lumen

Columnar Polygonal
epithelium cells cells
 The superficial layer consists of columnar
cells, while cuboidal or smaller columnar
cells are present in the basal layer.

Location:
The bulbous part of the male urethra
Conjunctiva
Interlobular excretory ducts of glands
 Columnar cell layer

Lumen
I t is for m e d by ce lls spe cia lize d t o
pr odu ce a flu id se cr e t ion .
Type s of gla n du la r e pit h e lia :
En docr in e glands: ductless glads, their
secretion is picked up and transported by the
bloodstream, or diffuses into the surrounding
extracellular fluid and acts on the neighbouring
target cells (paracrine effect). Their secretions
are called hormones.
Ex ocr in e glands: usually present ducts
through which the secretory product passes to
reach the surface.
Ge n e r a l st r u ct u r e of t h e e x ocr in e gla n d:
Secretory portion (acinus): its shape may be acinar, tubular,
tubuloacinar.
Duct: it is unbranched in simple glands, and repeatedly branched in
compound glands.

Cla ssifica t ion of t h e e x ocr in e gla n ds a ccor din g t o t h e ir

position: endoepithelial, exoepithelial.

Cla ssifica t ion of t h e e x ocr in e gla n ds a ccor din g t o t h e

chemical nature of the secretion:
Serous glands: tight lumen, secretory cells with basophilic cytoplasm
and round nuclei
Mucinous glands: large lumen, the flattened cell nuclei are situated in
the basal portion of the cell. The cells appear clear in HE staining
because of the mucin garnules.
Demilunes of Gianuzzi: serous cells are attached to the mucinous
secretory portion, forming serous demilunes.
Cla ssifica t ion of t h e e x ocr in e gla n ds a ccor din g
t o t h e m e ch a n ism of se cr e t ion :
Merocrine mechanism: the secretion product is
present in granules sorrounded by membranes,
and it is released by exocitosis. E.g.: salivary
glands.
Apocrine mechanism: the secretion is eliminated
together with the apical portion of the cytoplasm.
E.g.: release of the lipid component of the
secretion in lactating mammary gland.
Holocrine mechanism: the entire secretory cell
tranforms in secretion. E.g.: sebaceous gland.
 Intestinal
Intestinal villus PAS-positive
lumen
brush border

PAS-positive mucin
droplets
 Demilune
of Gianuzzi

Mucinous
acini

Serous acini

Ductus salivaris
 Receives external stimuli
Hair cells It is composed of modified
epithelial cells, which
in the represent a transition
organ of between epithelial and nerve
Corti cells.

Classification of the cells of the

neuroepithelium:
Primary sensory cell
(neuroepithel cell): presents
process. E.g.: cells of the
olfactory epithelium
Secondary sensory cell
(neuroepithel cell): does not
present processes, stimuli
pass on neural ganglia. E.g.:
taste buds, hair cells of the
internal ear
 It is composed of
cells that contain
Layer of the
pigmented epithelial granules of melanin.
cells E.g.: stratum
pigmentosum
retinae
Type of the
epithelium? ?
3.

2.
1.
1.

2.
3.

2.
1.
The type of the
gland?
 Name of the
structure?

Type of the acini?

Name of the
staining technique?
 Name of the
structure?

Type of the acini?

Name of the
staining technique?
1.

4.
2.

3.

5.
1. Stratified columnar epithelium (male urethra)
2. Urothelium (ureter)
3. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium and simple
squamous epithelium (cornea)
4. Pseudostratified epithelium and multicellular
endoepithelial mucinous gland (inferior concha nasalis)
5. Goblet cells stained with PAS (small intestine)
6. Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (small
intestine)
7. Simple cuboidal epithelium (medullary zone of the
kidney)
8. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (skin)
9. Stratified columnar epithelium (male urethra)
10. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (str.
granulosum (1.), lucidum (2.), corneum(3.)
11. Simple columnar epithelium (gallbladder)
12. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
13. Simple columnar epithelium HE + goblet cells (1.), brush
border (2.) stained with PAS (duodenum)
14. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (str.
granulosum, lucidum, corneum)
15. Stratified columnar epithelium + multicellular
endoepithelial gland (male urethra)
16. Mesothelium (Ag) (mesenterium)
17. Mucinous acini + ductus salivaris stained for mucin
(mucicarmin) (glandula subligualis)
18. Mucinous acini + ductus salivaris (HE) (gl. sublingualis)
19. Urothelium with umbrella cells (urinary bladder)
20. Serous acini (parotis)
21. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium + goblet cells (1.) +
demilune of Gianuzzi (2.) + serous acini (3.) + duct (4.)
+ mucinous acinus (5.) (respiratory tract)
22. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
(esophagus, vagina)
23. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (tail of the
epididymis)
24. Urothelium with umbrella cells (urinary bladder)
25. Simple columnar epithelium (uterus)