IONIC CONDUCTIVITY AND DIFFUSION AT INFINITE DILUTION

Petr Vanysek
This table gives the molar (equivalent) conductivity for common ions at infinite dilution. All values refer to aqueous solutions
at 25C. It also lists the diffusion coefficient D of the ion in dilute
aqueous solution, which is related to through the equation

= + +
where + and are equivalent ionic conductivities of the cation
and anion. The more general formula is

D = ( RT / F 2 )( / | z |)

= v+ + + v

where R is the molar gas constant, T the temperature, F the Faraday

constant, and z the charge on the ion. The variation with temperature is fairly sharp; for typical ions, and D increase by 2 to 3% per
degree as the temperature increases from 25C.
The diffusion coefficient for a salt, Dsalt, may be calculated from
the D+ and D values of the constituent ions by the relation

where + and refer to the number of moles of cations and anions

to which one mole of the electrolyte gives a rise in the solution.

Dsalt

( z + | z |)D+ D
= +
z + D+ + | z | D

For solutions of simple, pure electrolytes (one positive and one

negative ionic species), such as NaCl, equivalent ionic conductivity , which is the molar conductivity per unit concentration of
charge, is defined as

Ion
Inorganic Cations
Ag+
1/3Al3+
1/2Ba2+
1/2Be2+
1/2Ca2+
1/2Cd2+
1/3Ce3+
1/2Co2+
1/3[Co(NH3)6]3+
1/3[Co(en)3]3+
1/6[Co2(trien)3]6+
1/3Cr3+
Cs+
1/2Cu2+
D+
1/3Dy3+
1/3Er3+
1/3Eu3+
1/2Fe2+
1/3Fe3+
1/3Gd3+
H+
1/2Hg2+
1/2Hg2+
1/3Ho3+
K+
1/3La3+
Li+
1/2Mg2+
1/2Mn2+
NH4+
N2H5+

104 m2 S mol1

D
105 cm2 s1

61.9
61
63.6
45
59.47
54
69.8
55
101.9
74.7
69
67
77.2
53.6
249.9
65.6
65.9
67.8
54
68
67.3
349.65
68.6
63.6
66.3
73.48
69.7
38.66
53.0
53.5
73.5
59

1.648
0.541
0.847
0.599
0.792
0.719
0.620
0.732
0.904
0.663
0.306
0.595
2.056
0.714
6.655
0.582
0.585
0.602
0.719
0.604
0.597
9.311
0.913
0.847
0.589
1.957
0.619
1.029
0.706
0.712
1.957
1.571

References
1. Gray, D. E., Ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGrawHill, New York, 1972, 2226.
2. Robinson, R. A., and Stokes, R. H., Electrolyte Solutions, Butterworths,
London, 1959.
3. Lobo, V. M. M., and Quaresma, J. L., Handbook of Electrolyte Solutions,
Physical Science Data Series 41, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989.
4. Conway, B. E., Electrochemical Data, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1952.
5. Milazzo, G., Electrochemistry: Theoretical Principles and Practical
Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1963.

Ion
Na+
1/3Nd3+
1/2Ni2+
1/4[Ni2(trien)3]4+
1/2Pb2+
1/3Pr3+
1/2Ra2+
Rb+
1/3Sc3+
1/3Sm3+
1/2Sr2+
Tl+
1/3Tm3+
1/2UO22+
1/3Y3+
1/3Yb3+
1/2Zn2+
Inorganic Anions
Au(CN)2
Au(CN)4
B(C6H5)4
Br
Br3
BrO3
CN
CNO
1/2CO32
Cl
ClO2
ClO3
ClO4
1/3[Co(CN)6]3
1/2CrO42

104 m2 S mol1
50.08
69.4
49.6
52
71
69.5
66.8
77.8
64.7
68.5
59.4
74.7
65.4
32
62
65.6
52.8
50
36
21
78.1
43
55.7
78
64.6
69.3
76.31
52
64.6
67.3
98.9
85

D
105 cm2 s1
1.334
0.616
0.661
0.346
0.945
0.617
0.889
2.072
0.574
0.608
0.791
1.989
0.581
0.426
0.550
0.582
0.703
1.331
0.959
0.559
2.080
1.145
1.483
2.077
1.720
0.923
2.032
1.385
1.720
1.792
0.878
1.132

5-76

Section5.indb 76

4/29/05 3:47:53 PM

Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution

Ion
F
1/4[Fe(CN)6]4
1/3[Fe(CN)6]3
H2AsO4
HCO3
HF2
1/2HPO42
H2PO4
H2PO2
HS
HSO3
HSO4
H2SbO4
I
IO3
IO4
MnO4
1/2MoO42
N(CN)2
NO2
NO3
NH2SO3
N3
OCN
OD
OH
PF6
1/2PO3F2
1/3PO43
1/4P2O74
1/3P3O93
1/5P3O105
ReO4
SCN
1/2SO32
1/2SO42
1/2S2O32
1/2S2O42
1/2S2O62
1/2S2O82
Sb(OH)6
SeCN
1/2SeO42
1/2WO42
Organic Cations
Benzyltrimethylammonium+
Isobutylammonium+
Butyltrimethylammonium+
Decylpyridinium+
Decyltrimethylammonium+
Diethylammonium+
Dimethylammonium+
Dipropylammonium+
Dodecylammonium+
Dodecyltrimethylammonium+
Ethanolammonium+
Ethylammonium+
Ethyltrimethylammonium+
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium+
Hexyltrimethylammonium+

Section5.indb 77

104 m2 S mol1
55.4
110.4
100.9
34
44.5
75
57
36
46
65
58
52
31
76.8
40.5
54.5
61.3
74.5
54.5
71.8
71.42
48.3
69
64.6
119
198
56.9
63.3
92.8
96
83.6
109
54.9
66
72
80.0
85.0
66.5
93
86
31.9
64.7
75.7
69

D
105 cm2 s1
1.475
0.735
0.896
0.905
1.185
1.997
0.759
0.959
1.225
1.731
1.545
1.385
0.825
2.045
1.078
1.451
1.632
1.984
1.451
1.912
1.902
1.286
1.837
1.720
3.169
5.273
1.515
0.843
0.824
0.639
0.742
0.581
1.462
1.758
0.959
1.065
1.132
0.885
1.238
1.145
0.849
1.723
1.008
0.919

34.6
38
33.6
29.5
24.4
42.0
51.8
30.1
23.8
22.6
42.2
47.2
40.5
20.9
29.6

0.921
1.012
0.895
0.786
0.650
1.118
1.379
0.802
0.634
0.602
1.124
1.257
1.078
0.557
0.788

5-77
Ion
Histidyl+
Hydroxyethyltrimethylarsonium+
Methylammonium+
Octadecylpyridinium+
Octadecyltributylammonium+
Octadecyltriethylammonium+
Octadecyltrimethylammonium+
Octadecyltripropylammonium+
Octyltrimethylammonium+
Pentylammonium+
Piperidinium+
Propylammonium+
Pyrilammonium+
Tetrabutylammonium+
Tetradecyltrimethylammonium+
Tetraethylammonium+
Tetramethylammonium+
Tetraisopentylammonium+
Tetrapentylammmonium+
Tetrapropylammonium+
Triethylammonium+
Triethylsulfonium+
Trimethylammonium+
Trimethylhexylammonium+
Trimethylsulfonium+
Tripropylammonium+
Organic Anions
Acetate
pAnisate
1/2Azelate2
Benzoate
Bromoacetate
Bromobenzoate
Butyrate
Chloroacetate
mChlorobenzoate
oChlorobenzoate
1/3Citrate3
Crotonate
Cyanoacetate
Cyclohexane carboxylate
1/2 1,1Cyclopropanedicarboxylate2
Decylsulfate
Dichloroacetate
1/2Diethylbarbiturate2
Dihydrogencitrate
1/2Dimethylmalonate2
3,5Dinitrobenzoate
Dodecylsulfate
Ethylmalonate
Ethylsulfate
Fluoroacetate
Fluorobenzoate
Formate
1/2Fumarate2
1/2Glutarate2
Hydrogenoxalate
Isovalerate
Iodoacetate
Lactate

104 m2 S mol1
23.0
39.4
58.7
20
16.6
17.9
19.9
17.2
26.5
37
37.2
40.8
24.3
19.5
21.5
32.6
44.9
17.9
17.5
23.4
34.3
36.1
47.23
34.6
51.4
26.1

D
105 cm2 s1
0.612
1.049
1.563
0.533
0.442
0.477
0.530
0.458
0.706
0.985
0.991
1.086
0.647
0.519
0.573
0.868
1.196
0.477
0.466
0.623
0.913
0.961
1.258
0.921
1.369
0.695

40.9
29.0
40.6
32.4
39.2
30
32.6
39.8
31
30.2
70.2
33.2
43.4
28.7
53.4
26
38.3
26.3
30
49.4
28.3
24
49.3
39.6
44.4
33
54.6
61.8
52.6
40.2
32.7
40.6
38.8

1.089
0.772
0.541
0.863
1.044
0.799
0.868
1.060
0.825
0.804
0.623
0.884
1.156
0.764
0.711
0.692
1.020
0.350
0.799
0.658
0.754
0.639
1.313
1.055
1.182
0.879
1.454
0.823
0.700
1.070
0.871
1.081
1.033

4/29/05 3:47:55 PM

Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution

5-78
Ion
1/2Malate2
1/2Maleate2
1/2Malonate2
Methylsulfate
Naphthylacetate
1/2Oxalate2
Octylsulfate
Phenylacetate
1/2oPhthalate2
1/2mPhthalate2

Section5.indb 78

104 m2 S mol1
58.8
61.9
63.5
48.8
28.4
74.11
29
30.6
52.3
54.7

D
105 cm2 s1
0.783
0.824
0.845
1.299
0.756
0.987
0.772
0.815
0.696
0.728

Ion
Picrate
Pivalate
Propionate
Propylsulfate
Salicylate
1/2Suberate2
1/2Succinate2
pSulfonate
1/2Tartarate2
Trichloroacetate

104 m2 S mol1
30.37
31.9
35.8
37.1
36
36
58.8
29.3
59.6
35

D
105 cm2 s1
0.809
0.849
0.953
0.988
0.959
0.479
0.783
0.780
0.794
0.932

4/29/05 3:47:56 PM