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Brief tutorial and pinouts for RS-232, T1/E1 and V.35. Contents DTE (PC) and DCE (Modem) DB9 and DB25 Male and Female Pin Numbering RS232 on DB25 Pinout (RS-232C) RS232 on DB9 Pinout (EIA/TIA - 574) RS232 on RJ45 (RS-232D EIA/TIA-561) RS232 DB25 NULL Modem Pinout RS232 DB9 NULL Modem Pinout RS232 DB9 and DB25 Loopback Pinout RS232 DB9 NULL Modem Pinout using Cat5(e) RS232 DB9 to DB25 Pinout RS232 DB9 to DB25 NULL Modem Pinout EIA/TIA RS-530-A (DB25 using RS-422, 423 and 485) V.35 on a DB25 DBx - Designations for D type sub-miniature connectors T1/E1 Pinout (RJ-48C) RS-232 standards(EIA-232) are defined by EIA/TIA (Electronic Industries Alliance /Telecommunications Industry Association). RS-232 defines both the physical and electrical characteristics of the interface. RS-232 is practically identical to ITU V.24 (signal description and names) and V.28 (electrical). RS232 is an Active LOW voltage driven interface and operates at +12V to -12V where: Signal = 0 (LOW) > +3.0V (SPACE) Signal = 1 (HIGH) < -3.0V (MARK) Notes: 1. Signal voltages in the range >-3.0V to +3.0V are regarded as being in the 'dead area' (indeterminate value) and allow for absorption of noise. For more on the use of signals and other heavy stuff. 2. The power level on RS232 pins is defined by TIA for short circuit protection to be 100mA. Most RS232 drivers will provide lower short circuit protection (especially for laptops). A max of 50mA PER PIN may be available but the data sheet for the specific interface/chip should be consulted before commiting to externally powered designs. 3. We received an email recently pointing out some issues with NULL modem cables. The pinouts shown below will gnerally work. However there are many permutations of signal sets that can be used by either end of a connection and they may not be SYMMETRIC. One end may expect something (a signal) that the other end cannot generate. This typically happens with CTS/RTS (and perhaps DCD) and DTR/DSR. If you suspect this is the case then unfortunately you need to UNDERSTAND the
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interface and may have to SPOOF certain signals. Our signal primerpage may help you. Finally, if you are having serious problems, splash out on a light box or some other device that will show you which signals are being activated. Serial communications equipment may be either a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment - a terminal or PC) or a DCE (Data Communications Equipment - for example, a modem) and have a direction depending on the type. All the diagrams below define the interface from the DTE perspective. The terms Data Carrier Detect (DCD) and Received Line Signal Detect (RLSD) are one and the same. We use DCD throughout 'cos we think it's more common. Like most folks we use the term DB9 which is widely - but erroneously - used to describe a 9-pin serial connector. We got an email pointing out the error of our ways (hint: it is really a DE-9P). So, if you want to amaze your friends over the dinner table you can read more and use the technically correct terms in the future. While we get away with it most of the time (with common or garden PCs), sometimes it is essential to know EXACTLY what connector type you are talking about. And following a recent email we discovered that the thread on RS-232 (DB9 and 25) receptacles is UNC 4-40. RS-232-E is normally defined to be used with a DB25 connector, but does have a 26 pin (a much smaller) alternative . We suggest that if you come across one of these that you do the decent thing - use an expletive. Alternatively, with your luck, you could consider buying a lottery ticket. We have received a number of emails recently asking how to wire DB9's using cat5(e)/cat 6 cable. We guess there is a lot of LAN cable lying around these days so folks naturally want to use it. We have added a null modem only section to cover this wiring. There is absolutely no standard to cover this form of wiring. This section is simply offered as one of many possible ways to do it. We got an email asking about TTY 20ma current loop interfaces. This was an old method used to connect teletype devices and uses current (normally 20ma but sometimes 60ma) to indicate mark and space. A TTY system CANNOT be connected to RS-232 (which is a voltage driven interface) and has no standard. You will need to get the manufacturer's specifications and start reading!
RS-232 signals have a direction (in or out) depending on whether they are with respect to a DTE or a DCE. In all the pinout diagrams below the signal direction is with respect to the DTE (PC) end.
DB25: View looking into female connector DB9 Male and Female
those marked with (ASYNC) below or you can use even fewer (if you understand what is happening). The column marked Dir shows the signal direction with respect to the DTE. Note: This is NOT the same as the DB25 Parallel port on a PC. Pin No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
OUT Transmit Data (a.k.a TxD, Tx) (ASYNC) IN Receive Data (a.k.a RxD, Rx) (ASYNC)
OUT Request To Send (ASYNC) IN IN IN IN IN Clear To Send (ASYNC) Data Set Ready (ASYNC) Signal Ground Carrier Detect (a.k.a DCD). Reserved for data set testing. Reserved for data set testing. Unassigned Secondary Carrier Detect. Only needed if second channel being used. Secondary Clear to send. Only needed if second channel being used.
OUT Secondary Transmit Data. Only needed if second channel being used. OUT Transmit Clock (a.k.a TCLK, TxCLK). Synchronous use only. IN IN Secondary Receive Data. Only needed if second channel being used. Receive Clock (a.k.a. RCLK). Synchronous use only. Local Loopback
OUT Secondary Request to Send. Only needed if second channel being used. OUT Data Terminal Ready. (ASYNC) IN Signal Quality Detector/Remote loopback Ring Indicator. DCE (Modem) raises when incoming call detected used for auto answer applications.
OUT Signal Rate selector. Auxiliary Clock (a.k.a. ACLK). Secondary Channel only. Unassigned
view - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams)
OUT Transmit Data (a.k.a TxD, Tx). Sending data from DTE. OUT Data Terminal Ready. Raised by DTE when powered on. In auto-answer mode raised only when RI arrives from DCE. IN Ground Data Set Ready. Raised by DCE to indicate ready.
OUT Request To Send. Raised by DTE when it wishes to send. Expects CTS from DCE. IN IN Clear To Send. Raised by DCE in response to RTS from DTE. Ring Indicator. Set when incoming ring detected - used for auto-answer application. DTE raised DTR to answer.
DB9 (EIA/TIA 574): View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Data set Ready/ring indicator Data Carrier Detect Data Terminal Ready Signal Ground Receive Data Transmit Data Clear to Send Request to Send
Note: Pin 1 is a multi-function pin sharing DSR (Data Set Ready) and RI (Ring Indicator). This means it is impossible to differentiate between a incoming ring signal and when the modem has finally connected and synched up. With local (null modem connections) or if the modem is run in auto-answer mode this is not normally a problem. If used with a modem and the DTE (the computer end) wants to control the connection the problem is more real. DSR would normally indicate the 'connected and synched-up' state following DTR from the DTE whereas RI simply indicates a ring voltage is present on the line and would normally be the trigger for the DTE to raise DTR if it wants to accept the call. DCD will indicate that a carrier has been received but does not indicate synchronization of both ends. In most cases however CTS (Clear To Send) in response to RTS (Request To Send) will not normally be returned until an end-to-end connection is available (equivalent to the DSR state).
3 2 20 6,8 4 5 7 22
RD TD DTR
2 3 6,8
DB25: View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams) NOTE: 1. Leave all pins not specified above unconnected. 2. We have received email suggesting that the above pinout looks like DTR from one side is driving into DSR/DCD on the other side - not normally a healthy situation. The emails miss the point that since this is a NULL modem connection both ends are DTEs. The two peer DTE's treat DSR/DCD signals as RX (INPUT) only. The INPUT DSR/DCD on one side is created by cross connecting the OUTPUT DTR signal for the other peer.
2 3 4 6,1 7 8
RD TD DTR
3 2 6,1
5 9
SGND RI
5 9
SGND RI
DB9 TIA/EIA 574: View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams) NOTE: 1. We have received email suggesting that the above pinout looks like DTR from one side is driving into DSR/DCD on the other side - not normally a healthy situation. The emails miss the point that since this is a NULL modem connection both ends are DTEs. The two peer DTE's treat DSR/DCD signals as RX (INPUT) only. The INPUT DSR/DCD on one side is created by cross connecting the OUTPUT DTR signal for the other peer.
DB9 Loopback
DB9 Signal Loopback to Signal
2 3 4 7 5
3 2 6,1,9 8 5
(DB9 male and female connector diagrams) NOTE: 1. We show 4 (DTR) being looped to 6 (DSR), 1 (DCD) and 9 (RI). RI (9) is included because we understand that certain test programs use this to ensure a more complete test of the interface signal set.
DB25 Loopack
DB25 Signal Loopback to Signal
3 2 4 5 7 15 20 23
2 3 5 4 7 17 6,8,22 23
(male and female connector diagrams) NOTE: 1. For the sake of simplicity this loopback will only work for the primary channel. Full DB25 interfaces allow a secondary channel. If a complete interface loopback is required you will need to add pins 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 24. 2. By looping the primary channel clocks (15 and 17) both synchronous and asynchronous capabilities can be tested. If only asynchronous tests are being performed omit this, and the pin 23 loopback 3. We show 20 (DTR) being looped to 6 (DSR), 8 (DCD) and 22 (RI). RI (22) is included because we understand that certain test programs use this to ensure a more complete test of the interface signal set.
2 3 4 6,1 7 8 5 9
RD TD DTR
3 2 6,1 4 8 7 5
TD RD
Blue Brown
DSR, DCD Brown-white DTR CTS RTS SGND RI Green Green-white Blue-white Orange Orange-white
Orange-white 9
DB9: View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams) NOTE: 1. We have received email suggesting that the above pinout looks like DTR from one side is driving into DSR/DCD on the other side - not normally a healthy situation. The emails miss the point that since this is a NULL modem connection both ends are DTEs. The two peer DTE's treat DSR/DCD signals as RX (INPUT) only. The INPUT DSR/DCD on one side is created by cross connecting the OUTPUT DTR signal for the other peer.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8 3 2 20 7 6 4 5 22
View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams)
View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams) NOTE: Leave all pins not specified above unconnected.
2 3 4
RD TD DTR
2 3 6,8
TD RD DSR, DCD
6,1 7 8 5 9
DB9: View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams)
View - looking into male connector (male and female connector diagrams) NOTE: Leave all pins not specified above unconnected.
hideously huge connectors such as V.35.(used a whopping 35 pin connector) and RS-449 (used a pretty serious 37 pin connector).
23 24 25
AC DA TM U
NOTES: Leave any pins not specified above unconnected. In balanced mode signals with the same name are the paired set, for example, pins 2 and 14 are both named BA and form the Transmit Data pair. Each signal of the pair is either a high (A+) or low (B-) When used with RS-485 in half-duplex, multi-dropped environments a simple three signal arrangements is frequently used - one pin is used as a GND and RX/TX is alternately switched onto a balanced pair of wires which can be either the BA (TX) or BB (RX) pair.
View - looking into male connector (DB25 male and female connector diagrams)
RJ45 is a of to
NOTES: 1. NC = Not connected. 2. There are a confusing number of pinouts for use with an RJ45/48C connector. Some specs show use of pins 7,8 for Grounds. Always consult any equipment specification if available. 3. The telecom world loves its Tip and Ring designations. Tip is assumed to carry a positive voltage (and would carry the transmission signal), Ring a negative voltage (and would carry the inverted transmission signal)