RECOUNT

In this life, time goes by until some of us die. We surely go through this life passing the time. During the whole life, we have experienced many happenings that we left behind. We keep some of the events in our memory. They become our unforgettable experiences. Some are nice and the others are bad. What are your unforgettable experiences? How did they happen? In this lesson, we will study about recount of our or others experiences, especially how they happened.

What is a recount? A recount is a type of spoken or written text that deals with past experiences. The purpose is to retell some events that happened in the past. A recount text has a generic structure, having three components (one is optional): (1) Orientation, (2) Events, and (3) Reorientation (optional). Recount are principally not the same as narratives although both mostly talk about past events. Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisisis or turning point which in turn finds a resolution while recounts do not have to come to a serious crisis or complication.

Generic structure of recount text: A recount text has a generic structure, having three components: Orientation : an introduction that provides thee setting and introduces paxrticipants Events : account that tells what happened, in a sequence Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Etc Reorientation (optional): closure of events Lexicogrammatical features: 1. The recount focuses on a sequence of events all of which relate to a particular occasion

2. It introduces specific participants ( I and we ) 3. Frequent uses of Simple Past Tense 4. Past ContinTense is sometimes used 5. Temporal sequencers are also used in the sentences to show the events. Before ,.. After .,..

When .,.. While .,. ..until .. During..,.. As .., . At that time / moment, . After that / then, Firstly / secondly / finally, ..

Example of text Recount : Forgetting The Most Important Thing Mr. and Mrs. Henry planned to spend their holidays by going overseas for vacation. They imagined that they would have a good time. They prepared many things for their vacation. They packed their suitcases three days ahead of time. They went to the bank and purchased traveler s checks two days before. And one day before the expected day, they asked their nextdoor neighbor to water their plants, feed their cats, and shovel their driveway if it snowed. On the very day, Mr. and Mrs. Henry arrived at the airport exactly a few minutes before the departure. When they searched their hand bags and didn t find the things they wanted, they realized that they had forgotten to bring their plane ticket with them. There wasn t enough time to go back home and get them. Mr. and Mrs. Henry were heartbroken and couldn t believe what they just experienced. They thought they were all prepared for their vacation, but they forgot to do the most important thing.

One day I was setting in the local library, I started to read a medical encyclopedia that was lying on the table in front of me. The first illness I read about was cholera. As I read the list of symptoms, it occurred to me that perhaps I had cholera myself. I sat for a while, too frightened to move. Then, in a kind of dream, I started to turn the pages of the book again. I came to malaria. Yes, there was no doubt about it I had malaria too. And I certainly had hepatitis. And

yellow fever. And so it went on. I read through the whole book, and by the end I came to the conclusion that I had every illness. There was only one illness I didn t have housemaid s knee. I sat and thought, and I became more and more worried. I wondered how long I had to live. I examined myself. I felt my pulse. At first, I couldn t find it at all; then, suddenly it seems start off. I looked at my watch to time it it was beating 147 times a minute. I tried to feel my and that was

heart. I couldn t feel it. It wasn t beating. I stuck my tongue out and tried to look at it. I could only see the end of it, but from that I was even more certain than before that I had yellow fever. I went straight to my doctor, who was a good friend of mine. What s the matter with you? he asked. I have every illness in the medical encyclopedia. I told him how I read the medical encyclopedia. Then he opened my mouth and looked at my tongue, and he felt mu pulse, and he listened to my heart. Then he sat down and wrote a prescription. It said: 3 good meals every day A two-mile walk every day morning Be in bed at 11 o clock every night Don t read medical books! I followed the doctor s instructions, and I am happy to say that I now feel quite well again. (Adapted from Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome , first published in 1889)

PROCEDUR
What is a procedure? A procedure is a sequence of practical or mechanical steps which are done to achieve a goal or result. Procedure texts can be spoken or written. Knowing much about procedure text is very useful for our daily life, especially later when you work with machines or things that need some peocedures to operate. Principally, procedures deal with how to do, make and use something. Ciri-ciri Procedure Text: 1. Struktur umumnya (generic structure) terdiri dari: Goal/Aim: tujuan dan maksud isi teks. Contoh: How to make sandwich Material/Tool: bahan atau alat-alat yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat/melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: The materials are as follows: 1. Two slides of bread, 2. Friedegg, strawberry jam, chocolate sprinkles, . Steps/Procedures: langkah-langkah atau prosedur dalam melakukan/membuat sesuatu. Contoh: First, take two slides of bread and 2. Menggunakan tenses simple present 3. Sering memakai kalimat Perintah (imperatives/orders). Contoh: Turn on the lamp, Put the rice into the rice cooker, Don t forget to press the on button, 4. Kata-kata urutan (sequences). Contoh: first, second, then, next, the last, finally

Generic structure of procedure text Generic structure components of a procedure: GOAL : Title of the text ( e.g. How to make a cup of coffee milk ) MATERIALS : Optional, not for all procedural texts E.g. The ingredients are (especially for a recipe): spoonful of sugar . . or, What you need (kitchen utensils):

A teapot . . STEPS : A series of steps oriented to achieving the Goal E.g Firstly, boil 200 cc of water . ..

Lexicogrammatical features The use of Simple present tense, often in an imperative form E.g. Add some sugar and salt 1. The use of temporal conjunctions ( or numbering to indicate sequence, especially in written text) a. As the sentence introducers (sequencers), especially in spoken texts: First, Firstly, . .. .

Second, . Secondly, Then, .. Thirdly,

After that,

. Afterwards, .. ..

Finally, .. Lastly,

E.g. After that, put the vegetables into the pan b. As time introducers, especially in spoken text: before After .., When While ., until During , .

E.g. While you are boiling the water, grind the chilies, onions, and salt

contoh Procedure Text 1 Having a kite flying is interesting and make it by self is easy. Prepare the following materials to make a kite: 1) Butcher cord 2) Scotch tape or glue 3) Sheet of strong paper 4) Strong, straight wooden sticks of bamboo Markers, paint or crayons After the materials have been prepared, the directions bellow is easy instruction on how to make a kite: 1) Make a cross with the two sticks, with the shorter stick placed horizontally across the longer stick. 2) Tie the two sticks together with the string in such a way as to make sure that they are at right angles to each other. 3) Cut a notch at each end of the sticks. Make it deep enough for the type of string you are using to fit in to. Cut a piece of string long enough to stretch all around the kite frame. 4) Lay the sail material flat and place the stick frame face down on top. Cut around it, leaving about 2-3cm for a margin. Fold these edges over and glue it down so that the material is tight. 5) Make a tail by tying a small ribbon roughly every 10cm along the length of string. 6) Decorate your kite with the markers!

contoh Procedure Text 2 Prepare your : - hand phone - battery charger Steps : 1. Connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the charger plug

must face upward. 2. Wait until the battery icon appears on the screen. 3. Charge the battery approximately 5 hours or until the battery icon indicates that the battery is fully charged. 4. Remove the charger by pulling out from your hand phone.

NARATIVE
A Narrative text is a text that tells a story. The purpose of this text is to amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or various experience in different ways. Narrative always deal with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.

There are many types of Narrative: Fairy stories, Mysteries, Science fiction, Adventures, Romances, Horror stories, Parables, Fables and moral tales, Myths, Legend, Historical narratives

The text structure of a narrative text: y Orientation Sets the scene, introduces participant It can be a paragraph, a picture or opening chapter in which the narrator tells the audience about who is in the story (the character), when the story is taking place, and where the action is happening. y Complication A crisis arises It triggers the chain of events that influences what will happen in the story. Sequence of events Where the characters react to the complication y Resolution In which the characters finally solve the complication y Coda It provides comment or moral value on what have been learned from the story (optional paragraph). y The language feature: Normally past tense but it may change immediately when dialogues appear (into Present Tense or Future Tense)

Use of material, verbal, mental process, relational process Use of descriptive language ( a big empty house, the room is very large) Use of time connectors (then, finally, first, next, once upon time, etc.) Dialogue (direct sentence may be included) The story may be sad ending or happy ending The use of thinking verbs, feeling verbs, verbs of senses (She felt hungry, she thought she was clever, she smelt something burning) y The use of saying verbs (say, tell, ask)

Example of Narative text: Once upon a time there lived a group of mice under a tree in peace. However, a group of elephants crossing the jungle unknowingly destroyed the homes of all the rats. Many of them were even crushed to death. Then the king of rats decided to approach the elephant king and request him to guide his herd through another route. On hearing the sad story, the elephant king apologized and agreed take another route. And so the lives of the rats were saved. One day elephant-hunters came to the jungle and trapped a group of elephants in huge nets. Then the elephant king suddenly remembered the king of the rats. He summoned one of the elephants of his herd, which had not been trapped, to go asking for king of help from the kings of rats. The elephants went to the rat and told him about the trapped elephants. The king of the rat immediately look his entire group of rats and they cut off the nets which had trapped the elephant s herd. The elephant s herd was totally set free. They danced with joy and thanked the rats.