Abstract:

The space of isn t an abstract and intellectual structure, but a space of things, drugged by things, and in this space the Architectural objects has to provoke new Resonances (E. N. Rogers, Casabella Continuita, n. 211, 1956) The idea of site and project was the prominent feature of Classical Architecture (Greek- Roman Architecture), the use of place and topography of a site determined the Project, like the Agora is centrally placed or the Temple is on the altitude. The continuity and idea of site and project prevails throughout in European Architecture. The living presence of classical world works can be understood through works of Andrea Palladio in Piacenza. In the era of Avant Garde, Time and space became central in thinking about a project. And at the time of Second World War idea of space and project changed. The problem after the war was the rebuilding existing towns, which were destroyed. The era initiated series of problems in Architecture language like rebuilding of new town in comparison to existing fabric of city, connection between time and space. Here series of intervention and reinterpretation of city and its fabrics were proposed. Alvar Alto proposed an idea of fusion between space modern movement and change, and Aldo Rossi emphasizes the idea of Loci . Loci the term is a relation between a certain specific location and the building that are in it. It is at once singular and universal. Aldo Rossi emphasizes on locus as an idea, which retains the memory of place and the texture of the context and understood the problem of identity of site and history. Viollet-Le-Duc tried to introduce, through his designs, the idea of context as central idea for the project, which created a path for the idea of continuity. Continuity considers itself as a double form of continuity, the one which brings the continuity of tradition and heritage of built form and the other as Modern Movement. During the period of 1950 Enzo Paci, a philosopher, introduced the text by E. Husserl on phenomenology. He describes the idea of permanency which is related to idea of continuity, which was followed by Aldo Rossi , E.N. Rogers etc. E. N. Rogers consider environmental pre-existence and tried to abstract the idea of environment as figurative (Aesthetic), this directly corresponds to the idea of connection between Architectural objects and context, thus creating architecture which provoke new resonances, but had a Problem with definition of continuity with modernity. With the current questioning of the premises of the Modern Movement, there has been a renewed interest in the forms and fabric of pre-industrial cities, which again raises the issue of typology in architecture. From Aldo Rossi s transformations of the formal structure and typical institutions of the eighteenth century city, rapidly multiplying examples suggest the emergence of a new third Typology. Typology as the term relates to the town as well as relates to the culture of the site. Savario Moratory suggests cities as role in architectural design. The Venice school of architecture in Venice, he studied the existing texture of the city and made a deductive design method which suggests that the fabric is done with continuous representation of architecture type and explain the relation between church, squares, system of streets and system of water etc .Savario moratori s element of urban organism (rule of
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aggregation) examines the built up fabric, the urban texture and corresponds between history and design. He explains that from the type and rule of aggregation arrive to define the whole shape of urban fabric. He explains that architecture should be in continuity with ancient urban fabric. He used the study idea to apply in design process. The other research to study the urban fabric is done by Aldo Rossi and examines the relation between urban morphology and building typology (studies on Padova, Paris and Wlen as city capitals). He examines the urban fabric in continuity and discontinuity of contemporary shape of town, the ensemble of spacial relationship. New periphery of town due to growth should be termed as urban phenomenon. The study of Berlin and Paris, as conducted was about defining catalog of public buildings. He emphasizes on autonomy of architecture and analogy of spaces. He describes the idea in La citta Analogia, where the idea of analogy is defined by composing Palladio s buildings on existing fabric. Rossi always prefer work of architects as work of models and trying to put them next to each other to understand the proportions and urban fabric. Along with Aldo Rossi, Gianfranco Caniggia, was also the pupil of EN Rogers and he studied the structure of anthropic space- studies of Como and Florence.

Aldo Rossi La Citta Analogia All of these studies were done on existing built environment and especially city centers and main towns. Vittorio Gregotti described that it is not important just to study the shape of town but also environment and landscape. He describes Muratori studied just ancient town, Aldo Rossi consider ancient towns and peripheries, always consider just shape of town but not landscape. In a meanwhile American Architectural critique and Architect Robert venture also studied Las Vegas for the durability of fabric, studies of Las Vegas reveal the faade as an important advertising content and city is not durable. Types: As I look back to the idea of type and the primitive house built on tree by Lodhe one can understand that man can live in difference between nature and culture. The different type of morphological elements are composed in different part and also of different uses like court (a void inside), Blocks, Roman Insula. Type is a structure, a shape that repeats in different ages and situation. Due to Crisis in idea of type and its role in contemporary architectural design and The contradiction of two ideas, the idea of form and the idea of image leads to the research of A-typical, Mutation of

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Architecture Theory and Practice

contents of formal typology, the relation between the space and structure, the strong idea of monuments by Aldo Rossi, to built monuments for the periphery. According to Aldo Rossi The word type represents not so much the image of a thing to be copied or perfectly imitated as the idea of an element that must itself serve as a rule for the model The model, understood in terms of the practical execution of art, is an object that must be repeated such as it is; type, on the contrary, is an object. According to which one can conceive works that do not resemble one another at all. Everything is precise and given in the model; everything is more or less vague in the type. Thus we see that the imitation of types involves nothing that feelings or spirit cannot recognize . (Quatremre de Quincy, Dictionnarire historique d architecture.) Type is an idea of continuity of form and idea of discontinuity not done in fixed but transformations like the built form derived from the same typology but interpreted in a new type and hybridization use of type and space. Type is related to shape of the plan and work of plan is replaced by work on the object. The type is constant but its character produces several variations like churches etc. the space getting contaminated by time. Type is related to structure of form (Carlo Marti Aris; Le variazioni Dell Irentina) Composition of type is done through combinations of horizontal, pillars, doors, windows etc. the type is basically composed of architectural elements. Composition is varied through variations, Order, measure, and proportion. Measurement here is not an absolute term but between parts and elements which correlates to idea of composition. Like idea of basilica as civic space by Romans. Building types is a result of different way to combine vertical and horizontal volumes. After the French revolution, new idea of space and new public building emerges. In the mid 19th century the idea proposed by Busie is that type is not just related to shape but related to innovation of building and new functions. Every culture has different functional use of the spaces and these types are represented in new types. Like Le-Corbusier idea of breaking the connection between the street and building, to make it possible to increase scale of fabric.

Amsterdam

Barcelona

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Architecture Theory and Practice