Intro 2 Smart Dust

The Future of Sensory Networks
Crossbow Technology Mike Horton President & CEO mhorton@xbow.com

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks 1 San Jose / February 9-10, 2005
Topics A Vision for Sensor Networks Applications Technology Roadmap Looking Forward
Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks
San Jose / February 9-10, 2005
A Vision for Wireless Sensor Networks

The convergence of Smart Sensors, Internet Computing, and Wireless Communications enables us to have a deeper and broader visibility into our resources, processes, and environment so that we can be faster and more effective in getting results.
Convergence of Technologies
leads to smaller sizes, low power, lower costs. Allows us to monitor with higher granularity. Many types or sensors and more on the way.
Sensors: Miniaturization, micromachining, and low cost manufacturing
Computing/Internet:
Computing power is becoming small and inexpensive enough to add to almost any object. Networks of computers facilitate collaboration through information and resource sharing.
Smarter, Smaller Sensors
technologies including Bluetooth and WiFi networks, cellular and satellite communications. Enables a wireless and mobile Internet.
Wireless (RF): Spans a host of
Embedded Computing
Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks 4
Ubiquitous Wireless
Sensing: Interaction with Physical World

Sensing distance relative to sensors size Remote Sensing
Manufacturing Technologies
Smart Dust
Bulk Machining
Proximal Sensing
Thin film--Microelectronic MEMS
In Situ
Nanotech
Physical World
The Physical Internet

Log (people per computer)
Number Crunching Data Storage

Mainframe Minicomputer Workstation PC Laptop PDA Cellular phone
Productivity Interactive
Streaming information to and from physical world
Year
Courtesy of Prof. David Culler, Univ. of California, Berkeley

Market Research Firms FocalPoint Harbor Research ON World Venture Development Corp West Technology Research Wireless Data Research
Market Data Summary

180 160 140 Low (Units, M) High (Units, M) Low ($M) High ($M) $3,000 $2,500 $2,000 $1,500 $1,000 $500 $0
Units (Millions)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Recent Press
Crossbow Technology Founded 1995 Venture capital funded: $13 million in financing
Intel Corporation is a corporate investor and Smart Dust
partner
Shipping sensors since 1996 ISO-9001, FAA certified Two major product lines
Inertial MEMS sensors Wireless sensor network
10
Contents A Vision for Sensor Networks Applications

Characteristics Categories and Highlights Market Summary
Technology Roadmap Looking Forward
11
Application Characteristics
No or little IT infrastructure
Harsh environments Sensitive ecological
environments Agricultural regions
12
No or little IT infrastructure Cabling cost and time
$40 to $2000 per foot 20% to 80% of the
installation time
Illustrates benefit of MEMS + Wireless
Assumptions Sensor Cost Data Acquisition Cost Wiring Cost Cost Per Sensor Num Channels Total Cost
Traditional Sensor Networks $2,000 $350 $65 $0 $75 $15 $2,140 $365 65 $139,100 65 $23,725
13
No or little IT infrastructure Cabling cost and time No or little real-time data on assets, environment
Inventory management Cold-chain supply
management More fine-grained data is required or beneficial
14
No or little IT infrastructure Cabling cost and time No or little real-time data on assets, environment Mobility is required or advantageous
Military operations Urban emergencies
15
No or little IT infrastructure cabling cost and time No or little real-time data on assets, environment Mobility is required or advantageous Productivity can be increased
Automatic machine
monitoring of capital equipment Reduction in data entry error More data for proactive maintenance
Data driven, remote feedback control
Closing the loop with
actuators Sensors are the eyes Actuators are the hands and feet
17
Data driven, remote feedback control Government or industry mandates
Wal-Mart/US Dept. of
Defense and RFID US Dept. of Homeland Security US Dept. of Transportation EU mandates
18
Data driven, remote feedback control Government or industry mandates Personal computing themes

Ubiquitous computing Safety Convenience Health and performance Entertainment
19
Data driven, remote feedback control Government or industry mandates Personal computing themes Reconfigurability
Temporary monitoring Tracking of object and
personnel tracking at work sites Low-impact technology
Aerial photo of 4145 N. First Street
20
Data driven, remote feedback control Government or industry mandates Personal computing themes Reconfigurability Sensor data fusion and remote sensing
Critical physical phenomena
exist at very small scales Multi-modal and arrayed sensing for event detection
Application Characteristics: Summary

No or little IT infrastructure Cable cost and time No or little real-time data on assets, environment Mobility or portability is required Productivity improvements Data driven, remote feedback control Government or industry mandates Personal computing themes Reconfigurability Sensor data fusion and remote sensing
22
Application Categories
Courtesy of Prof. David Culler, UCB
Monitoring Things & Spaces (M)

Precision agriculture, habitat studies, HVAC, facilities usage efficiency, ... Condition-based maintenance, structural response, Security, safety,
Tagging and Tracking (T)
Asset tracking, Smart Tags, Supply Chain Monitoring, Cold Chain, . Indoor Location Services, . Context aware computing, non-verbal computing Assisted living facilities, home healthcare Smart Furniture
Ubiquitous Computing (U)
23
Market Summary
Size
M = Monitoring M = Monitoring T = Tagging/Tracking T = Tagging/Tracking U = Ubiquitous U = Ubiquitous
Building controls Asset tracking M, T Electric power & utilities Industrial M Monitoring M Environmental Agriculture M Research M,T,U
2002
Consumer U, T
Automotive U, M
Defense & Security M, T
Adoption Time
24
2007
Contents A Vision for Sensor Networks Application Roadmap Technology Roadmap

Objectives R&D Initiatives
Looking Forward
25
Crossbows R&D Efforts Be the leading commercially supported, open, end-to-end networking platform for sensors and controls Key product initiatives
Versatile, flexible software framework for wireless
embedded networks Packaged products for targeted applications Continuous cost reduction
26
Targeted Application: Environmental Monitoring

Temperature and humidity Barometric pressure Photo active light External battery pack
MICA2 Mote network w/ XMesh Routing

Xlisten + PostgreSQL Database

27
Mote-VIEW Client Tools

Software Framework for Sensor Network Systems
Software used in a typical deployment

Software Solutions by Layer

Mote Layer Server Layer Client Layer
XMesh
TinyOS firmware Written in nesC 1. TrueMesh lowpower network formation Reliable end-to-end Supports data reporting for all sensor boards Single node streaming service Zigbee compatibility Fast formation 1. 2.
XServe
Runs on PC or Stargate Written in C/C++ Data logging to file or database Provides mote data services:
1. 2. 3.
Forward serial stream Web page output Real-time data socket
MOTE-VIEW
Windows Application Written in C# 1. Monitoring and management of mote network Sensor data visualizaton Network diagnostics Send commands and actuation Mote programming utility
2. 3.
2. 3. 4. 5.
4. 5. 6.
3. 4. 5.
Alert detection Over-air programming Health statistics aggregation

29
XMesh Protocol Stack Designed specifically for wireless embedded multihop routing Currently Released: XMesh v0.9 (aka Surge_Reliable and Surge_Low_Power)

Any node to base routing Time synchronization Low-power listening Link acknowledgements
2005 Plan for Routing Development
Extend XMesh based on commercial/industrial needs All developments to be a software library called XMesh Quarterly release plan
Version 1.0 on March 2005.
30
Test Beds
2 Indoor Test Beds MICAz (shown) MICA2/MICA2DOT

Outdoor Testbed MICA2/MICA2DOT

Power Management
Microcontroller sleep current doesnt drive battery life Networking layer drives battery life XMesh uses two techniques
Low-power listening (8 RF wake-ups/sec) Distributed time synchronization (1 msec) 100 improvement
Testing battery life non-trivial

Current surges over micro second intervals Deployment dependent/irregular traffic patterns
Integrate active monitoring on MICA-Series Motes

Use counter for sleep, transmit, receive modes Calibrated to real world
32
Easy-to-Use Deployment Tools MOTE-VIEW for easily deploying a sensor network

Runs on PCs Charting, logging, topology views Programming utility Local database or remote database on Stargate
Compatible with XSensor and XMesh Mote applications

Applications for low power, long term deployments
Free download from www.xbow.com
33
Mote-VIEW Screen Shots
34
Application-oriented Packaging
Indoor MICA-series
Indoor MIB-Series
Outdoor MICA-series weather Outdoor MICA2DOT-series sensor (MEP410) weather sensor (MEP510)
Industrialized Stargate Gateway

Vibration Monitoring Sensor

Mote Security Package: MSP410
36
Continuous Cost Reduction

Integration of microcontroller and radio into an ASIC Volume to increase over time
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2005
Percentage of 2004 Cost
18 months
2006
37
2007
2008
Contents A Vision for Sensor Networks Application Roadmap Technology Roadmap

Objectives R&D Initiatives
Looking Forward
38
The Future of Smart Dust Technology Sensors Networks could be as useful as the Internet Internet allows us faster, easier access to data and information from the digital domain. Sensor Networks expand our ability to access data from the physical world (analog domain).
39
Sensor Networks and IP Networks

Sensor Network Application (a partial list) Sensor Network Gateway Local Host PC Backhaul Network Remote LAN or Enterprise Systems
Machine Monitoring
Mote
Serial Interface
Wired Backhaul
Habitat Monitoring
Mote
Ethernet interface Wireless Backhaul
Intruder Detection
Mote
Wireless interface
Object Tracking
40
LAN or Enterprise System San Jose / February 9-10, 2005
Assisted Living Systems
The Future of Smart Dust Technology Long-term technology and industry growth is a given Future propelled by people
Research and business development on enabling
technologies Industryacademia research collaboration on systems and standards

Middleware Long-term test beds Reference deployments Standards for the data
Students in colleges and universities will enable solutions

to be built for 1000s of applications
Students exposure to the technology as they train to be scientists;
and to the science as they train to be engineers
41 Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks San Jose / February 9-10, 2005
Call for 3rd Party Developers Sensor Boards Software Tools Application Developers Consultants
Significant Product Discounts Available, Lead Referrals, etc
42

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The Future of Sensory Networks

Crossbow Technology Mike Horton President & CEO mhorton@xbow.com

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

A Vision for Wireless Sensor Networks

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Sensors: Miniaturization, micromachining, and low cost manufacturing

Smarter, Smaller Sensors

Wireless (RF): Spans a host of

Sensing: Interaction with Physical World

The Physical Internet

Number Crunching Data Storage

Streaming information to and from physical world

Courtesy of Prof. David Culler, Univ. of California, Berkeley

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Market Data Summary

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Contents A Vision for Sensor Networks Applications

Technology Roadmap Looking Forward

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Illustrates benefit of MEMS + Wireless

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Application Characteristics: Summary

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Monitoring Things & Spaces (M)

Tagging and Tracking (T)

Ubiquitous Computing (U)

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

M = Monitoring M = Monitoring T = Tagging/Tracking T = Tagging/Tracking U = Ubiquitous U = Ubiquitous

Defense & Security M, T

Contents A Vision for Sensor Networks Application Roadmap Technology Roadmap

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Intro to Smart Dust & Sensor Networks

San Jose / February 9-10, 2005

Targeted Application: Environmental Monitoring

MICA2 Mote network w/ XMesh Routing

Xlisten + PostgreSQL Database