y

Antonymy is The semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express opposite meanings. Example: teachers students .

b. Hyponym is is a word or phrase whose semantic field is included within that of another word, its hypernym (sometimes spelled hyperonym outside of the natural language processing community. In simpler terms, a hyponym shares a type-of relationship with its hypernym. For example, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, and crimson are all hyponyms of red (their hypernym), which is, in turn, a hyponym of colour. c. Homophone is two words that sound the same but don't look the same. (ex: bear and bare) Homograph is word that has the same spelling as another. Homographs differ from each other in meaning, origin, and sometimes pronunciation.Example:
y y y

bow, the front part of a ship bow, to bend bow, a decorative knot Collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". examples: Natural English... Unnatural English... the fast train fast food a quick shower a quick meal the quick train quick food a fast shower a fast meal

d.

VI.

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Explain the Stephen Krashens hypotheses about language acquistion and learning ! Answer:

Acquisition-learning hypothesis
In modern linguistics, there are many theories as to how humans are able to develop language ability. According to Stephen Krashen's acquisition-learning hypothesis, there are two independent ways in which we develop our linguistic skills: acquisition and learning. This theory is at the core of modern language acquisition theory, and is perhaps the most fundamental of Krashen's theories on Second Language Acquisition.

Acquisition
Acquisition of language is a subconscious process of which the individual is not aware. One is unaware of the process as it is happening and when the new knowledge is acquired, the acquirer generally does not realize that he or she possesses any new knowledge. According to Krashen, both adults and children can subconsciously acquire language, and either written or oral language can be acquired. This process is similar to the process that children undergo when learning their native language. Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language, during which the acquirer is focused on meaning rather than form.

Learning
Learning a language, on the other hand, is a conscious process, much like what one experiences in school. New knowledge or language forms are represented consciously in the learner's mind, frequently in the form of language "rules" and "grammar" and the process often involves error correction.]. Language learning involves formal instruction, and according to Krashen, is less effective than acquisition.

VII.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS
a. how is the inter relationship between language and culture? b. Please explain: dialect and idiolect ! Answers:

A. It is generally agreed that language and culture are closely related. Language can be viewed as a verbal expression of culture. It is used to maintain and convey culture and cultural ties. Language provides us with many of the categories we use for expression of our thoughts, so it is therefore natural to assume that our thinking is influenced by the language which we use. The values and customs in the country we grow up in shape the way in which we think to a certain extent. Cultures hiding in languages, examines the link between Japanese language and culture. An Insight into Korean Culture through the Korean Language discusses how Korean culture influences the language. Languages spoken in Ireland, focuses on the status of the Irish language nowadays and how it has changed over time. In our big world every minute is a lesson looks at intercultural communication and examines how it can affect interactions between people from countries and background. B.