y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

3G : Third Generation AAA : Asian Athletics Association AAFI : The Amateur Athletics Federation of India AC : Ante Christum (Before Christ), Ashok Chakra, Air Conditioner ADB : Asian Development Bank AFI : Athletics Federation of India AFMC : Armed Forces Medical College AI : Artifical Intelligence, Air India AICTE : All India Council for Technical Education AIFF : All India Football Federation AIIMS : All India Institute of Medical Science AITUC : All India Trade Union Congress ALGOL : Algebric Oriented Language AM : Ante Meridiem, Amplitude Modulation APEC : Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ARPANET : Advanced Research Project Agency Network ASCII : American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASEAN : Association of South East Asian Nations ASLV : Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle AT&T : American Telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd. ATC : Air Traffic Control ATM : Automated Teller Machine AVSM : Ati Vishisht Seva Medal B2B : Busines to Business B2C : Business to Consumer BARC : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation BBS : Bulletin Board Service BC : Before Christ BHEL : Bharat Heavy Electri-cals Ltd BIOS : Basic Input Output System BPL : Below Poverty Line BPO : Business Process Outsourcing BPR : Business Process Re-engineering bps : bytes per second BSE : Bombay Stock Exchange BSF : Border Security Force BSNL : Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited C2C : Consumer to Consumer CA : Chartered Accountant CAD : Computer Aided Design CAT : Common Admission Test CBI : Central Bureau of Investigation CBSE : Central Board of Secondary Education CDAC : Centre for the Development of Advanced Computing CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access CEO : Chief Executive Officer CFSL : Central Forensic Science Laboratory CGI : Common Gateway Interface CIA : Central Intelligence Agency

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CID : Criminal Investigation Department CISC : Complex instruction set computing CITU : Centre of Indian Trade Unions CNN : Cable News Network COMSAT : Communications Satellite Corporation COPRA : Consumer Protection Act CORBA : Common Object Request Broker Architecture CPI : Communist Party of India CPWD : Central Public Works Department CRIS : Centre for Railway Information System CSIR : Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CTBT : Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CYMK : Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Kinda D.Litt. : Doctor of Literature D.Phil. : Doctor of Philosophy D.Sc : Doctor of Science DC : Direct Current DIG : Deputy Inspector General DMA : Direct Memory Access DMK : Dravida Munetra Kazhagam DNA : Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid DTP : Desktop Publishing DVC : Damodar Valley Corporation DVD : Digital Versatile/Video Disc E & OE : Errors and Omissions Excepted EDI : Electronic Data Interchange EIS : Executive Information System E-MAIL : Electronic Mailing EMI : Equated Monthly Instalments ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ENT : Ear, Nose and Throat EOF : end of file EOT : Eastern Daylight Time EPABX : Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange ERNET : Educational and Research Network FAQ : Frequently Asked Question FBI : Federal Bureau of Investigation FBT : Fringe Benefit Tax FBTR : Fast Breeder Test Reactor FBW : Fly-By-Wire FCI : Food Corporation of India; Fertilizer Corporation of India FDI : Foreign Direct Investment FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act FICCI : Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry FIFA : International Football Federation (Federation Internationale de Football Association) FIR : First Information Report FM : Frequency modulation FRCP : Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians FRCS : Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

FRCS : Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society FRS : Fellow of the Royal Society G7 : Group of Seven(US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, japan and Canada) G8 : includes G7 plus Russia GATE : Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering GATS : General Agreement on Trade and Services GDP : Gross Domestic Product GMAT : Graduate Management Admission Test GMT : Greenwich Mean Time GSLV : Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSM : Global System for Mobile Communications GSP : Generalised System Preference GUI : Graphical User Interface HAL : Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMI : Himalayan Mountaineering Institute HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language HUDCO : Housing and Urban Development Corp. HVAC : Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning IAAI : International Airport Authority of India IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency IARI : Indian Agricultural Research Institute IAS : Indian Administrative Service IATA : International Air Transport Association IBM : International Business Machines ICSE : Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ICU : Intensive Care Unit ICWA : Indian Council of World Affairs IDA : International Development Agency IDBI : Industrial Development Bank of India IEEE : Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers IELTS : International English Language Testing System IFC : Industrial Finance Corporation, International Finance Corporation IFS : Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service IGNOU : Indira Gandhi National Open University IIPA : Indian Institute of Public Administration IISCO : Indian Iron and Steel Company IISS : International Institute of Strategic Studies IIT : Indian Institute of Technology ILA : Indian Library Association ILO : International Labour Organisation IMAP : Internet Mail Access Protocol IMF : International Monetary Fund INA : Indian National Army INTUC : Indian National Trade Union Congress IOC : Indian Oil Corporation IP : Internet Protocol IPC : Indian Penal Code IPCL : Indian Petro-Chemicals Corporation Ltd IPI : International Press Institute

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

IPO : Initial Public Offering IPS : Indian Police Service; Inter Press Service IQ : Intelligence Quotient IRC : International Red Cross IRDP : Integrated Rural Development Programme IRS : Indian Revenue Service ISBN : International Standard Book Number ISDN : Integrated Services Digital Network ISI : Indian Standards Institution; Inter Services Intelligence ISKCON : International Society for Krishna Consciousness ISO : International Standards Organisation ISRO : Indian Space Research Organisation IST : Indian Standard Time ITBP : Indo-Tibetan Border Police ITES : Information Technology enabled services ITI : Indian Telephone Industries, Industrial Training Institute ITU : International Telecommunication Union IVF : In-Vitro Fertilisation IVM : In-vitro Maturation JCO : Junior Commissioned Officer JEE : Joint Entrance Examination JPEG : Joint Photographic Expert Group LASER : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LCA : Light Combat Aircraft LCD : Liquid Crystal Display, Least Common Denominator LCM : Lowest Common Multiple LIC : Life Insurance Corporation (of India) LLB : Bachelor of Laws LMC : Large Megallanic Cloud LTTE : Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam MA : Magisiter Artium (Master of Arts) MD : Doctor of Medicine MBA : Master of Business Administration MBBS : Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery MCC : Marylebone Cricket Club MCI : Medical Council of India MICR : Magnetic ink character recognition MIDI : Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIPS : Million Instructions per Second MIT : Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Master Instruction Tape MLA : Member of Legislative Assembly MNC : Multi-National Corporation MODEM : modulator demodulator MP : Member of Parliament; Madhya Pradesh MPEG : Motion Picture Experts Group MRCP : Member of the Royal College of Physicians MTCR : Missile Technology Control Regime MVC : Maha Vir Chakra NAAC : National Assessment and Accreditation Council NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

NAFED : National Agricultural Co-operative Marketing Federation NALCO : National Aluminium Company Ltd. NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASDAQ : National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation NASSCOM : National Association of Software and Service Companies NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NAV : Net Asset Value NCERT : National Council of Educational Research and Training NCSA : National Centre for Supercomputing Applications; National Computer Security Association NDA : National Defence Academy NOC : No Objection Certificate NPA : Non-performing Assets NPT : Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty NRF : National Renewal Fund NSUI : National Students Union of India NTPC : National Thermal Power Corporation OBC : Other Backward Classes OCR : Optical Character Recognition ONGC : Oil and Natural Gas Corporation OOP : Object Oriented Programme OPEC : Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries OSCAR : Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio PAN : Permanent Account Number Ph.D. : Doctor of Philosophy (Philosophiae Doctor) PIL : Public Interest Litigation PIN : Postal Index Number PSLV : Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PWD : Public Works Department R&D : Research and Development RADAR : Radio Detecting and Ranging RAM : Random Access Memory RAW : Research & Analysis Wing RBI : Reserve Bank of India RDX : Research Department Explosive (Cyclotrim-ethylin Trinitrate) RISC : Reduced instruction-set computing RNA : Ribonucleic acid ROM : Read Only Memory RPM : Revolutions Per Minute RTI : Right to Information SAIL : Steel Authority of India Limited SARS : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SCSI : Small Computer Systems Interface SEBI : Securities and Exchange Board of India SENSEX : Sensitivity Index (of Share Price) SEZ : Special Economic Zone SGPC : Siromani Gurudwara Prabandak Committee SIM : Subscriber Information Module SLV : Satellite Launch Vehicle SMS : Short Message Service

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SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol STD : Subscriber Trunk Dialling; Sexually Transmitted Diseases TADA : Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act TCP : Transfer Call Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol TELCO : Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company TFT : Thin-Film Transistor TIFR : Tata Institute of Fundamental Research TISCO : Tata Iron and Steel Company TOEFL : Test of English as a Foreign Language UAV : Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UGC : University Grants Commission ULFA : United Liberation Front of Asom UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi-sation UNI : United News of India UNICEF : United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (now, United Nations Childrens Fund) UNU : United Nations University UPA : United Progressive Alliance UPSC : Union Public Service Commission URL : Uniform Resource Locator VAT : Value Added Tax VCR : Video Cassette Recorder VIP : Very Important Person VIRUS : Vital Information Resources Under Siege VRML : Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRS : Voluntary Retirement Scheme VSSC : Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre WHO : World Health Organisation WMO : World Meteorological Organisation WTO : World Trade Orga-nisation WWF : World Wildlife Fund WWW : World Wide Web WYSIWYG : What you see is what you get XML : Extensible Mark-up Language YMCA : Young Mens Christian Association ZIP : Zone Improvement Plan

Posted in Abbreviations, Computer Abbreviations, Important Abbreviations, Other Abbreviations. Leave a Comment

Computer Abbreviations
July 16, 2011 sdeducare

Computer Abbreviations
y y y

CDAC : Centre for Development of Advanced Parallel Computing C-DOT : Center for Development of Telematrics HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

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ROM : Read Only Memory RAM : Random Access Memory BIOS : Basic Input- Output System MODEM : Modulation Demodulation CAD : Computer Aided Design PSTN : Public Switched Public Data Network PSPDN : Pocket Switched Public RABAN : Remote Area Business Message Network LAN : Local Area Network WAN : Wide Area Network MAN : Metropolitan Area Network CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access GAIS : Gateway Internet Access Service E-Mail : Electronic Mail CD : Compact Disc LDU : Liquid Display Unit CPU : Central Processing Unit CAM : Computer Aided Manufacturing CATScan : Computerized Axial Tomography Scan COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language COMAL : Common Algorithmic Language DOS : Disk Operating System DTS : Desk Top System DTP : Desk Top Publishing E-Commerce : Electronic Commerce ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator FAX : Far Away Xerox FLOPS : Floating Operations Per Second FORTRAN : Formula Translation HLL : High Level Language HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language IBM : International Business Machine IC : Integrated Circuit ISH : International Super Highway LISP : List Processing LLL : Low Level Language MICR : Magnetic Ink Character Recognizer MIPS : Millions of Instructions Per Second MOPS : Millions of Operations Per Second MPU : Micro Processor Unit NICNET : National Information Center Network OMR : Optical Mark Reader PC-DOT : Personal Computer Disk Operation System PROM : Programmable Read Only Memory SNOBOL : String Oriented Symbolic Language UPS : Uninterpretable Power Supply VDU : Visual Display Unit VLSI : Very Large Scale Integrated WWW : World Wide Web WLAN : Wireless Local Area Network

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Wi-fi : Wireless Fidelity TIFF : Tagged Image File Format e-SATA : External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment WiMAX : Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group GIF : Graphics Interchange Format ATX : Advanced Technology Extended UATX : Ultra Advanced Technology Extended FATX : Flex Advanced Technology Extended MATX : Micro Advanced Technology Extended EEATX : Enhanced Extended Adva y DDR SDRAM : Double-Data-Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory y DDR RAM : Double-Data-Rate Random Access Memory y GUI : Graphical User Interfaces y CUI : Command User Interfaces

mportant Abbreviations of all categories

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

AVES : Acute Viral Encephalitic Syndrome BCTT : Bank Cash Transaction Tex BCSBI : Banking Codes and Standard Board Of India CIC : Central Information Commission CSTO : Collective Security Treaty Organisation CNLU : Chanakya National Law University DII : Domestic Institutional Investor DTH : Direct To Home ECGC : Export Credit Guarantee Corporation FDI : Foreign Direct Investment FII : Foreign Institutional Investor GUAM : Georgia, Ukraine, Azebaijan and Moldova GAGAN : GPS Aided Geo-Augmented Navigation IMO : Instant Money Order IBSA : India, Brazil, South Africa MRO : Mars Recconnaissance Orbiter NADT : National Authority On Drugs and Therapeutics NCCE : National Council for Clinnical Establishments NEIA : National Export Insurance Account NMDP : National Maritime Development Programme NREGA : National Rural Employment Guarantee Act NJC : National Judicial Council OCI : Overseas Citizen of India

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

PURA : Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas PHFI : Public Health Foundation of India RLDA : Railway Land Development Authority SCRAMJET : Supersonic Combustion Ramjet SIM : Subscriber Identification Module ITGI : IFFCO Tokio General Insurance IITF : India International Trade Fair IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency HPAI : Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza NCH : National Consumer Influenze SPA : Seven Party Alliance VAT : Value Added Tex QIB : Qualified Institutional Buyer QIP : Qualified Institutional Placement RTA : Railway Territorial Army RTC : Round Table Conference RTG : Radio-isotope Thermo-electric Generator SWIFT : Society for World-wide International Financial Transactions SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats SYL : Sutlej- Yamuna Link (Canal) YWCA : Young Womens Christian Association ZSI : Zoological Survey of India ZUPO : Zimbabwe United Peoples Organisation ESOP : Employee Stock Option PRP : Performance Related Payment ICA : Irrigated Crop Area FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act RFID : Radio Frequency Identification PERDA : Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority RED : Result Framework Document TERM : Telecom Enforcement, Resource and Monitoring OGL : Open General Licence IMB : International Maritime Bureau

A-bomb = Atom bomb A.A = Anti-aircraft ; Automobile association A.A.A = Amateur Athletics Association A.A.F = Auxiliary Air Force A.A.J.W.A = Asian Agricultural jounalists and writers association A.A.P.S.O = Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organization A.B.A.D = Agency of Barani Areas Development A.B.M = Anti-Ballistic Missile A.C.A = Associate of the chartered accountants A.C.D.A = Arms control and disarmament agency A.C.T = Advisory council on technology A.C.T.H = Adreno-Cortico-Trophic Hormone A.D.P = Annual development programme A.E.A = Atomic energy authority A.E.R.E = Atomic energy research establishment A.F = Admiral of the Fleet , Audio Frequency A.F.A.S = Associate of the faculty of Architects and surveyors A.F.L = American federation of Labour A.G.R = Advanced gas-cooled reactor A.H.Q = Army head quarters ; Air headquarters A.I = Amnesty International A.I.B = Associate of the institute for bankers A.I.D = Agency for internation development ( u.s ) A.I.D.S = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( a disease ) A.I.R = All india Radio ; All india reporter ( law ) A.I.R.D = Asian institute of rural development A.L.E.S.C.O = Arab League Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization a.m. = Ante maridiem : before noon ; before mid day a.d = After date ; ante diem : before the day A.D = Anno Domini ; in the year of our lord A.M.C = Army medical corps ; American muslim council A.N.F = Anti Norcotic Force A.N.T.F = Anti-Norcotic Task force A.O.C = American oil company A.P = Associated Press A.P.C.O.M = Agricultural Prices Commission A.R.P = Air Raid Precautions A.S = Anglo-Saxon ; At sight A.S.D.I = Anti-submarine detector Indicator A.S.F = Air port security force A.V = Authorised Version A.W = Atomic Weight A.W.A.C.S = Airborne Warning and control system Abp = Archbishop Ad = Advertisement

Ad.int = Ad interum : in the meanwhile Adjt = Adjutant Adm = Admiral amp = Amphere (s) anc = Ancient atm = Atmosphere av = Average B.A.C = British aircraft corporation B.A.S.A.T.A = British and south asian trade association B.A.S.I.C = Beginner All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (computer) B.B.C = British broadcasting corporation B.C = Before Christ B.D. = Basic Document ; Basic Democrat B.E.L = Bankers Equity limited B.F = Brought forward (accounting) B.H.P = Brake Horse-Power B.H.Us = Basic Health Units B.I.M = Board of industrial management B.L = Bill of Lending B.O.I = Board of investment B.P = Blood Pressure ; Boiling point ; Burning point B.P.S = Basic Pay Scale B.S.A = Business Software Alliance b/o = brought over Bar-at-law = Barrister -at-law bde = brigade brig = brigadier

C = Centigrade C.A.B = Citizen Advice Bureau C.A.D = Computer Aided Design C.A.M = Computer Aided Manufacture C.A.R.I.C.O.M = Caribbean Community and Comon market C.A.S = Chief of Air staff ; Country Assistance Strategy C.A.S.T.A.S.I.A = Conference on the Application of science and technology to the development of Asia C.B = Caught and bowled C.B.F.C = Central Board of Film Censors C.B.U = Complete build-up Unit C.B.W = Chemical and biological warfare C.C.R = Camera Cassette Recorder C.C.T.V = Closed Circuit Television C.C.U = Coronary Care Unit

C.D. = Civil defence C.D.C = Common wealth Development Corporation C.D.P = Community Development Program C.D.R = Call Deposit Receipts C.D.S = Central Depository system C.E.D = Central Excise Duty C.E.R.N = European Organization for Nuclear Research C.F.C = Chloroflouro Carbon C.G.O = Custom general order C.G.S = Centimetre-gram-second (system of measurement in science) C.I.D = Crime investigation Department C.K.D = Completely Knocked Down C.L = Casual Leave C.M = Chief minister ; Comon metre C.N.D = Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament C.N.G = Compressed Natural Gas C.O.C = Carry over charge (stock exchange) C.O.M.S.A.T = Communications Satellite Corporation C.O.M.S.T.E.C.H = OIC standing Committe on Scientific and technology Cooperation C.O.S.P.A.R = Committe on Space Research C.P = Candle Power C.P.C = Civil Procedure Code C.P.S.P = College of physicians and Surgeons of pakistan C.P.U = Central Processing unit C.R.B.C = Chashma Right Bank Canal C.S.I.R = Council of Scientific and Industrial Research C.T.B.T = Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty C.V.D = Chemical Vapour Deposition Cal = Calorei Cd`A = Charge d`Affair Cent = Centum : A hundred Centi = One hundreth part Cf = Confer ; Calf Cm = Centimetre Crystl = Crystalline CT-Scan = Computerised Axial Tomography Scanning Cu = Cubic Cum = Cumulative

E & O.E = Errors and Omissions Excepted E.A.B = Economic Advisory Board E.B = Ehtesab Bureau ; Ehtesab Bench (high court)

E.C.B = European central bank E.C.D.C = Economic Coordination among developing countries E.C.G = Electric Cardio Graph E.C.G.F = Export Credit Guarantee Facility E.C.L = Exit Control List E.C.N.E.C = Executive Committee of the national economic council E.C.N.R = European centre of Nuclear Research E.C.O = Economic Cooperation Organization E.C.O.S.O.C = Economic and Social Council ( UN ) E.C.R = Export Compensatory Rebate E.C.T = Electroconvulsive Therapy E.C.U = European Currency Unit E.E.F.C = Exchange Earner Foreign Currency E.F.A = Education For All E.G.G = Electro-encephalogram E.G.M = Extra ordinary General Meeting e.g = example gratia E.M.F = Electromotive force E.M.G = Electromyograph E.M.S = European monetary system E.N.E.R.C.O.N = Energy Conservation Centre E.N.T = Ear , Nose and Throat E.O.A.B.S = Employees Old Age Benefit Scheme E.O.B.I = Employees Old Age Benefit Institution E.O.I = Expression of Interest E.O.S = Earth Observation Satellite E.O.T = Emergency Operation Theatre E.P.A = Environment Protection Agency E.P.I = Extended Programme of Immunization E.P.N.S = Electro Plated Nickel Silver E.R.M = Exchange rate mechanism E.R.N.E = Electronic Random Number Indicator E.R.N.I.E = Electronic Random Number Indicator Equipment E.S.P = Extra Sensory Perception E.V.R = Electric Video Recording Esq = Esquire

F = Fahrenheit ; Fellow F.A.C = Fuel Adjustment charge ; Food Aid Convention F.A.I = Federation Aeronatique International f.s.s = free along side F.E.R = Foreign exchange REserves

F.F = Fianna Fail F.I.R = First information report F.I.R.S.T = Forum for International Relation,Strategic and Technical Studies F.M = Field Marshall ; Frequency Modulation F.M.C.T = Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty f.o.b = free on board f.o.r = free on rail f.p = freezing point F.S.As = Fuel Supply Agreements F.W.B = First women bank Fl. Sgt = Flight-Sergeant fo = Folio ft = feet ; foot

g = gram(s) G.A = General Assembly (UN) G.C.A = Ground Control Approach G.C.F = Greatest Comon Factor G.D.I = Gross Domestic Income G.D.P = Gross Domestic Product G.E.M.S = Global Environment Monitoring system G.M.T = Greenwich Mean Time G.N.P = Gross National Product G.S.T = General sales Tax G.S.T.P = Global system of trade Preferences G.T road = Grand Trank Road. G.T.S = govt transport Service G-77 = Group of 77 gal = gallon (s) Ge.V = Thousand million electron-volts gr = Grain(s)

H.A.M.A.S = Harkat al-muqawana al-Islamiyaa ( Islamic Resistance Movement) H.B.F.C = Housing building finance corporation H.C = High court H.C.F = Highest Common Factor H.D.I = Human Development Index H.F = High Frequency H.I.E.S = Housing Income and Expenditure Survey H.I.P.C = Heavily Indebted Poor Countries H.I.V = Human Immunodeficiency Virus

H.J = Hilal-i-Jur`at ( an award ) H.O = Head Office H.P = Harmonic Progression H.P.D = Housing and Physical Department H.M = Human Rights H.S.C = Higher Secondary Certificate H.S.P = High Speed Diesel H.T = High Tension H.T.R = High Temperature Reactor (type of nuclear reactors) hecto = One hundred times hons = honours hp = horse power hr (hrs) = Hour (hours)

I.A.E.A = International Atomic Energy Agency I.A.F = Indian Air Force I.A.I.B = International Association of Islamic Banks I.A.R.C = International Agency for Research on Cancer I.A.T.A = International Air Transport Association I.B = Intelligence Bureau I.B.M = International Business Machines I.C.C = International Chamber of Commerce I.C.C.H = International Commodities Clearing House I.C.I = Imperial Chemical Industries I.C.J = International Court Of Justice I.C.P.D = International Conference on Population and Development I.C.S = International College of Surgeons I.C.S.U = International Council of Scientific Unions I.C.T = International Computer and Tabulators I.C.U = Intensive Care Unit I.D.B = Islamic Development Bank I.E.A = International Energy Agency I.N.T.E.L.S.A.C = International Telecommunication Satellite Consortium I.Q.S.Y = International Quet Sun Year I.R = International Relations I.R.B.M = Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile I.R.I = Internet Research Institute I.S.I = Inter Services Intelligence I.T.C = International Trade Centre ICBM = Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile

J = Jet (air craft) J.C.C = Junior Cadet Corps J.A.L = Japan Air Lines J.P = Justice of Peace J.R.C = Journalists Resource Centre

K = Kilo ; thousand K.A.N.U.P.P = Karachi Nuclear Power Plant K.B.E = Knight of British Empire K.G = Kinder Garten (school) K.M.T = Koumintang K.P.T = Karachi Port Trust K.V = Kilovolt Kc = Kilocycle (s) Kg = Kilogram (s) Km = Kilometre (s) Kw = Kilowatt

L = Leaner ; Latin L.A.N = Local Area Network L.A.S.E.R = Light Amplification by radiation L.B = Local bodies L.B.W = Leg before wicket (cricket) l.c = lower case (in printing) L.C = Letter of Credit L.C.D = Liquid-Crystal Display L.C.M = Lowest Common Multiple L.Cpl = Lance Corporal L.D.S = Licentiate in Dental Surgery L.E.D = Light Emitting Diode L.F.O = Legal Framework Order L.G = Letter of Guarantee L.H.V = Lady Health Visitor

L.N.G = Liquefied Natural Gas L.P.G = Liquefied Petroleum Gas l.s.d = Pounds , Shilling , Pence L.T.V = Light Transport Vehicle Lat = Latitude Lb = Libra (pound) ; Librae (Pounds) Log = Logrithm Long = Longitude LSD = Lysergic acid diethylamide Ltd = Limited

m = maiden ; miles ; metres M = Monsieur ; Member ; Mark M. Phil = Master of Philosophy M.A.C = Military Appellate Court M.A.D = Mutually Assured Destruction M.B.B.S = Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery M.B.S = Mutual Broadcasting System (USA) M.C.A = Monopoly Control Athority M.C.Q = Multiple Choice Questions M.D.I = Maximum Demand Incubator M.D.S = Master in Dental Surgery M.G = Machine Gun M.G.O.S = Master-General of Ordnance Supply M.H.D = Magneto Hydro Dynamic M.I.U = Mobile Information Unit M.K.S = Metre,Kilogram,Second M.L = Martial Law M.L.F = Multilateral (nuclear) Force m.m.f = Magneto motive force M.N.A = Member of National Assembly (pakistan) M.O = Money Order ; Mass Observation m.p = melting point M.R.B.M = Medium Range Ballistic Missile M.R.C = Medical Research Council M.R.I = Magnetic Resonance Imaging M.T.B = Motor Toredo Boat M.T.C.R = Missile Technology Control Regime M.W = Million Watts , Mega Watt M/s = Messrs Mc = Million Cycles Mev = Mega electron volt (s) mg = milligram (s) micro = One millionth part

Misc = Miscellaneous mm = Millimetre (s)

n = neuter ; nominative N = north ; Nitrogen N.A.M = Non Aligned Movement N.A.S.A = National Aeronautics and space Administration N.A.S.S.C.O.M = National Association of Software and Services Companies N.A.T.O = North Atlanic Treaty Organization N.B.S = National Bureau of Standards (US) N.C.Bs = Nationalised Commercial Banks N.C.H.R = National Council of Human Rights N.E = North East N.E.A = Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD) N.E.D.C = National Economic Development Council N.E.P.R.A = National Electric Power Regulatory Authority N.E.Q.S = National Environment Quality Standards N.G.O = Non-Governmental Organization (s) N.H.A = National Highway Authority N.I.C = National Identity Card ; National Insurance Corporation N.I.C.V.D = National Institute for Cardio-Vascular Diseases. N.T.N = National Tax No N.I.T = National Investment Trust N.O.C = No Objection Certificate N.T.P = Normal Temperature and Pressure N.W = North West N.W.D = Nationwide Direct Dialing System nano = one-thousand-millionth part

O.A.P.E.C = Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries O.B.E = Order of British Empire (an Award) O.D = Over Draft (banking) O.D.A = Official Development Assistance O.E.C = Overseas Employment Corporation O.E.P = Office of Energy Planning O.F.C = Optical Fiber Cable O.G.L = Open General License O.I.C = Organization of Islamic Conference O.P = Observation Post O.P.A.N.A.L =Agency for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in Latin America

O.P.C.W = Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons o.z = Ounce (s) ob = obit (died)#

P = Penny , Penco P.A.F = Pakistan Air Force P.A.I = Press Asia International P.A.P = Poverty Alleviation Programme P.A.R.C.O = Pak-Arab Refinery Company P.A.S = Pak Academy of Sciences P.B.U .H = Peace Be Upon Him P.C = Per cent ; Personal Computer P.C.C.W = Pacific Century Cyberworks P.C.S = Provincial Civil Service ; Punjab Civil Service P.C.S.I.R = Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrail Research P.E.C.C = Pakistan Energy Conservation Council P.E.O = Pacific Economic Outlook P.E.P.C = Pakistan Environmental Protection Council P.G.M.I = Post Graduate Medical institute P.I.D = Press Information Department P.I.D.C = Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation P.I.N.S.TECH = Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology P.I.O = Principal Information officer p.m = Post meridiem (afternoon) ; post mortem P.T = Physical Training P.T.O = Power take-off P.U.C = Paper Under Consideration pa = Per Annum P.S.O = Pakistan State Oil P.T.C.L = Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited Ph.D = Philosophiate Doctor Phys = Physics

Q.E.D = Quod Erat Demonstrandum Q.M = Quantum Mechanics (Branch of Physics)

Q.M.S = Quartermaster-Sergeant Quot = Quotation R R = Rear-Admiral R.A.F.O = Reserve of Air Force Officers R.A.W = Research and Analysis Wing (Ind) R.C.C = Reinforced Cement Concrete R.C.D = Regional Co-operation for Development R.C.S = Red Cresent Society R.D.C = Resource Development Corporation R.E.B = Regional Electricity Board R.G.A = Radio and General Appliances Factory R.M.R = Raw Material Replenishment r.m.s = round mean square R.N.A = Ribonucleic Acid R.P.M = Revolutions Per Minute R.T.R = Remittance Transfer Receipt R.V = Revised Version Radar = Radio,Angle,Direction And Range (to determine an object) ROM = Read Only Memory

S S = Solidus (shilling) ; Second S.A.A = Small Arms Ammunition S.A.I = Site Association of Inventory S.A.L = Structural Adjustment Loan S.A.L.T = Strategic Arms Limitation Talks S.A.A.R.C = South Asia Association For Regional Cooperation S.A.P = Social Action Programme SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (A viral Disease) S.A.R.I.E = South Asia Regional Institute of Energy S.A.S = Sub Assistant Surgeon S.A.T = Scholastic Assessment Test S.C = Supreme Court ; Security Council (UN) S.C.A.R.P = Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects S.D.M = Sub Divisional Magistrate S.L.A.R = Side-Looking Airborne Radar S.L.B.M = Sea Launched Ballistic Missile S.L.V = Satellite Launch Vehicle S.O.N.A.R = Sound Navigation and Ranging

S.O.S = Save our souls (wireless appeal) S.P = superintendent of Police S.P.S.K = Society for Promoting Scientific Knowledge S.R.B.M = Short Range Ballistic Missile S.R.C = Science Research Council SUPARCO = Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commitee (pak) S.V.P = Saturated Vapour Pressure sergt = Sergeant Sq = Square Surg = Surgeon ; Surgery

T.A.D.A = Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act T.A.S = Tax Amnesty Scheme T.B = Tuberculosis T.B.D = Torpedo Boat Destroyer T.C = Tank Corps T.E.P.A = Traffic Engineering and Town Planning T.M.B = Textile Monitoring Body T.M.D = Theatre Missile Defence T.M.O = Tele Graphic Money Order T.N.T = Trinitrotoluene (High Explosive) tech = Technical ; Technology temp = Temperature

U.A.E = United Arab Emirates U.A.R = United Arab Republic U.C.A.S = Union Central Africa States U.F.O = Unidentified Flying Object U.H.F = Ultra High Frequency U.K = United KingDom U.N = United Nations U.N.A.E.C = United Nations Atomic Energy Commission U.N.C.S.T.D = United nations Conference on Science and Technology Development U.N.D.C.P = United NAtions Drug Control Programme

U.N.D.P = United Nations Development Programme U.N.D.R.O = United nations Disaster Relief Organization U.N.E.F = United Nations Emergency Force U.N.G.A = United Nations General Assembly U.N.I.C = United Nations Information Centre U.S = United States U.S.B = Urdu Science Board U.S.I = United States Of Indonesia U.S.A = United States Of America U.Y.R = United Yemen Republic

V V = Volt (s) V.C = Victoria Cross (an award) V.C.D = Video Compact Disk V.C.P = Video Cassette Player V.C.R = Video Cassette Recorder V.D = Venereal Disease V.D.U = Visual Display Unit V.H .F = Very High Frequency V.S = Veterinary Surgeon ; Vital Statistics V.T.O.L = Vertial Take-Off and Landing (aircraft) V.T.R = Video Tape Recorder Vol = Volume

W W = Watt (s) W.A.F = Women Action Forum W.A.N = Wide Area Network (computer) W.A.P = Wireless Application Protocol W.A.P.D.A = Water And Power Development Authority W.B = World Bank W.B.C = White Blood Cell W.E.U = Western European Union W.M.D = Weapons of Mass Destruction W.W.W = World Wide Web Wt = Weight

X,Y & Z

X.H.T.M.L = Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (com language) X`mas = Christmas Y.A.R = Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) Z.A.N.U = Zimbabwe African National Union Z.C = Zila Council Z.E.T.A = Zero Energy Thermo-nuclear Assembly Z.L.T = Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Z.P.G = Zero Population Growth