Experiment No.

1 DESIGNED BY ARSALAN KHALID

EXPERIMENT NO. 01
OBJECTIVE:
To find the reaction rate constant in a batch reactor under isothermal operating conditions.

EQUIPMENT:
A batch reactor may be described as a vessel in which chemicals are placed to react. Batch reactors are normally used in small-scale laboratory set-ups to study the kinetics of chemical reactions. To determine the order and rate constant of a chemical reaction, the variation of a property of the reaction mixture is observed as the reaction progresses. Data collected usually consist of changes in variables such as concentration of a component, total volume of the system or a physical property like electrical conductivity or refractive index.

In order to complete the demonstration we need a number if pieces of equipment, service bench batch reactor chilled water circulation connecting cables

THEORY:
The reaction chosen is the saponification of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide as it can be carried out under safe conditions of temperature and pressure. It is an irreversible second order reaction.

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Experiment No. 1 DESIGNED BY ARSALAN KHALID CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH C2H5OH + CH3COONa

ALGORITHEM:

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Experiment No. 1 DESIGNED BY ARSALAN KHALID

CHEMICALS:
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Experiment No. 1 DESIGNED BY ARSALAN KHALID

REAGENTS Molar Concentration Molecular formula Molecular weight Volume

SODIUM HYDROXIDE 0.06 M NaOH 40 0.5 Litre

ETHYL ACETATE 0.05 M CH3COOC2H5 88 0.5 Litre

REACTION PARAMETERS:
Operating temperature = 30C Interval time = 1 minute

PREPARATION OF SOLUTION:
Calculation for the Mass of Sodium Hydroxide: Molarity (M) = No. of moles of solute / volume (litre) of solution 0.06 = n / 0.5 litre n = 0.03 moles No. of Moles = Mass in grams / Molecular Mass 0.03 = m / 40 Mass = 1.2 grams Calculation for the Volume of Ethyl Acetate: Molarity (M) = No. of moles of solute / volume (litre) of solution 0.05 = n / 0.5 litre n = 0.025 moles No. of Moles = Mass in grams / Molecular Mass 0.025 = m / 88 m = 2.2 grams Density = mass of substance / volume of a substance 0.897 = 2.2 / V V = 2.2 / (0.897*0.95) (for 95% concentration) Volume = 2.581 litre

PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare 0.06 M concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. 4|Page

Experiment No. 1 DESIGNED BY ARSALAN KHALID Prepare 0.05 M concentrated solution of ethyl acetate. Charge the sodium hydroxide solution in the batch reactor. Switch on the reactor agitator and adjust the speed of 7. Switch on the water circulation in order to maintain the reaction temperature at 30 OC. 6. Now charge the ethyl acetate solution in the batch reactor. 7. Conductivity meter is connected to the batch reactor and the readings are taken during the experiment. 8. Experiment is finished once the conductivity reached a steady state. 2. 3. 4. 5.

FORMULA LIST:
where ao = NaOH concentration in mixed feed au = NaOH concentration in feed vessel Fa = flow rate of NaOH Similarly b represents ethyl acetate.

ao = Fa* au/(Fa+Fb) and bo = Fb*bu/(Fa+Fb)

(^co = 0 assuming no product formation at the beginning) Where a1 = NaOH concentration in reactor at time t a = NaOH concentration when fully reacted with all available acetate ^o = Conductivity of solution in mixed feed ^1 = Conductivity of solution at time t ^ = Conductivity of solution when NaOH when fully reacted with all available acetate T = Temperature (T 294)

a1 = (a-ao)*((^o-^1)/(^o-^))+ao ^a = 0.195*(1+0.0184(T-294))a ^c = 0.195*(1+0.0184(T-294))c ^ = ^ c + ^a ^o= ^ co + ^ao

Where X = Conversion

X = ao a 1 / ao X / (1-X) = ao a1 /a1

OBSERVATION: S. NO Sampling Conducti Concentra X / (1-X)

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Experiment No. 1 DESIGNED BY ARSALAN KHALID

Time (sec)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740

vity ^ (ms)

tion a1 (M)

CALCULATION:

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Experiment No. 1 DESIGNED BY ARSALAN KHALID

RESULT:
The reaction rate constant for batch reactor operated isothermally is found to be_____________.

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