Chapter 1: Introduction To OS, Windows XP: What Is OS? Importance of OS

Chapter 1: Introduction to OS, Windows XP
What is OS?
Full form of OS is Operating System.
Importance of OS.
OS is very important part of a computer system. Without OS it is not possible
to
run a computer. OS is software part of computer. It is needed to work with
the
hardware part.
Work of OS.
OS does many works. It manages your works. If you are running many
softwares
at a time OS manages the CPU timing distribution between the softwares.It
also
manages your RAM distribution between programs and paging of your data
which is being used by various programs currently running.
Which OS are available today in market?
In today’s market so many OS are available. You can choose between them
as
your need.
DOS, Windows, Linux, UNIX, Mac are various examples of OS.
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© Kunal Pradhan. Any part of this book can not be republished or
printed
anywhere without written permission.
What is Windows?
Windows is series of OS.Windows is development of Microsoft Corporation.
Microsoft gives Windows name to its developed OS.
Which are the various Windows?
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows XP,
Windows Vista are the various Windows.
What is Windows XP?
Windows XP is an OS developed by Microsoft Corporation under its label
Windows. It was developed after Windows 2000 and Windows NT.
Why Windows XP got fame between people?
Windows XP is faster than previous Windows versions. People liked its speed.
Also Windows XP has very good graphics than previous versions of windows.
People liked the great combination of speed and UI (User Interface).
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Chapter 2: Windows XP Detailed Study
Lets Know about Windows XP in Details
_ In this version of windows System Files are stored in %windrive%\windows
_ Most of important files are saved in directory named System32.
_ System32 directory is a sub directory of the windows directory
_ Where %windrive% is the hard disk partition drive where you have installed
the
Windows XP
_ Wallpaper, theme and so many other setting can be set individual for each
user.
_ For saving this settings Windows XP uses a folder named ‘Documents and
Settings’
_ This folder contains a folder for each user and this folder’s name has given
the
same name as the user’s account name
_ Under this username folder there are folders named My
Documents,Desktop,Start
Menu,Shared,Application Data,Cookies,Local Settings,NetHood,Recent,
Favorites, PrintHood,Send To etc.
_ We will talk later about the folders in the following chapters.
_ This folder also contains two files named NTUSER.DAT and ntuser.dat.log
which stores most of user profile settings.
_ Windows XP stores most of settings in registry.
_ It stores programs, windows and some user setting in registry.
_ We will talk about the registry in Registry tweaks settings.
_ Windows XP supports many file systems.
_ Most of people use FAT, FAT32 and NTFS file systems.
_ Windows XP has a in-built CD burner software _
_ Means you can burn CDs from Windows XP without using any third party
software.
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_ Windows XP has a very good Explorer.
_ It has given shortcuts as a panel in left side of Explorer.
_ So you can do work so easily without going in the menus.
_ Other thing is Windows XP gives a new look to Start Menu.
_ It also has direct access to some special folders like My Dcuments, My
Photos
etc.
Lets know use of some important System32 files
_ As I said above System32 folder is in %windrive%\windows folder.
_ Where %windrive% is the hard disk partition drive where you have installed
the
Windows XP
_ This folder contains some important files; let’s know them one by one.
_ access.cpl – This is your Accessibility Options, By which you can chance
some keyboard, mouse and display settings. ( .cpl extension shows this file is
a control panel extension )
_ accwiz.exe – This is your Accessibility Wizard ,using this you can change
some windows options like font size in windows etc.
_ calc.exe – Your windows’ default calculator!!!
_ certmgr.msc – This is your some certificates ( Not of your Exams _ )
_ charmap.exe-This is your character map, using this you can type many
characters that are not on your keyboard. For example Register Mark ®,trade
mark ™ and many other characters.
Tip: Use Advance view to get a search box _
_ ciadv.msc-Provides fast and flexible searching on file contents and
properties.(.msc extension shows Microsoft Common Console Document)
_ cmd.exe-Your command prompt
_ compmgmt.msc-Computer management, Manage your whole computer.
_ desk.cpl- Display properties Dialog Box. Change your wallpaper, theme,
appearance, screen saver and graphics settings.
_ devmgmt.msc – Device Manager, Mange your all hardware devices.
_ dfrg.msc- Disk Defragmenter, Defrag your disk to speed up hard disk
access.
_ diskmgmt.msc- Disk Management ,Manage your disks( hard disk and
removable),useful to format, in changing drive letter etc.
_ drwatson.exe-Its a doctor for windows _
_ eventvwr.exe- Event Viewer, Displays event logs.
_ firewall.cpl-Open Windows Firewall settings dialog box (SP2 only)
_ freecell.exe-Freecell game,Comon ! Lets Play _
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_ fsmgmt.msc- Displays shared folders, current sessions, and open files.
_ fsquirt.exe-Bluetooth file transfer wizard
_ gpedit.msc-Group Policy
_ hdwwiz.cpl-Add new Hardware Wizard
_ iexpress.exe-Creates a self extracting or Self installing package
_ inetcpl.cpl-Internet Options… (Internet Properties)
_ joy.cpl-Add Or Remove joysticks
_ magnify.exe-Magnifier
_ main.cpl-Mouse Properties,Change mouse settings.
_ mplay32.exe-Windows Media Player 5.1
_ mshearts.exe- Hearts Game
_ mspaint.exe-Microsoft Paint
_ narrator.exe-Narrator
_ ncpa.cpl-Network Connections
_ netsetup.cpl-Network Setup Wizard
_ notepad.exe-Notepad
_ ntbackup.exe-Backup or Restore Wizard
_ ntmsmgr.msc- Catalogs removable media and manages automated
libraries
_ nusrmgr.cpl-User Accounts
_ osk.exe-On screen Keyboard ( you can use it if your keyboard is not
working)
_ packager.exe-Object packager
_ perfmon.exe-Performance monitor
_ regsvr32.exe-Register or Unregister files like dll files etc.
_ rtcshare.exe-Used for sharing between two or more PCs
_ secpol.msc-Security Policy
_ services.msc- Starts, stops, and configures Windows services.
_ shrpubw.exe-Shared Folder Creating Wizard
_ sigverif.exe-File signature verifier,Detects changes in genuine windows files
_ sndrec32.exe-Sound Recorder
_ sndvol32.exe-Volume Control
_ sol.exe-Solitaire Game ( Oh I just won!!! _ )
_ sysdm.cpl-System Properties Dialog box
_ sysedit.exe-Edit some system files
_ syskey.exe-Secure Windows XP account database
_ taskmgr.exe-Task manager
_ telephon.cpl-Phone and Modem options
_ telnet.exe-Microsoft telnet client
_ timedate.cpl-Date and Time properties
_ tourstart.exe-Windows XP Tour
_ utilman.exe-Utility Manager
_ verifier.exe-Driver verify manager
_ winchat.exe-Chat in network ( Hiiiii _)
_ winmine.exe-Minesweeper game
_ write.exe-WordPad
_ wscui.cpl-Windows Security Center( SP2 Only)
_ wuaucpl.cpl-Automatic Update settings
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Tip: You can direct type the file name in start_Run to start the
application
you want.
E.g. You can type firewall.cpl there to direct open Firewall settings
dialog
box.
o Important Files of Windows folder excluding sub folders(Work with
Start_Run
also as above written)
1. regedit.exe-Inbuit Registry editor
2. explorer.exe-Explorer
Chapter 3: Various Method To Recover OR Reset Windows
XP
Password
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WARNING: I am teaching Cracking or ways to Reset XP password is for
Education
Purpose Only. I am not responsible for Illegal use of these tricks. Crack the
password
only when the account is yours and you are taking the responsibility of any
damage of
your system and any legal actions for cracking the password. I AM NOT
RESPONCIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE OF YOUR SYSTEM AND ILLEGAL USE
OF THE TRICKS.
Now we can start, What to do when you forget your account
password or Administrator password.
You become helpless when no administrator account is left due to forgetting
the
password. _
Here is some methods, using that you can recover your password or reset it.
___
When you forget your password First try to recover the password is Windows
XP
Password Reset Disk.
Use it if you have created it in past.
But I have no Password reset disk _
Still you can recover and reset your password _
First I will teach you How to reset the password without password reset disk.
Our first tool is Offline NT Password & Registry Editor.
It’s a freeware tool.
It can be downloaded from the link below.
http://home.eunet.no/pnordahl/ntpasswd/
Please read author’s readme and instructions and terms of use before using
it.
Other Shareware tools can be found on Internet.
After this Password Resetting Trick lets learn a password recovering trick.(If
you get a
challenge from your friend _ )
Now lets start collecting only one tool from Internet..
Just google it .Search using these keywords.
View windows password,windows password from registry,dump windows
password
tool,recover windows password
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After getting a tool to dump password from registry (We have to decrypt LM
and NTLM
hashes in which Windows XP stores its password.).
Now we have to run our Windows XP setup again.
Keep your Windows XP bootable CD and CD key handy.
First do change some settings in your BIOS.
_ Keep CD rom drive as first boot device.
_ Now boot from your Windows XP CD.
_ Accept the windows setup license agreement and select repair option
_ Now complete the whole first part of setup.
_ It will be completed and will restart automatically.
_ Now don’t boot from Windows XP CD.
_ Now you can see your Windows XP boot screen.
_ Setup will start again.
_ Now wait for the screen saying “Installing Devices”
_ After seeing this window press Shift + F10 key.
_ You can see a command prompt window.
_ Type the files you want to run. Which file names you can type I have above
in
System32 files section in Chapter 2.
_ But here we will run our User Accounts window.
_ Understood what you have to write there in command prompt window.
_ Correct!!! That’s nusrmgr.cpl file.
_ I mean write nusrmgr.cpl there and press enter.
_ Now you can create a new account. Create it as Administrator. (Don’t take
the
Limited option at the Pick an account type dialog box.)
_ Complete the whole installation of Windows XP ( You need your CD key as I
told above)
_ Windows will reboot after it completes the setup.
_ Start Windows XP in normal mode.
_ Logon into windows using your new created account.
_ Run the program that you downloaded from internet to view the Windows
XP
password.
_ Yo!!! You have done it.
_ You can also type ‘control userpasswords2’ without quotes in that
command
prompt window if you want to use the account of which you have to find the
password(If you don’t want to create new (administrator) account ).
_ After this you will see a dialog box named user accounts.
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_ Remove the check mark of Users must enter a user name and password to
use this
computer. (At rounded in picture above).
_ Now complete the setup of Windows XP as told above (remember now you
don’t
have to create a new administrator account).
_ Run the program that you downloaded from internet to view the Windows
XP
password.
Tricks:
_ You can press Shift + F11 to launch an Extra dialog box which
shows the setup
process, which looks like a normal software wizard dialog box, by
this you can
impress your friends telling that you are installing a special version
of Windows
that’s only made for you. Because we will modify so many things in
Windows XP in
following chapters.
Note: You have to press Shift + F11 two or three times during the
setup in various
sessions.
Note : I have found the above trick during XP setup. This trick might
has been
published ago. I don’t know it has been published or not. But if it is
published all
rights are reserved to that inventor, not mine on the trick. I respect
him if there is
some one who has done this earlier.
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Chapter 4: Some Registry Tweaks.
You need a registry editor to perform the registry tweaks given in this
chapter. You can
use windows inbuilt registry editor or any other.
What is Registry?
First we will know what is registry and how is the registry important.
Registry is an important part of windows.Windows store its settings in
registry.Also third
party softwares store their settings in windows registry.Softwares stores their
settings like
window width,last used file in the software etc.
Below is Microsoft default registry edidor which comes with windows and we
can run it
by typing regedit in
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Start_Run.
What types of registry values are available?
You can create 5 types of registry values.
1. String Value
2. Binary Value
3. DWORD Value
4. Multi-String Value
5. Expandable String Value
First you need the permission to run registry editor. If your administrator or
any virus or
malware has disabled registry editor program.
_ Enable Registry Editor
_ Open Notepad.
_ Type the below things.
_ [version]
signature=$chicago$
[defaultinstall]
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delreg=regedit
[regedit]
HKCU,Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System,"Di
sableRegistryTools"
HKLM,Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System,"Di
sableRegistryTools"
[End]
_ Save the file any where in hard disk as regenable.inf (you can give any
other name).
_ To start registry editor go to Start_Run and type regedit and press enter.
Now lets do some registry tweaks in your system.
_ View Administrator At Welcome Screen
By default Windows XP doesn't show the Administrator in the user list at the
welcome screen. Here's a way to get it back.
_ Start Registry Editor.
_ Now go here by browsing registry.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVe
rsion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\Userlist
_ create a new DWORD entry and name it as Administrator
_ Change its value to 1.
_ Exit registry editor and reboot computer for the changes to take effect.
_ To change it back change its value to 0 or simply delete key
_ Renaming The Recycle Bin icon:
You can not find rename option in desktop’s recycle bin’s right click menu.
For enabling the rename option do the following steps.
_ Open Registry Editor
_ Go to below path by browsing registry.
_ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT/CLSID/{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-
00AA002F954E}/ ShellFolder
_ To change the features shown on the below, edit the value of "Attributes"
and set it to one of the values below
41 01 00 20 - Copy
42 01 00 20 - Cut
43 01 00 20 - Copy and Cut
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44 01 00 20 - Paste
45 01 00 20 - Copy and Paste
46 01 00 20 - Cut and Copy
47 01 00 20 - Cut, Copy and Paste
50 01 00 20 - Rename
60 01 00 20 - Delete
70 01 00 20 - Rename and Delete
_ For example to add the ability to Rename the Recycle Bin browse in
registry the path [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{645FF040-5081-
101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}\ShellFolder] and change the value of
"Attributes" to "50 01 00 20"
_ Note: The default value is "40 01 00 20",if anytime you want to reset it.
_ Other Special Folders in Alphabetical Orders
Administrative Tools {D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524153}
Briefcase {85BBD92O-42A0-1O69-A2E4-08002B30309D}
Control Panel {21EC2O2O-3AEA-1O69-A2DD-08002b30309d}
Fonts {D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}
History {FF393560-C2A7-11CF-BFF4-444553540000}
Inbox {00020D75-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}
Microsoft Network {00028B00-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}
My Computer {20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}
My Documents {450D8FBA-AD25-11D0-98A8-0800361B1103}
My Network Places {208D2C60-3AEA-1069-A2D7-08002B30309D}
Network Computers {1f4de370-d627-11d1-ba4f-00a0c91eedba}
Network Connections {7007ACC7-3202-11D1-AAD2-00805FC1270E}
Printers and Faxes {2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}
Programs Folder {7be9d83c-a729-4d97-b5a7-1b7313c39e0a}
Recycle Bin {645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}
Scanners and Cameras {E211B736-43FD-11D1-9EFB-
0000F8757FCD}
Scheduled Tasks {D6277990-4C6A-11CF-8D87-00AA0060F5BF}
Start Menu Folder {48e7caab-b918-4e58-a94d-505519c795dc}
Temporary Internet Files {7BD29E00-76C1-11CF-9DD0-
00A0C9034933}
Web Folders {BDEADF00-C265-11d0-BCED-00A0C90AB50F}
_ The long combination of words and numbers are called the GUID
(Globally Unique Identifier) of the folders.
_ So now you can rename or copy or cut all these special folders.
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_ You have to replace the GUID in the trick.
_ Removing Shared Documents folder From My Computer
_ Open registry editor and go to the key.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \
CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ My Computer \ NameSpace \ DelegateFolders
_ You must see a sub-folder named {59031a47-3f72-44a7-89c5-
5595fe6b30ee}.
_ Delete the key.
_ Congrats!! You have done successfully.
_ Add that folder again to get it back.
_ Force windows XP to reboot upon crashing
After enabling this function windows reboots automatically if it crashes.
This is useful when you are far away from computer and you have to keep
the
windows running continuously although it crashes.
_ Navigate to below key
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM
\CurrentControlSet\Control\CrashControl'
_ Change the ‘AutoReboot' value to 1.
_ If don’t want to reboot automatically on crash change it to 0.
_ You can also do this setting without editing registry editing.
_ Go to system properties dialog box. (Right click My Computer and select
properties from menu.)
_ Go to the ‘Advance’ tab.
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_ Press ‘Settings’ button of Startup and Recovery section.
_ Now you can see a dialog box as above.
_ Check the option ‘Automatic restart’ under System failure section to
enable automatic restart.(rounded in above figure).
_ Click OK and OK again on main dialog box.
_ You have done it successfully.
_ Removing the Recycle Bin from the Desktop:
_ Some people don’t use Recycle Bin; they delete their files directly by
pressing ‘delete’ with ‘shift’. So if you are among these people and if you
are not needed the recycle bin on desktop then you can delete it from
desktop.
_ Open Registry Editor.
_ Navigate to this key.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentV
ersion/explorer/Desktop/NameSpace
_ Delete the {645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E} sub key of
NameSpace key. (This is GUID of Recycle Bin).
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_ Understood??? You can add all the special folders on Desktop using this
logic.
_ Just add the GUID to the path given above.
_ You have to create a new key for each GUID and add it to the NameSpace
folder.
_ I have explained all the GUIDs of special folders ago in this chapter.
_ E.g. If you wanted to add fonts folder on desktop look in Rename Recycle
Bin topic for fonts folder’s GUID.
_ Ya it’s {D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}.
_ Just create a sub key in NameSpace key named the GUID written above
with brackets.(You have to just create a key, nothing to do in right panel)
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_ Close Registry Editor.
_ You need not to restart windows.
_ It will come on Desktop.
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_ You can see now the ‘fonts’folder appears on Desktop as an object.
_ Amazing !!!
_ Adding Special Folders to My Computer
_ Now we are going to add special folders to My Computer.
_ After all we are making special version of Windows XP made for
personally for you.
_ For adding the special folders to My Computer open Registry Editor.
_ Navigate to the key below.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentV
ersion\Explorer\MyComputer\NameSpace
_ As I told in previous topic create a new sub key named with GUID of
special folder.You have to create a new sub key for each folder.
_ I am adding Recycle Bin in My Computer for an Example.
_ Now look for GUID of recycle bin in previous topic(Renaming Recycle
Bin).
_ That’s {645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}
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_ Create a new sub key of NameSpace named the above GUID to add
Recycle Bin in My Computer.
_ After adding the key window will look like this.
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_ Finally we got the result.
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_ If you have set the icons as ‘Show in Group’ as ‘Type’ the added object
will be shown in ‘Other’ section.
_ To set icons like this as shown in above image right click in My Computer
window and then choose ‘Arrange Icons By’ and then choose ‘Type’.
_ Now do the previous step once again and this time choose ‘Show in
Groups’ from the available options.
_ You have done.
_ Automatically close non-responding programs
Some time programs become non-responsive.If you see in task manager
their
Status then it will be Not Responding instead of Running.
Now we can set to windows to end them automatically as they become
nonresponsive.
_
Here are the steps to set them.
_ Navigate to below key.
_ HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\ Desktop
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_ In Right side panel look up for the REG_SZ entry ‘AutoEndTasks’ and
Modify its value to 1.
_ You can also set time for waiting before end the application if an
application becomes non-responsive.
_ For this setting on same path find the ‘WaitToKillAppTimeout’ key in
right panel and change its value to the time you want.(Write time in
Milliseconds).
_ Change Menu Time Delay
_ You can set how much time to take to popup a menu.In simple words how
much time you have to put the mouse on a menu extension aero to see the
menu.
_ To change this time delay(by default 20 seconds) open registry editor.
_ HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\ Desktop
_ Look up for the key ‘MenuShowDelay’ in Right side penal.
_ Change its value to as you want in ms.Number must be between 0 to 4000.
_ Use 0 for no time delay in menu display.
_ Close the registry editor.
_ Now you can see so many other settings also can be changed for this
registry key.
_ Try it yourself.
_ Hide all or specific drive of My Computer
_ This registry tweak enables you to hide your all or any one drive of My
Computer.
_ After doing this registry change one or more or all drives will not be
shown in My Computer.
_ This trick will be helpful in keeping your private data safe from others.
_ Open registry editor.
_ HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\
Policies\Explorer
_ Create a DWORD value named ‘NoDrives’(case sensitive).
_ Now put its valve in decimal as you want to hide the drive.
_ Here are the values to put as the drive character.
_ A: 1, B: 2, C: 4, D: 8, E: 16, F: 32, G: 64, H: 128, I: 256, J: 512, K: 1024,
L: 2048, M: 4096, N: 8192, O: 16384, P: 32768, Q: 65536, R: 131072, S:
262144, T: 524288, U: 1048576, V: 2097152, W: 4194304, X: 8388608,
Y: 16777216, Z: 33554432, ALL: 67108863
_ If you want to hide D drive then put its value to 8.
_ If you wants to hide C and D drive both then put its value to Number of
C+Number of D.
_ Means 4+8=12
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_ If you want to hide all drives then put its value to 67108863 OR 3FFFFFF
(Hexadecimal).
_ You have to do the same thing as above on path below.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersio
n\Policies\Explorer
_ Restart computer to take effect.
_ Delete the DWORD value that you created to Unhide the drives.
_ Restrict User to Run an Application
_ You can block user from running all application expect you listed.
_ To do this setting go to the path below after opening registry editor.
_ HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion
\Policies\Explorer
_ Create a new DWORD value and named "RestrictRun"
_ Set its value to 1
_ Then create a new sub-key “RestrictRun”
_ The path should look like this.
_ HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion
\Policies\Explorer\RestrictRun
_ Now you have to create a list of applications that are allowed to run.
_ Create a new String value for each application.
_ You must name the string to continue numbers like 1,2,3,4 and you can’t
break the chain.
_ Add the name of application to restrict to run in “”.
_ Like our favorite Registry Editor to “regedit.exe”
_ Restart windows to take effect
_ Also note that this list also applicable to you though you are a creator of it
and also an administrator. So be careful.
_ Also you can quick put or remove Restrictions.
_ For this you have to edit the first key you have created named
“RestrictRun”
_ Set it to 0 to remove the restriction.
_ A inbuilt Restriction Manager _
_ Access Dined On a Drive or All Drives
_ Instead of hiding drives you can deny their access from users.
_ To do this look up the Hide drive tweak.
_ Instead of creating ‘NoDrives’ key,you have to create "NoViewOnDrive"
(case sensitive) value.
_ Other all things remain same.
_ Delete the DWORD value to give access to the drive.
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_ Display legal notice on startup
_ You can display a legal notice on startup to warn users from a illegal use
of your computer.
_ For this open registry editor and navigate to following path.
ersion\policies\system
_ In right side panel you can see two entries named “legalnoticecaption” and
“legalnoticetext”.
_ Just change the value you want.
_ Close registry editor.
_ Remove Last Name From User Name On Logon screen
_ You can remove your last name from username on logon screen.
_ Means I have created an account named Kunal Pradhan and I want to see
only Kunal on Logon Screen change the setting from here.
ersion\policies\system
_ In right side panel you can see one entry named
“dontdisplaylastusername”.
_ Change its value 1 to not to display your last user name and 0 for to
display your last name on Logon Screen.
_ Close Registry Editor.
_ Restart your computer.
_ Removing invalid entries from Add/Remove Programs List
Sometimes when you uninstall a program, corresponding entry in the Add or
Remove Programs listing may not be removed. This may be due to
incomplete
uninstallation or poorly designed uninstaller itself. To manually remove the
entries from the Add or Remove Programs list, follow these steps:
_ Navigate to key below.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \
CurrentVersion \ Uninstall
_ Backup this before you go further.
_ Each subkey represents a program that you've installed.
_ To know which key is which programs ,click the key, and then view the
“DisplayName” value data in the right panel
_ Delete the subkey that you want.
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_ Change Windows registration information
_ If you want to change the Windows registration if you typed wrong
spelling during setup.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
NT\CurrentVersion
_ In right side panel find these two entries named 'RegisteredOwner' and
'RegisteredOrganization'.
_ Change their value as you want.
_ Change the location of your special folders
_ You can change your special folders’ location.
_ Give the location on any drive that you want.
_ This setting includes special folders like My Documents,My Pictures etc.
_ This setting will affect to your start menu also.
_ Links will be changed in start menu also.
Explorer\User Shell Folders
_ Change the path of folder you want.
_ Log off or Restart computer to take effect.
_ Create your own start menu with your own folders !!!
_ Change the location of installation source of windows
_ You can change the source location of your windows installation files.
_ Navigate to the key below.
ersion\Setup
_ Modify the value under ‘SourcePath’ key as you want.
_ Create a key if not available by default there.
_ Close registry editor and Restart system.
_ Disable Right Click on Desktop
_ You can disable right click on desktop.
_ So you can stop direct access to right click items on desktop right click
menu.
_ For doing this setting open registry editor.
_ Navigate to below key.
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Policies\Explorer
_ Create a new DWORD value.
_ Name it "NoViewContextMenu".
_ Put its value 1 for disable right click.
_ Keep its value 0 for enable right click.
_ You have to do this setting for all users to disable right click on all user
account of your system.
_ For doing this setting go to this path in registry editor.
n\Policies\Explorer
_ Do the same entry here.
_ Restart or log off to apply setting.
_ Delete the key you have created to get back previous position.
Tips : Remember one thing while registry editing which change
entries you
change in “HKEY_CURRENT_USER” will apply only to the current user
that you logged in and made changes in “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE”
will
affect on all users of the system.
_ Disable Task Manager
_ You can disable task manager.
_ So user or users can’t stop your running process.
_ Navigate to below path
Policies\System
_ Create a new DWORD value,give it "DisableTaskMgr" name.
_ Set its value 1 to disable Task Manager.
_ Set its value 0 to enable Task Manager.
n\Policies\System
_ Repeat the steps here to disable Task Manager for all users.
_ Log off or Restart system.
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_ Registry has lots of to do
_ Windows registry is a very huge registry in size.
_ It has lots of registry entries.
_ Description of all of them is not possible in a single book.(We have to
learn next chapters also)
_ So I will teach you how to understand registry.
_ So you can make changes in it yourself.
_ Registry is that thing as deep you go in it you will get mastery on it.
_ While browsing in right panel if you see an option.
_ Read that option.
_ If its value=0 then the option=false(Hexadecimal)
_ If its value=1 then the option=true(Hexadecimal)
_ In short 0=false, 1=true in whole registry where two possibility are there.
_ Try some other tweaks as above all examples.
_ Also see the current value and match it with your current system settings.
By doing this you can also know function of that registry entry.
_ Windows registry is huge as I told above.
_ You may get tired while browsing but as you go deep you will find such
interesting things that will make you fresh again.
_ Find out something new from registry, show it to your friends, become a
star. _
_ There some more important registry tweaks left yet, which are too much
important to complete this book but I will explain them as they are needed.
_ So friends I declare end of this chapter here.
Chapter 5: Windows XP Challenges
In this chapter I will give some challenges..
If you give these challenges to your friends their minds will get a wild pain.
They will ask you the solutions every second.
Don’t worry I have given solutions here.
Can we begin???
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o Challenge 1: Change the Login Screen Mode Without Login.
_ Tell your friend to change the Colorful login screen into a
classic Username and Password Login screen without login.
_ Solution 1:
_ At login screen press Ctrl + Alt and press Delete Twice.
_ You have done.
Tip: This trick is useful when you wanted to login in Administrator
account without going Restart ant and going in safe mode.
o Challenge 2 : Create a CON folder on Desktop.
_ Can you create a CON folder on desktop without using
command prompt?
_ Okay create it in your whole hard disk anywhere.
_ Can’t get success?
_ I got it.
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_ Solution 2:
_ CON folder is reserved name.
_ We can not use it.
_ Not only CON but also these names can not be used as folder
or file names:
CON,
PRN,
NUL,
COM1 to COM9,
LPT1 to LPT9,
which stand for
CONsole,
PRiNter,
NULl,
serial COMmmunication ports,
Line PrinTer ports.
_ So we can’t use them.
_ Then you are thinking how I created the folder.
_ I did not create CON folder but I added an ASCI character after
CON which can not be seen.
_ OK now time to create it yourself.
_ Right click on desktop and create a New Folder.
_ Rename it CON and then press ALT+0160.
_ Remember these numbers must be pressed from NUMPAD of
your keyboard.
_ The ALT+0160 is for “ “ ASCI character which can not be
seen.
_ Using this trick you can create all above folder.
_ There is also a MS DOS trick to create the folder in a drive but
it can not be deleted after once it has been created.
_ So I am not writing here.This is enough to fool your friend.
o Challenge 3: Put your photo in System Properties Dialog Box
_ In this challenge we will change our system properties dialog
box.
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_ For doing this we will need a tool called Resource Hacker.
_ It is a freeware and can be downloaded from the link.
_ http://www.angusj.com/resourcehacker/
_ Now remembered the file which I had explained in chapter 2.
_ Ya sysdm.cpl..
_ We will edit it using the resource hacker.
_ Open resource hacker.
_ Backup this file using explorer before editing.
_ %windir%\system32\sysdm.cpl
_ Then open this file
_ %windir%\system32\sysdm.cpl
_ Now find the photo which you want to replace.
_ Choose replace resource from right click menu.
_ Replace that resource with a proper size photo.
_ Save as the file with same name on different location.
_ Exit resource hacker.
_ Now enable show hidden files option and view system files
option in my computer tools menu.
_ Now go to below path and delete all the files
_ We have to remove edited file from Windows File Protection.
_ C:\WINDOWS\system32\dllcache where c: is your windows
directory.
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_ Delete the entire files from above folder.
_ Now go here.
_ C:\WINDOWS\system32\Restore
_ You will see a file named filelist.xml
_ This is the file in which windows stores protected files list.
_ We have to put our edited file in exclude files list.
_ This file is a Read Only file.
_ Right click on the file and select properties.
_ Remove the Read Only attribute.
_ Now open the file with notepad.
_ Put our edited file in exclude list.
_ Your filelist.xml must look like this after editing.
_ <Exclude>
<REC>%windir%\system.ini</REC>
<REC>%windir%\tasks\desktop.ini</REC>
<REC>%windir%\win.ini</REC>
<REC>*:\AUTOEXEC.BAT</REC>
<REC>C:\windows\system32\sysdm.cpl</REC>
<REC>*:\CONFIG.MSI</REC>
<REC>*:\CONFIG.SYS</REC>
</Exclude>
_ You can see our sysdm.cpl is now in exclude list.
_ Save the file.
_ Now Replace original sysdm.cpl with the edited that you saved
in different folder.
_ Yo! You have done.
_ I have made it look like Windows Vista.
_ All the symbols and trademarks are reserved by Microsoft
Corporation.
_ I created the file only for show the use of tool resource hacker.
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_ Try to make something different.
_ You can edit explorer.exe and add your name in classic start menu instead
of the
Windows XP label.
o Challenge 4: Put your photo in Explorer background
_ Put your or your favorite actor or actress’ photo in your explorer
background.
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_ As I have put my.
_ To do this task you will need an utility called IESHWIZ.EXE
_ Microsoft supplied this file with previous version of windows.
_ I think Microsoft has stopped supply of this file.
Chapter 6: Windows XP Secret Tricks
In this chapter I will give some secret tricks for your Windows XP.
These tricks will very useful to while using Windows XP.
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_ Hack your Administrator
While using your Windows XP you will need some Administrator Privileges. If
your account is not Administrator account do that things.
_ Enable Applications Like Registry Editor
_ Open Notepad.
_ Type the below things.
_ [version]
signature=$chicago$
[defaultinstall]
delreg=regedit
[regedit]
HKCU,Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System,"Disabl
eRegistryTools"
HKLM,Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System,"Disab
leRegistryTools"
[End]
_ Save the file any where in hard disk as regenable.inf (you can give any
other
name).
_ To start registry editor go to Start_Run and type regedit and press enter.
_ Create A Hidden User Account
This tweak allows creating an account that is not normally displayed on the
Welcome screen.
In Normal words a Hidden account
_ Navigate to path below.
_ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentV
ersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList
_ Modify Or Create a DWORD value names same as the account which you
want to hide on Welcome Screen.
_ Put its Hexadecimal value 0 for hide account and 1 for unhide account
_ Exit Registry editor and Reboot.
To logon in this account you have to use classic logon screen
To get that logon screen use our Challenge 1’s trick.
_ Increase Your Internet Speed
Windows Blocks your 20% of internet bandwidth for updates and etc.
_ Go to start menu and select Run,Type gpedit.msc and press enter
_ Go to the below path in group policy
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_ Computer Configuration--> Administrative Templates -->Network-->QoS
packet
_ There you can see an panel in right named setting
_ Here you can find fourth option 'Limit reservable bandwidth'
_ If it is set to not configured then double click it and choose Enable.
_ Then set bandwidth limit(%) to 0 (default 20,erase 20 and write 0)
_ Click Apply and Close Group Policy.
_ Reboot.
_ Create an Invisible Folder Without using any software
We will make an invisible folder without use of any third party software.
To create invisible folder just follow the steps below.
_ Create a New Folder.
_ Rename it.
_ When you rename it windows will ask for new name.
_ Press ALT + 0160 (0160 must be pressed from Numpad)
_ Then press enter.
_ A folder without name.
_ Now Right click that folder and select Properties.
_ Under Customize tab you can see a button named “Change Icon”
_ Now you can see a big list of icon.
_ Browse next and choose a blank icon.
_ Press OK and then APPLY in previous box and then once again OK.
_ You have done !!!
_ Now just hold left click of mouse,drag in the area in which you created the
folder and you can see your folder has been selected.
_ Create a Shortcut for Shutdown
Bored to go in Start menu and select Turn Off Computer and then once again
Turn Off .
Oh!! Too much long procedure.Let’s make a shortcut for shut down.
_ On desktop create a new shortcut from right click menu.
_ Write in location dialog box same as below.
_ shutdown -s -t 01
_ Press Next.
_ Name it Shutdown in next step.
_ Click finish.
_ Now whenever you want to shutdown your computer just double click the
Shutdown shortcut.
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_ Customize Internet Explorer's Title Bar
Give Internet Explorer’s Title Bar your name,So you can say
Windows is yours !!! _
_ Navigate to key below.
_ HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet. Explorer\Main.
_ In right side panel look for string "Window Title" and change its value to
whatever custom text you want to see.
_ Open Internet Explorer for test.
_ Hibernate Windows to get Extreme Fast Booting
You can Hibernate windows.
Hibernation is very useful.
Using Hibernation you can continue your last work after power on your
system
once again. (Your running programs remain running)
Also you can get a fast system starting.
_ To enable Hibernation you have to change a setting.
_ Right click on desktop and select Properties.
_ Under ‘Screen Saver’ Tab press ‘Power..’ button.
_ On Power Options Properties dialog box select Hibernate Tab.
_ Check the Enable Hibernation button.
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_ Click OK and Exit Display Properties dialog box confirming work that you
have done.
_ Now whenever you need Hibernate your computer.
_ Go to Start menu.
_ Select Turn Off Computer.
_ Press and hold Shift key.
_ Click on Hibernate.
_ Second way to Hibernate
_ Just press Windows Logo key + U + H.
_ Windows will start automatically as you power on it.
_ Create a Password Protected Folder Without using any
software
Create a password protector folder without third party software
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Just write code below to a notepad file
Replace kunal with your password.
Save it as locker.bat
The code starts now------
cls
@ECHO OFF
title Folder Locker
if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto
UNLOCK
if NOT EXIST Locker goto MDLOCKER
:CONFIRM
echo Are you sure u want to Lock the folder(Y/N)
set/p "cho=>"
if %cho%==Y goto LOCK
if %cho%==y goto LOCK
if %cho%==n goto END
if %cho%==N goto END
echo Invalid choice.
goto CONFIRM
:LOCK
ren Locker "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
echo Folder locked
goto End
:UNLOCK
echo Enter password to Unlock folder
set/p "pass=>"
if NOT %pass%==kunal goto FAIL
attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Locker
echo Folder Unlocked successfully
goto End
:FAIL
echo Invalid password
goto end
:MDLOCKER
md Locker
echo Locker created successfully
goto End
:End
Code Ends on above line
Now run locker.bat that you saved
On running first in a folder you will get a folder named locker.
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Keep your data in it.
Run the locker.bat again to lock
Run locker.bat again to unlock the folder.
You will be asked for password
Type password that you replaced in code for kunal
Keep the locker.bat in private for more safety.
_ Stop access to any website
You can stop your system’s users from visiting a website.
_ For doing this Go to Start menu
_ Then Select Run
_ Type C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc\hosts
_ Press Enter.
_ You will see a Open With Dialog Box
_ Select Notepad and press OK
_ Now in End of file edit like this example.
_ I am going to block www.yahoo.com for users of my computer.
_ So my computer users can’t visit yahoo.com
_ I will add line below to block yahoo and will save the file
127.0.0.1 www.yahoo.com
To block any site write 127.0.0.1 then write the site’s name after giving a
space.
Save the file.
_ Use notepad as Daily Diary
You can use notepad as a daily diary.
For doing this open Notepad and type .LOG in first line
Reopen notepad you can see today’s date.Write your dairy.
An inbuilt diary.
_ Notepad Magic
Type exactly below sentence in notepad
_ this mad guy kunal
_ Save it as any name
_ Reopen it
_ Your system also knows kunal is not mad _
_ Facts you can not write in notepad in following sequence.
_ this(4) mad(3) guy(3) kunal(5)
_ That’s it.
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_ Word Magic
Type the sentence below in MS Word and press enter.(without space between
letters)
= r a n d (200,99 )
What happened ????
Reason:
_ This is a formula
_ It takes letters randomly and creates the paragraphs.
_ In this we created 200X99 paragraph.
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Chapter 7: Removing Viruses and Securing System
In today’s computer world there are too many programmers.But as we
have seen so many of them using their programming knowledge at wrong
way.They are
using their programming knowledge in creating viruses and Trojans.
Many of viruses are being created by a little knowledge programmers.
They spreads the viruses via their local network loops. So the remains in
local loops and
does not reach till international stage.So the virus can not be noted by any
anti-virus
programs early as the virus comes.So the virus can not be removed by any
anti-virus
program.Still it reaches to so many computers.Thats why so many users
have to suffer
from that virus.
So here I will teach you what to do if you are suffering from such an
unknown virus.First let me explain an example of a virus that I had seen
recently.
DISCLAIMER: I am not creator of the virus.I just faced the virus.I am also not
responsible for misuse the data below.
Virus Details:
It puts “Open(0)” option as default in My Computer drive’s right
click menu. So
you can’t open drive by double clicking. You have to right click the
drive and
choose the open option.
Solution:
Go to Start menu.
Select Run.
Type regedit.
Select OK.
Go here by browsing registry.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVers
ion\Explorer\ MountPoints2
Delete the MountPoints2 registry key.
Now close registry editor.
Remember don’t open My computer.
Restart and boot computer via a dos bootable disk like Win 98
setup disk.
Go to c:\recycled in dos
Type “RD recycled”.
If you have this virus in more than one drive then do it again using
drive’s
character like d:\recycled and then type “RD recycled”.
That’s all.
Now restart your PC and start windows.
The virus has been successfully removed and you can use your PC
normally.
The virus comes due to a folder “.Trash-student (In windows)” or
“.recycledstudent(
In Linux)” and Virus file ctfmon.exe in c:\recycled\recycled.
Where c: is your OS drive.
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1. What is Virus?
Virus is nothing but a small computer program like other programs, but
viruses are so
small in size so they are not pointing our attention. Also they are super
hidden in our
system. Most of us have selected the option “Do not show system files” so
we can’t see
the viruses directly. They come with file merging, autorun files, Unauthorized
softwares
etc.
2. How to handle Viruses?
You can use Anti-Virus softwares available today.
Norton Anti-Virus
Quick Heal
Avast
AVG Anti-Virus
Like this many anti-virus softwares are available today
Install any one of it.
Tips:
See Anti-virus software requirements (like RAM, processor etc.)
before
installing. So your PC will not be slow down.
Run a Full system virus scan every 15 or 30 days.
Update your virus database every day or every week (If you have a
slow
internet connection) .Everyday new viruses come. You must have
new virus
database to fight with them. “Database update” option is available
in virus
program. You can set them to update automatically.
If a virus detected in a file and could not repaired by the anti-virus
program
then just delete it your self.
3.How to handle unknown viruses?
As I seen the unknown virus if you are also suffering from a virus then to do?
First do above step. If you still suffering from the virus the do the following
steps
and remove the virus yourself.
_ First go to My Computer.
_ Then go ‘Tools’ menu.
_ Choose ‘Folder Options…’
_ Now under ‘View’ tab you can see two options one about hidden files and
other about system files
_ Select ‘Show hidden files’ Radio button and uncheck ‘hide system files’
and click 'ok'
_ Now go to My Computer Hard disk drives one by one
_ Check for any unknown folder or Recycled or Recycler or any other same
as name folder.
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_ Because most of programmers put their viruses in such system hidden
folders.
_ Delete such folders if found.
_ Do above step for all drives, check your startup folder for illegal startup
_ If you can't delete this folders use a bootable source to delete like Boot-
DOS or any other OS like Linux etc.
_ You can also use a good program named ‘Unlocker’,I really like this
program.
_ Unlocker can be downloaded from this site
http://ccollomb.free.fr/unlocker/
_ Restart your system.
_ If above trick also fails,then start noting the virus.
_ As an example I noted the effect of above virus that I seen.
_ It adds open(0) as default option in My Computer right click menu.
_ So I started search in registry for ‘open(0)’
_ And I found the effected registry.
_ Thus you can also search registry for the effect.
_ Similar viruses of virus that I seen are adding Properties dialog box as
default option(If you double click folder or drive Properties dialog box
opens),Removing ‘Open’ option from right click menu etc.
_ They all can be removed by this trick.
_ If Folder Options in tools menu disabled by any virus
_ Open Run and then type gpedit.msc
_ Now go to
User Configuration > Administrative templates > Windows Component >
Windows Explorer.
_ Click on Windows Explorer you will find the 3rd option on the right side of
screen "Removes the Folder Option menu item from the Tools menu"
_ Just see its status,
if it is not configured then change it to enable by double clicking on it and
after applying again set it to not configured.
_ I hope that you will find the option after restarting windows.
_ If Show/Hide hidden files option is not shown
Sometimes the show/hide hidden files option is not shown in Tools_Folder
Options…
To enable this option follow the steps below.
_ Navigate to path below.
ersion\Explorer\Advanced\Folder\Hidden
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_ Find the string value “Type”
_ Modify its value to “Group”
_ Refresh System.(Right click n select refersh OR press F5)
_ You will get that option back.
_ How to block hackers from entering in your system?
When you are online hacker uses your internet connection and enters in your
system. He installs Trojans, viruses, malware etc. in your system that he had
created. You can stop him.
Softwares are available to stop them. Such softwares are called as Firewalls.
Windows Firewall(SP2)
Zone Alarm Firewall
Norton Firewall
Quick Heal Firewall
Chapter 8: Some Useful shortcuts and More
Some people works with keyboard instead of mouse.
Here is list of some useful shortcuts.
_ CTRL+C (Copy)
_ CTRL+X (Cut)
_ CTRL+V (Paste)
_ CTRL+Z (Undo)
_ Delete(Delete)
_ Shift +Delete(Deletes the selected item or items permanently without
placing
the item in the Recycle Bin)
_ CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
_ CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected
item)
_ F2 key (Rename the selected item)
_ CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the
next word)
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_ CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the
previous word)
_ CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the
next paragraph)
_ ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
_ F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
_ F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
_ SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
_ WindowsLogo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
_ WindowsLogo+D (Display the desktop)
_ Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
_ Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
_ Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
_ ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
_ Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
_ Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
_ Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or
off)
_ Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
_ SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
_ NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
_ CTRL+A (Select all)
_ F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
_ ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
_ ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
_ ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
_ ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
_ Windows Logo+U+U (Shutdown)
_ Windows Logo+U+H (Hibernate (you must have enable it))
_ CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have
multiple documents open simultaneously)
_ ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
_ NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under
the selected folder)
_ NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
_ NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
_ END (Display the bottom of the active window)
_ HOME (Display the top of the active window)
_ Unit conversion in Our Field
_ Bit = Single Binary Digit (1 or 0)
_ Byte = 8 bits
_ Kilobyte (KB) = 1,024 Bytes or 8192 bits
_ Megabyte (MB) = 1,024 Kilobytes or 1048576 Bytes or 8388608 Bits
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_ Gigabyte (GB) = 1,024 Megabytes or 1048576 KB or 1073741824 Bytes or
589934592 Bits
_ Terabyte (TB) = 1,024 Gigabytes or 1048576 MB or 1073741824 KB or
099511627776 Bytes or 8796093022208 Bits
_ Petabyte (PB) = 1,024 Terabytes or 1048576 GB or 1073741824 MB or
099511627776 KB or 1125899906842624 Bytes or 9007199254740992 Bits
_ Exabyte (EB) = 1,024 Petabytes or 1048576 TB or 1073741824 GB or
1099511627776 MB
The Book Ends here,But not the Journey………

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