Ume University

Physics Department
Staffan Grundberg

11/12/2003

Answers to problems in Schroeder: An introduction to thermal physics

1.12:
1.14:
1.15:
1.16:

1.17:

1.18:
1.19:
1.20:
1.22:
1.23:
1.24:
1.28:
1.32:
1.36:
1.37:
1.40:
1.41:
1.42:
1.43:

41 nm3
29.0 g
1600 kg
a) dp / dz = g d) See table below
Mountain
Height (m)
Ogden
1430
Leadville
3090
Mt. Whitney 4420
Mt. Everest
8850
a) See table below
T (K)
100
200
300
400
500
600

B (cm3 /mol)
-160
-35
-4.2
9.0
16.9
21.3

Pressure (atm)
0.85
0.70
0.60
0.36

Bp/(RT)
1.9 10 2
2.1 10 3
1.7 10 4
2.7 10 4
4 .1 10 4
4.3 10 4

c) B(T ) = b a /( RT ), C (T ) = b 2
d) a = 0.18 Jm 3 /(mol), b = 6 10 5 m 3 /mol
517 m/s
The average speed of a hydrogen molecule is greater than the average speed of a
oxygen molecule by a factor of 4.
U238: 145.8 m/s, U235: 146.4 m/s
d) 6.7 s e) 5 10 9 m 2
He: 150 J, air: 250 J
36 J
110 s
100 J
a) 0.25 liter b) 188 J c) 520 K
1000 K
b) 9.8 K/km
a) 4186 J b) 4186 J c) 55 J/K d) 0.55 J/g/K
93.3 C
18 degrees of freedom per molecule

1.47:
1.48:
1.49:
1.50:
1.60
1.61

46 g
14 weeks
Of the total of 286 kJ of heat produced, about 4 kJ comes from the work done by
the atmosphere.
a) 74.81 kJ c) 802.34 kJ d) 802 kJ e) 885.40 kJ f) 1600 years
approximately two and a half minutes
0.05 W/m2 ; total rate of heat conduction: 2.6 1013 W

1.63
1.64

0.15 Pa
0.4 W/(m K)

2.4
2.6
2.8

1.54 10 6
5.91 1016
a) 21 b) 6.9 1010 c) 1.45 10 4 d) 0.124

2.16
2.17

a) 0.025 b) P( 600) = 4.6 10 11

( eN / q) q

2.19

( eN / N ) N

2.23

a) = 2 N

2.24

a) max = 2 N

2
N

2.33

2
2 2 x2 / N
b) = 2 N
e
c) 2 N
N
N
1 AN N
( N , U , A) =
(2 mU ) N
2N
N! h
N!
S=156k
Most likely microstate: S/k=264.4. Least likely microstate: S/k=187.5. Long
timescales: S/k=267.0
A 2mU
S / k = N ln
+ 2
2
N Nh
155 J/K

2.35

0.01K

2.39

573 J/K

2.42

S = 1.5 10 54 J/K

3.10
3.11

a) S = 36.6 J/K b) 11.0 J/K c) 44.1 J/K d) 3.5 J/K

S total = 750 J/K

3.12

S net = 6 10 4 J/K

3.13
3.16
3.20

a) 3 10 7 J/K b) 10 4 J/K
a) 8.2 10 14 J/K b) 2.5 10 11 J
U / NB = 0.558, M / N = 0.558, S / S max = 0.76

2.26
2.28
2.29
2.32

3.21
3.28

20 m
0.81 J/K

3.29

3.30

7.59 J/K

3.31

12.33 J/K

3.32

a) 2 J c) 2 J d) 3 mJ/K

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

a) 12 % b) 83 %
a) 62.1 % b) $30,000,000
a) 1.5 GW b) 3.6 C c) 600 kg/s
a) 0.061 b) 8.6 10 5 kg

4.9
4.10
4.11

COP = 19.5 %
COP = 5.9
COP = 0.01

4.22
4.23
4.24

0.33
0.477
a) 0.46 b) 0.45 c) 0.49

4.26

617 kg

4.29

53 % of the fluid remains a liquid

4.31

COP=3.6

4.32

COP=5.7