Primary Sources

Peoria Invitation. Digital image. Library of Congress. Web. <http://memory.loc.gov/service/rbc/lprbscsm/scsm0361/001r.jpg>. This is an invitation for Lincoln to come to Peoria, Illinois to reply to Stephen Douglas in a heated debate. In Peoria he gives his Peoria Speech. This speech criticizes the institution of slavery and Lincoln also states that slaves will be brought into the new territories even though there is a different climate and geography. Lincoln Memorial. Digital image. Web. <http://www.visitingdc.com/memorial/lincoln-memorial-picture.htm>. A photograph of the Lincoln memorial was used as the top image on our website. Our point in choosing this image was for the viewer to compare it to the background image and realize that Lincoln was born to a small cabin and now is remembered as one of the greatest presidents of the history of our nation. Lincoln has several memorial's dedicated to him but we felt this was the best choices for our header image. Abraham Lincoln Portrait. Digital image. Library of Congress Home. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b10583/>. This is the first photograph of Lincoln that shows his beard. Emancipation Proclamation. Digital image. Library of Congress. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/lprbscsm.scsm0231>. This is a photograph of the handwritten Emancipation Proclamation. Although we were unable to interpret the text from the picture we deemed it as an excellent representation on the Emancipation Proclamation page. To interpret the text we used a transcription.

"Featured Document: The Emancipation Proclamation." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/trans cript.html>. This website gave us a transcription of the Emancipation Proclamation. Using the actual text of the document we could quote it and analyze the usage of words which highlighted Lincolns speaking ability and we could also analyze the power behind his decision. This transcription was a vital source for our Emancipation Proclamation page. The Seattle Republican. (Seattle, Wash.) 1???-19??, January 04, 1907, Page 4, Image 4 Chronicling America (The Library of Congress). Digital image. Historic American Newspapers Chronicling America (The Library of Congress). Web. 14 Jan. 2012. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84025811/1907-01-04/ed-1/seq-4/>. This is an article from The Seattle Republican. It's a historical document that shows African-Americans were very jubilant with Abraham Lincoln after emancipating the slaves. Abraham Lincoln's Birthplace Cabin. Digital image. Http://www.nps.gov/abli/planyourvisit/boyhood-home.htm. Web. We filtered the lighting on the image of Abraham Lincoln's cabin to make a suitable background image for our website. The cabin in the photograph is Lincolns birth cabin and where he spent much of his childhood. The cabin is located in Hodgenville, Kentucky and is a symbolic historical structure.

[Mississippi River Valley, Winona]. Digital image. Library of Congress Home. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/det.4a29037/>. This is a photo of the Mississippi River. Lincoln traveled the river when delivering farm produce during the years 1828 and 1831. Lincoln had his first real encounters with slavery while on these raft trips. On the second raft trip Lincoln sold the raft as fire wood and walked back to Illinois. It was inevitable for him to run into slaves. This trip greatly enhanced his antislavery views. "Featured Document: The Emancipation Proclamation." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/trans cript.html>. This website gave us a transcription of the Emancipation Proclamation. We were able to directly quote the Emancipation Proclamation page and make use of the transcription on Emancipation Proclamation page. The Emancipation Proclamation was one of Lincolns most powerful actions. Dred Scott. Digital image. Library of Congress Home. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a08411/>. This is a print engraving portrait of Dred Scott. We used it on our Dred Scott Decision page.

TeachingAmericanHistory.org -- Free Seminars and Summer Institutes for Social Studies Teachers. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=425>. This is a transcript of the "Proclamation Suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus." Lincoln wanted to suspend Habeas Corpus so he could imprison "rebel insurgents." Suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus was a very strategic move by Lincoln. It allowed him to weaken the Confederate army by imprisoning leaders who were fueling the revolt. "The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln." NetINS Showcase. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm>. This website has the transcript of the beginning of the Gettysburg Address. We used this website to get quotes from the speech and to further understand the meaning behind this famous speech. Kansas Nebraska Map. Digital image. Web. <http://memory.loc.gov>. This is a map of the Kansas-Nebraska area. It shows the area affected by the KansasNebraska Act. On an old version of our website we had a Kansas - Nebraska Act page. Lincoln did not want slaves spread into the new territories of the United States. Lincoln and Stephen Douglas also debated about the Act. In our interview with Professor Stabler there were a lot of references to the act. The map made it clear which area of the United States our sources were referring to.

Secondary Sources Lupton, John A. "Narrative Overview of the Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln." The Papers of Abraham Lincoln. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://www.papersofabrahamlincoln.org/narrative_overview.htm>. This website gave us useful information for our timeline. It gave us dates and the steps in Lincoln's law career. Lincoln was a very successful lawyer. Lincoln practices law for 25 years. He eventually received the nickname honest Abe. Obtaining his law degree gave him a very good understanding of the world politically. "Abraham Lincoln's Life - The Great American Story." The Official Website of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://www.alplm.org/timeline/timeline.html>. This website was a great resource. It had key points in Lincoln's life all organized in a timeline. It was extremely resourceful in giving us an array of information pertaining to Lincolns life. A lot of key information for our timeline is based off of this timeline.

Freedman, Russell. Lincoln: A Photo biography Illustrated with Photographs and Prints. New York: Clarion Bks, 1989. Print. This book gives an excellent overview of Abraham Lincoln's life hitting key points.

"Timeline of Abraham Lincoln's Political Career." NetINS Showcase. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/education/polbrief.htm>. This is a website that has useful dates on significant events in Abraham Lincoln's political career. We found these to be useful in our timeline.

Digital History. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=336>. This website was a good source of information on the Lincoln - Douglas Debates.

Foner, Eric. The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2010. Print. Eric Foner gives a stunning overview of the life of Abraham Lincoln and hits key points in his stances on slavery. Foner also writes about Lincolns views on slavery and how his views affected his actions. There are references to the raft trips down the Mississippi which ultimately shaped his views on slavery.

Lincoln, Abraham. Quotations of Abraham Lincoln. Bedford, MA: Applewood, 2003. Print. We went through this book and found many powerful quotes from Abraham Lincoln. We used the quotes throughout the website within the context to make a very powerful statement. Lincoln was a powerful orator and would blow the crowd away. We chose some of our favorite quotes that we felt would enhance the understanding of the page they were added to.

The Lincoln Douglas Debates of 1858 Images. Digital image. Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/fimage/lincolndouglas/image.php?id=39>. This is a drawing obtained from the Chicago Historical Society. It shows the rivalry between Lincoln and Douglas. Lincoln greatly despised Judge Douglas. Douglas was the more widely known politician and Lincoln challenged him to a series of debates to get his name out there. Before the debates Lincoln wasnt known outside of his law career. The debates were widely publicized and impacted the nations view on Lincoln. Monroe, R.d. "Lincoln/Net: Debating Douglas on the National Stage, 1857-1858." Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/biography7.html>. This website was very helpful in giving information on the Lincoln - Douglas Debates. It elaborated more on what the purpose of the debates were giving us a deeper understanding of the rivalry. The rivalry was so deep that Lincoln would not allow the name Douglas be spoken in his office.

"Lincoln Home National Historic Site - Peoria Speech, October 16, 1854 (U.S. National Park Service)." U.S. National Park Service - Experience Your America. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/peoriaspeech.htm>. This website was very helpful. It gave a summary of the Peoria Speech and also included a transcript of the speech. We used this information in our Peoria Speech page.

"Order of Secession During the American Civil War - Seceding States." American History From About. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/secession_order.htm>. We used this website to obtain the dates that Confederate states seceded. South Carolina seceded before Lincoln was inaugurated. It was not Lincolns goal to abolish slavery but the Confederates did not believe him. Lincolns inauguration caused a great upset in the Southern states. Civil War. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.civilwar.com/>. This is a website that is dedicated to the Civil War. It has abundant information about the Civil War including timelines and causes. This helped us with our Civil War page. The Civil War was the biggest obstacle during Lincolns presidency. "President Lincoln Delivered the Gettysburg Address." America's Story from America's Library. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/civil/jb_civil_gettysbg_3.html>. This website summarizes why the Gettysburg Address was given. The Gettysburg Address was given to commemorate the fallen soldiers from the Civil War.

Franklin, John Hope. The Emancipation Proclamation. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963. Print. This book was very informative on the Emancipation Proclamation. It gave many views on the proclamation and went into detail on the reasons why the Emancipation Proclamation was written.

Black Hawk War. Digital image. Web. 3 Feb. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Bad_Axe.jpg>. We used this image on our timeline. Lincoln was a captain in the Black Hawk War. He assembled his neighbors and became captain of his first company. Lincoln was never in combat and had no prior experience in the military. He was still a very competent leader with no prior experience. Lincoln Drawing - State Legislature. Digital image. Web. 3 Feb. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abe_Lincoln_young.jpg>. This image was used in our timeline to show Lincoln during his term of State Legislature. Lincoln Drawing - Attorney. Digital image. Web. 3 Feb. 2012. <http://www.barefootsworld.net/images/lincoln1pic.jpg>. This is a photograph of Lincoln at a young age. This photograph was taken while Lincolns occupation was an attorney. Photograph of the Capitol Building. Digital image. Web. 3 Feb. 2012. <http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/upload/capitol_loc_large.jpg>. Photograph of Capitol building before renovations. This is the building that Lincoln worked in while in office as a representative. First known photo of Lincoln. Digital image. Web. 3. Feb. 2012 <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/unnXkz_Ezbs/Trkq9dW4Y6I/AAAAAAAAA38/RWSRJePlqEw/s320/lincolnfirstknownphoto1846.jpg>. This is the first known photograph of Lincoln.

Debate between Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin. Digital image. Web. 3 Feb. 2012. <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/11/22/opinion/22widmer/22widmer-blog427.jpg>. We chose this image on our timeline to show the time Lincoln joined the Republican Party. Hannibal Hamlin was Lincolns first Vice President. Like Lincoln, Hamlin was also a very powerful orator and had anti-slavery views. During Lincolns second term he was succeeded by Andrew Johnson. Debate between Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin. Digital image. Web. 3 Feb. 2012. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stephen_Arnold_Douglas.jpg/380pxStephen_Arnold_Douglas.jpg>. This image is used in our timeline to show Lincoln's greatest opponent in politics. Hannibal Hamlin was Lincolns vice president during Lincolns first term. Hamlin like Lincoln was a strong orator and opposed slavery. We concluded that Hamlin was an excellent match for Lincoln.

"Abraham Lincoln." The White House. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/abrahamlincoln>. The White House website gave us our image of Lincoln for the introduction page. The bibliography of Lincoln they included was helpful on giving us new leads. There are mentions to Lincolns view that secession was illegal. Lincoln being master of law would like to mend the Union and stop this unconstitutional activity.

"Lincoln Douglas Debates of 1858." Web. <http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/debates.htm>. This website gave a lot of information about the Lincoln Douglas Debates and included full transcripts of the debates. The website included locations and dates. This was very helpful in building the Lincoln Douglas pages. This source also supplied a majority of our quotes. Our group analyzed the writings and took notes on his orating abilities and what we deemed as interesting. Crocker, Lionel George. An Analysis of Lincoln and Douglas as Public Speakers and Debaters,. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1968. Print. This book gives a critical analysis of Lincoln and the debates. We learned a lot about Lincoln's motives as a child to become a great speaker and it also includes transcriptions of the Lincoln Douglas Debates. Abraham Lincoln received little formal education and became the most powerful president of the United States. We also learned that Abraham Lincoln really despised Judge Douglas. The hatred ran so deep that Lincoln would not allow anyone to say the name Douglas in his office

"Lincoln's Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus: An Historical And Constitutional Analysis." Lincoln's Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus: An Historical and Constitutional Analysis. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0029.205?rgn=main;view=fulltext>. This website gives us a constitutional analysis of Lincoln using his powers to suspend the Writ of Habeas Corpus. Lincoln suspending Habeas Corpus was a bold thing to do. He violated his constitutional power and definitely overstepped his boundary. This source strengthens our point that Lincoln was the most powerful executor.

Klingaman, William K. Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861-1865. New York: Viking, 2001. Print. We used this book to research the beginning and end of the Civil war. The information included Lincoln's inauguration, Fort Sumter, and the Emancipation Proclamation. While analyzing this source we concluded that Lincoln had a very troublesome time making the decision for emancipation. There were an extraordinary amount of factors before he had made up his mind. "Miller Center." American President: Abraham Lincoln: Impact and Legacy. Web. 26 Feb. 2012. <http://millercenter.org/president/lincoln/essays/biography/9>. This website gave us a quote on ranking the presidents. Lincoln was at the top. It also gives references to actions in Lincoln's life. Lincolns actions are compared to succeeding and proceeding presidents. This website helped us prove our point that Lincoln was the most powerful executor of our nation.

Neely, Mark E. Jr. 1982. The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, Inc. This Encyclopedia had summaries of the Lincoln Douglas Debates. There were many references to events in his life that led up to the debates. The encyclopedia allowed us to analyze him from the perspective of his experiences.

Lincoln Douglas Debate Galesburg. C-Span. Http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/59824-1. Web. C-Span aired a full reenactment of the Lincoln Douglas debates. We used the clips to portray how Lincoln would orate. The videos greatly enhanced the overall understanding of the emotion that would go into the debates.

"Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project." Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project. Web. 31 Mar. 2012. <http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/>. This website supplied an array of sources. It is a digital collection of images and information on many aspects of Lincoln's life. We mainly used it for more information on the timeline and how events in Lincoln's life shaped his views on slavery.

America The Story of Us. History.com. A&E Television Networks. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/abraham-lincoln> This History Channel video has a series of speakers whom speak about Lincoln's actions as president. We were able to edit the video and incorporate some of the speakers on our website. Miniadler. "The Gettysburg Address - Abraham Lincoln 1863." YouTube. YouTube, 16 Feb. 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4Bojjx_Dew>. This is a video with a speaker reenacting the Gettysburg Address. We would have liked to add the full video to our website but the National History Day rules do not allow it. We felt that the speech is so powerful that it must be heard in its entirety. To get around the restrictions on the transcription we put the entire speech.

Aerial View of Lincoln Memorial. Digital image. Wikimedia. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Lincoln_Memorial_overhead.jpg>. This is an aerial view of the Lincoln Memorial. We used it on our Memorial page to emphasize how large the structure is.

Flickr. Yahoo! Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/4621735774/sizes/l/in/photostream/>. This is a very creative photograph of the interior of the Lincoln Memorial. We felt that the photograph had a very nice look to it and would look good on our memorial page.

Lincoln Memorial Roof. Digital image. Web. <http://www.inetours.com/DC/images/LMem/States_2403.jpg>. This is a photograph of the very top of the Lincoln Memorial. We used this photograph because the states names are a very symbolic part of this structure.

Lincoln Statue Profile View. Digital image. Wikimedia. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_E_Lee_Memorial.JPG>. This is a profile view of the statue of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial. If you look closely you can see General Robert E. Lee in the profile.

Lincoln Statue at Night. Digital image. Web. <http://www.ripplesofbelief.com/wpcontent/uploads/2009/12/Lincoln.jpg>. This is a very visually appealing photograph of the Lincoln statue at night. We used it on our Memorial page.

Lincoln Memorial Pillars. Digital image. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Lincoln_memorial_columns.jpg>

This is a photograph that emphasizes the detail of the pillars of the Lincoln Memorial. There are a total of 36 pillars. Each pillar represented the number of states in the Union during the time of Lincoln's death. This is very symbolic.

Lincoln Statue Quote. Digital image. Web. <http://bayimages.net/images/30k/epitaph-abrahamlincoln-29057.jpg>. This photograph allowed us to show the quote above Lincoln's statue in the Lincoln Memorial. The photo also allows us to show the grand size of the statue. The statue was originally designed to be 10 feet but the sculptor did not want the statue to be dwarfed by the grand size of the chamber. The statue was enlarged to 19 feet. The Union. Columbia Masterworks. Online Audio Clip. We used a portion of this masterwork as an audio clip on our introduction page.