Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT 1. Formulate objectives 2. Strengthen organization 3. Gather materials 4. Get external help 5. Choose methods PRINCIPLES OF ENGAGEMENT 6. Attack control 7. Mute violence 8. Alienate support 9. Maintain nonviolence PRINCIPLES OF CONCEPTION 10. Assess at all levels 11. Offense/defense 12. Maintain continuity
PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
Roles
make decisions, serve as rallying figure should be layered (so loss does not cripple org.) communicates decisions, events to general population instructs, boosts morale, supports general population, troubleshoots dissenters (opportunists, free-riders, collaborators, enthusiasts who go too far, peacemakers who cave too soon) gathers intelligence have ability to do the more dangerous work participate in mass actions use strengths of preexisting networks and associations
leadership
operational corps
civilian population
Material Type
Examples
essentials needed for survival and food, clothing, medical, funds for victims, to maintain morale out-of work people materials needed for nonviolent actions communications supplies, transportation
What 3rd parties can do for a movement enhance legitimacy of objectives add to organizational strength add to direct material aid add to sanctions against opposition cause damage to opponent within or outside conflict's vital interests simply not interfere with conflict
II PRINCIPLES OF ENGAGEMENT
Steps
Examples told to continue life as normal laws passed to cease and desist from certain activities populace being asked to collaborate with oppressor military force/violence used as deterrent elicit popular noncooperation with oppressor active recruitment of defectors (esp. govt., military) dispersing activities (oppressor can't be everywhere at once)
2. Determine which methods can be carried out to undermine specific controls, and the potential cost/benefit of such actions
Methods of alienation
Determine sources of support (i.e. internal - govt. agents, general populace; external - third party allies) and encourage defection Use violence perpetrated by oppressor to alienate support Raise the cost of helping the opponent (ie. economic sanctions)
Reasons to abstain use of violence undermines efforts for gaining popular support (and thus, power)
to bring about "speedy" end to oppressive regime usually better equipped for conflict violent conflict taking out the main oppressor power vacuum left by removed oppressor easily filled with something worse
opponent has no more outside violent overthrow requires violence to protect support new government from members of old regime
PRINCIPLES OF CONCEPTION
STEP 10: ASSESS EVENTS AND OPTIONS AT ALL LEVELS OF STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING
Definition: Planning needs to occur at all levels of organization before the conflict, and the plan should be consulted throughout the conflict for tweaking (or in response to reaction from the opposition).
Level
Questions for evaluating effectiveness What are we fighting for? Are we fighting at all? How do we know we won? (or lost?) What are acceptable terms for settlement? What losses are we willing to bear to achieve our goals? What specific sanctions will be used? How well are we (and the populace) prepared to carry them out? What tasks will be important for strategy, tactics, and logistics, and who is responsible for them? What are the precise steps for reaching the objectives? By what mechanisms will the opposition be defeated, and the regime replaced? How will the group arrange its assets (both material and human) during the actual campaign against the opponent? How will each individual encounter be carried out, and what contingencies will be made based on results? What physically needs to happen to conduct each activity?
Policy
Operational planning
STEP 11: ADJUST OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS ACCORDING TO THE OPPONENT'S VULNERABILITIES
Definition: A balance of offensive and defensive actions are needed for a successful campaign. Offensive Purpose Activities designed to attack the opponents center of gravity with the purpose of diminishing their power Defensive Activities that protect group's ability to stay in the fight
Risks
Too much defensive allows Too much offensive drains resources, oppressor time to gather strength, makes group vulnerable to counterattack entrench position
Examples
strikes waged to cripple economy increasing numbers of dissenters attacks on weaknesses of the regime adding third parties
Description Oppressors change their minds. Oppressors decide settlement is better than continued exchange of actions . Oppressors are forced into changing (no longer have a choice). Oppressors go away (severe form of coercion).