Mobile

Radio Penetration

Mobile Radio Penetration

(Comparison between DCS &GSM) Huawei, C-III

Mobile Radio Penetration

Table of Contents
PurposeofDocument....................................................................................................................3 MobileRadioPenetration..............................................................................................................3 CurrentWorkingHypothesis.........................................................................................................5 TrialResults....................................................................................................................................6 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................7 References......................................................................................................................................8
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Mobile Radio Penetration

1).PurposeofDocument:
Thepurposeofthisdocumentistogivebuildingpenetrationlosscomparisonbetween900(GSM)and 1800(DCS)andtodescribedeploymentscenarioscomparisonbetweenthetwobands.

2).MobileRadioPenetration:
TherearetwomainconceptsofMobileRadiointermofcoverageinMobileCommunication; 1) MobileRadiopropagationinfreespace. 2) MobileRadioPenetrationinsidebuilding. Reflection, diffraction and scattering are the three basic mechanisms which impact propagation/penetrationinamobilecommunicationsystem. Reflection occurs when a propagating electromagnetic wave impinges upon an object which has very largedimensionswhencomparedtothewavelengthofthewave.Reflectionoccursfromthesurfaceof theearthandfrombuildingsandwalls. Diffractionoccurswhentheradiopathbetweenthetransmitterandreceiverisobstructedbyasurface that has sharp irregularities (edges). The secondary waves resulting from the obstructing surface are presentthroughoutthespaceandevenbehindtheobstacle,givingrisetoabendingofwavesaround the obstacle, even when a lineofsight path does not exist between transmitter and receiver. At high frequency,diffraction,likereflection,dependsonthegeometryoftheobject,aswellastheamplitude, phase,andpolarizationoftheincidentwaveatthepointofdiffraction. Scatteringoccurswhenthemediumthroughwhichthewavetravelsconsistsofobjectswithdimensions thataresmallcomparedtothewavelength,andwherethenumberofobstaclesperunitvolumeislarge. Scatteringwavesareproducedbyroughsurface,smallobjects,orbyotherirregularitiesinthechannel.

Mobile Radio Penetration

Radiowavespropagateintobuildingsfromexternaltransmitterswithsomelossofenergy.Thislossis commonlyreferredtoastheBuildingPenetrationLoss(BPL).Thebuildingpenetrationlossisfrequency dependentbutalsodependsonthetypeofbuilding,thebuildingconstruction,andthefloorlevelofthe building. Therearetwophysicalphenomenatobeconsideredwithrespecttobuildingpenetrationloss.Thefirst istheBPLitself.Thislossisafunction offrequency and,forany particularbuilding;it isafunctionof severalfactorsassociatedwiththesize,theconstructiontypeandlocationofthebuildingrelativetothe transmitter.Thesecondisthefactthatbuildingpenetrationlosshasbeenshowntogenerallydecrease with increasing floor height. Since penetration loss decreases by about 1.4 to 1.5 dB per floor with increasing floor level, some argue that a conservative design would specify coverage on the ground floor. Ingeneralthereisasteadydecreaseinbuildingattenuationasfrequencyincreases.Thiscanbeseenin belowfigureforthreebuildingtypes.

Mobile Radio Penetration

Thebuildingtypesareasdefinedinbelowtable;

Besides BPL,other associated aspects of propagation should also be considered such as the statistical distribution of the signals after they enter the building. General conclusions for the propagation of signalsintobuildingsmightbesummarizedasfollows: SmallscalesignalvariationisRayleighdistributed. Largescalesignalvariationislognormallydistributedwithastandarddeviationrelatedtothe conditionoftransmissionandtheareaofthefloor. Fornonlineofsighttransmissions,thestandarddeviationisapproximately4dB. Forpartialtocompletelineofsightconditions,thestandarddeviationincreasesto69dB.

The first two bullets imply that propagation into buildings can be modeled as a combination of fast andslowfadingsimilartowhatiscommonformodelingoutdoormacrocellularpropagation.Thelast two bullets should be considered carefully. For nonlineofsight propagation into buildings, the standarddeviationisless.Atfirst,thismayseemcounterintuitiveuntiloneconsidersthatforthenon lineofsightcase,radiosignalsareenteringthebuildingvialocalscattering.Thisimpliesthatsignalsare comingintothebuildingfrommanydifferentdirectionssimultaneously.Asaresult,signallevelinside thebuildingdoesnotexperiencegreatextremesinfadingasindicatedbyareducedstandarddeviation. Thelineofsightcaseisopposite;havingalargestandarddeviationduetothepresenceofstrongsignals coming primarily from one direction followed by fading in the areas that are shadowed by internal structures.

3).CurrentWorkingHypothesis:
Basedonaboveexplanation,itcanbeassumedthatradiopenetrationlossinsidethebuildingdecreases withincreaseoffrequency.Ontheotherhandregardingradiopropagationloss(Lp)infreespacecanbe seenbyrecallingtheequationforfreespacepathloss:

Mobile Radio Penetration

Asaresultfollowingassumptionscanbemade; 1) MobileRadiopropagationlossinfreespaceincreaseswithincreaseinfrequency. 2) MobileRadioPenetrationlossinsidebuildingdecreaseswithincreaseinfrequency.

4).TrialResults:
Tovalidateabovehypothesis,DTwasconductedtocheckindoorpenetrationforbothGSMandDCSand resultsareincoordinancewithhypothesis. Followingaredetails; Location Details: First storey Room with one door and one window (both closed while performingDT),Wallwidthisnormal(9inch)anddistancefromservingcell(35017)is500600 meter. PowerControlwasdisabledbeforetesting. DTwasdonebylockingonCellandBand(DCSbandwaslockedfirstandthenGSMband). DTwasdoneindedicatedMode(LongCall)

Mobile Radio Penetration

5).Conclusion:
Insummary,itcanbeconcludedthatbuildingpenetrationlossdecreaseswithincreaseoffrequency,so it is recommended to increase DCS deployment instead of GSM in Urban areas to improve indoor coverageandquality. 7

Mobile Radio Penetration

6).References:
1)UMTS900Overview&DeploymentGuidelinesbyQUALCOMM(EngineeringServicesGroup). 2)WirelessCommunicationPrinciplesandPracticebyTheodoreS.Rappaport,2ndEdition. 3)BasicsofRadioWavePropagationbyIulianRosu. 4)RadiowavepropagationbasicsbyRyszardStruzak. 5)AHandbookofRadioWavePropagationLoss(1010,000MHz)byWilliamE.Frazier.

EndofDocument