Energy Consumption Manhattan

Spatial distribution of urban building energy consumption by end use

B. Howarda, L. Parshallb, J. Thompsonc, S. Hammerb, J. Dickinsond, V. Modi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.10.061

Trends: Over 50% of energy consumption for almost all buildings is space heating. This can be improved by a) better use of natural heating via sunlight and b) better envelope insulation.

Trends: Space Cooling and Base Electric is dominated by office and non-residential building types. Space and Water heating is dominated by residential types.

Conslusions: Since office buildings are large consumers of electricity for base electric applications, a non-seasonal end use, if this building was located next to residential buildings the waste heat could be fully utilized by nearby neighbors reducing energy losses. Symbiosis between buildings or units sharing energy via a network would be reduce energy waste.

Previous Element Lessons:

energy relationship between element and building

carving as a device to create space/light

maaximizing the free energy available

Goals, measurable or not:

Categories Financial Financial Health and Wellbeing Feasibility Feasibility Feasibility

Metric:
Financial savings - payback y ears

Score Range: 0 3 3
10-25% more than budget

5
less than 1 y ar e for payback

Not able to regain More than 20 y ars e nancial cos t for payback

Financial cost 0 more than 50% - amount of money compared to typical technology
than budget

5
At the same price as typical budget

Health

- direct positiv impact or not? e

0
No measurable bene t

Adaptability to other projects - integration with existingstems and ability to sy adapt to other future stems. sy Contextual responsiveness - able to retain or enhance existing bene ts of site

minimal bene ts that signi cant bene t can be attained from other techs

must change compatible with highly compatible entire design for existing building and and can be easily another project can be reused reused

0
does not add to original site bene ts

3
utilizes existing context resources

5
maximizes on existing resource s

Range of in uence - range of in uence at the building scale, neighbour- 0 part of building hood scale, or larger only for a short , Environment - is it reducing or minimizing inputs? - is it reducing or minimizing negativ e outputs?
time.

3
neighbourhood or longer

5
grid/global in uences for a long time.

Health and Wellbeing Health and Wellbeing Subjectiv e Multipliers

3
betw 10-25% een reduction in at least one input

less than 10% reduction in either inputs

more than 25% reduction in both inputs

form atmosphere e ectiveness of design program enhancements

-3
looks bad

0
neutral

3
looks good

-3
feels bad

0
neutral

3
feels good

-3
not w orth it

0
neutral

3
de nitely w it orth

-3
programs are worse

0
neutral

3
programs are bette r

*
what the scorecard is able to capture:

means that if it is negati the project should be stopped ve,

what the scorecard is unable to capture:

- is it able to create social awareness of the elements capabilities? - how effectively can it function as an aggregation? - will it motivate others to change beyond the element?

Element Design Themes A. Blocking/Harnessing the Orientation

some units

too much glare, not at home, too hot

other units
ing, stay at home south facade elevation

For those who like to be exposed to the sun, their energy consumption is linked with an opposing facade to compensate for the energy wasted

Element Design Themes B. Collective Void Making

trying to create cuts individually

trying to create cuts collectively

Element Design

balcony 1 balcony 2

void cut combination awning 1 awning 2

UDF Experiments by other students

suggestions include:

including more parameters, giving an orientation that is more clear

Element_Sketch

Element_SocialCaver_v2

lighter + simpler