Islami Ijtimaiyat Me Khandan Ka Kirdar Maqala PHD

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TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

It is certified that Mr. Hafiz Hussain Azhar s/o Hafiz Abdul
Rahman Madani is a Ph.D. student in Department of Islamic
Learning and has completed his Thesis titled:
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under my supervision for the award of Ph.D. Degree. Mr. Hafiz
Hussain Azhar is eligible for submission of Thesis under the
Rules & Regulation of the Department as well as of the
University regarding Ph.D. The material used by him is original
and he has shown creativeness in his work. The Thesis
represents five years work done by the candidate.
Supervisor
Dr. Nasir A. Akhter
Department of Islamic Learning
Karachi University, Karachi

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DECLARATION CERTIFICATE
This thesis which is being submitted for the degree of Ph.D. in
K a r a c h i U n i v e r s i t y , K a r a c h i does not contain material which has
been submitted for the award of Ph.D. degree in any University and, to
the best of my knowledge and belief, neither does this thesis contain
any material published or written previously by another person, except
when due reference is made to the source in the test of the thesis.
(Hafiz Hussain Azhar)

(ISD/ISL/KU-10706/2004)
Department of Islamic Learning

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Encyclopedia of Religion & Ethics 8:463 to 471
( 1)
^tg/ :*
446B6 : o]
( 2)
446B6:o]
(3)
61B5:p^f] xnv | p^f] ni
( 4)
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(5)
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(7)
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( 9)
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( 11)
1406: $ xne ^ne j] |^ hê (|^] h^j ( xnv ( 12)

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3:^] ( 14)
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L L)*
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23: ^] ( 16)
264B2: u] ga] ( 17 )
(n^] ^] ] r f_ pf] ] V nv] e ue e(onf] ( 18)
126B7: a MOPP (`]
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( 1 9)
5:^]
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1896:|^] hê (|^] h^jq^

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e] 1089:|^] o ^q ^ hê "

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465B2 V^m] g ( 25)
522B 1:] r] ( 26)
128B6:m] n ( 27 )
5367 : o ^`q ] hê (l^] h^j (pê xnv ( 28)
1279 :f]
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3403: q n kî (|^] h^fvj] hê (|^] h^j( xnv ( 30)

122B1:o^f] nvje xne^]
( 31)
i] oim o o k] p h hê (|^] h^j ( xnv ( 32)

1403:^`]n jm^q
323:f] ( 33 )
i] oim o o k ] p h hê (|^] h^jV xnv ( 34 )
1403:^`]n jm^q
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41B2:o^] h^j ( 37 )
2:^] ( 38)
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133B2:^f] ] ru ( 40)
33:h]u]
( 41)
34 V^] ( 42)
162B 5Vof ni ( 43 )
670:^`q kne ] o hê (^] h^j (pj] ( 44 )
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113B7 : MPMQ n^%] f_]

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21: ] ( 46)
12644: lne(o] gj] (fu e u] Vfu e u ( 47 )
31:] ( 48)
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# of] ru hê (sv] h^j ( xnv ( ZB49)
2263:^j] o nj] hê(_] h^j(] oe] ( 50)
2149:^`q o ] u o hê (|^] h^j(] oe] ( 51)
24:k ( 52)
54:fv ] r] m ^ne hê (^m] h^j ( xnv ( 53 )
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o ]V ] f e v ] f oe( pe^n] ^v] 78B7Vpf] ] ( 55)
MPLP(o] f_]( lne(^] (n pâ e neVnvi(xnv]
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154B4:q^ e] o p] nû ( 57)
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r ( ^] u] f q (p^j] r V nv] f e u] ( nni e] (59)

264B2: MUUQ ! a MPMR ( m( ` ]
130:] o ^nv] hê (] h^j ( xnv ( 60)

2:a] ( 61)
314:nv] ^j] hê (^`_] h^j(] oe] ( 62)
gj] ](p^f] xnv | p^f] xjVo e u](o] ru e] ( 63 )
238B11: M U T M(a(n]
hê (|^] h^j z 0Z 1102:oe |^ ^q ^ hê (|^] h^j (pj] ( 64 )

1879:oe |^
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222B3: a^(^v] ]( o^m â ] fVxnvi( o_ ] V e o(o_ ]] (66)

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8313:P4841:f_] o hê (h] h^j (] e] ( 67)

(] ]( n] ^q |m] nV m] tî e ] f v( p^] ( 68)
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6B10:MUSO(lne(nr] ](^] nVo e v (o^] ( 70)
70D71:h]u]DOE1:^]DNE102:] DME ( 71)
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187B3:MUOT a MOQS(o] f_] ^]
348B 9:o] ( 8)
23B22:Y 1976 lne( oe] ']%] ^nu] ](o]] ni( o_ u] ( o]]
( 9)
22:f] ( 10)
317B 1:q^ e]
( 11)
22:f] ( 12)
23:] ( 13 )
90B3:qj pê xnv ( 14 )
165B2: y k ]`( n] gj] ] (nf] nj]( m] ( p]] ( 15)
7 3X72B3:] û ^r] ( 16)
421B9: ( `] f (n^%] f_] (ov]Vn e u] e o (u e] ( 17 )
351B2:Y 1970 lne( ] ](^] ni( v( ^ n ( 18)
32:] ( 19)
oe |^ ^ hê (|^] h^j(pê xnv ( 20)
239B12:] û] ^r] ( 21)
232:f] ( 22)

t :z b
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oe |^ ^ hê (|^] h^j(pê xnv ( 23 )

11B5: ( (mj] ] ^f] ](] h^j V m] e v (o^] ( 24 )
323B 1: n% e] ni ( 25)
501B2:] p mi o ^nf] ^q ( 26)
221B7 :] û] ^r] ( 27 )
oe |^ ^ hê (|^] h^j (pê xnv ( 28)
5127 :oe |^ ^ hê (|^] h^j(p^f] xnv ( 29)
(|^] h^j (q^ e] 1102: oe |^ ^q^ hê (|^] h^j (pj] ( 30)
2083:o] o hê (|^] h^j (] oe] 187 9:oe |^ hê
287X 282B4: p^f] n ( 31)
318B1:pi ( 32)
185X 184B3:m]`] &mû m]] g ( 33 )
191B9:p^f] xj ( 34 )
225B 3:o_] ( 35)
129B4:fn oe] e] ( 36)
11B5:] h^j 111B7Vpf] ] 225B 3:o_] ( 37 )
335:Y 1930g s Z sg {g Z Z yA0 y]|} YkZzg ( 38)

lne (o] gj](]( ]] f e e]( o^]229B3:o_ ] ( 39)
196B6:Y 1972 D| 1392
229B 3:o_] ( 40)
118B5:^] n 111B7 :pf] ( 41)
198B6:]]f 11B5:] h^j ( 42)
131B4:fn oe] e] 197B6:]]f ( 43 )
200B6:]]f ( 44 )
221B 3:o_] ( 45)
201B6:t ZiZ'566:Y 2000g s Z sg {g Z Z&0vZ} YkZzg ( 46)

200B6:]]f ( 47 )

t :z b
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227B 3:o_] ( 48)

110B7:pf] ] 228B 3:o_] ( 49)
102B5:^] n ( 50)
72B3:] û] ^r] 184B3:m]] g 345B 9:o] ( 51)
135B4:fn oe] e] ( 52)
135B4:fn oe] e] ( 53 )
2B6:]]f ( 54 )
129B4:fn oe] e] ( 55)
130B4Vfn oe] e] 199B6:]]f ( 56)
11B5:] h^j ( 57 )
^nu] ]](^j] m^ u o ^n] m^( v e e e] m] oi ( onv] ( 58)
( _( o] ']j]
166B2:Y 2003D| 1424 ^m]( gj] ^ ](pf]]( ] e ^ ( 59)
277B1: ( lne( ] ](n] a]q( n] f x^ ( 60)
345B9Vo] ( 61)
2260:u] ( 62)
71B 1:n] a]r] ( 63 )
224B2: (_( o] ']j] ^nu] ]](^`] vi( m] ( p ( 64 )
( p( n] fj](n^] ^q(v e v m] oe] ( o]] ( 65)
102B2:
50: lne( ] ](ê] o] a ^m]( v e x^ ( o ( 66)
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255B3:Y 2003D| 1424
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27 6:Y 1983 a( o^]
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Obsorms concise lahore dictionary.
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451B6 : o] (126B7:pf] ] (19B5:] h^j ( 71)

324B3:o_] ( 72)
407B2:p^j ( 73 )
141B4:Y 1985 lne( ] ](j] o] ]( on] fa ( 74 )
96:Y 1966 lne( ] ](] om] v( a e] ( 75)
355B9Vo] ( 1B75)
1879:oe |^ hê (|^] h^j (q^ e] ( 76)
31B32:p^j] r ( 77 )
19B23Vp^j] r ( 78)
1419: lê f] _ê |^] o gn%] ]j] hê (|^] h^j( xnv ( 79)
6945:] |^ rm hê (]] h^j(pê xnv (80)
656:Y 1990g s Z sg {g Z ZjZ

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88X 87B2:^n] m^ ( 84)
255B3:m xj | ( 85)
5150:mu i^ ê `] hê (|^] h^j (pê xnv ( 86)
n mu i^ ni ]q ]] hê (|^] h^jV xnv ( 87)
1465:
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h^j] ] ( ^n] l^f o ^n] nu ( ]f e u] n e]( o^`f] ( 89)
366X 365:Y 1987 D| 1407 lne(oe]
220B 3:o_] ( 90)
226B 3:o_] ( 91)
451B6:o] 19B5:] h^j 125B7:pf] ] ( 92)
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1136:|^] rm ^ ^q hê (|^] h^j (^ ^] ^ ( 94)

5147:n] |^] o ] hê (|^] h^j(pê xnv ( 95)
24:^] ( 96)
449B4Vpf ni ( 97)
h^j(q^ e] 1088:|^] o ^q ^ hê (|^] h^j (pj] ( 98)
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"Islam placed women and on the same footing an ecanomic independence, propaty
nights and legal process. She might follow any ligitimate. profession keep her earnings,
inherit property and dispose of will.
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It is said that two women are proved to be equal to the male by the principle of
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daughter half as much of the estate as went to a son was an inovation.
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( 14 )
Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethies vol. vii inheritance page No;306)
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m] ]
MUSN(n^%] f_](a^ f (n] r]V^ n] na]e]

( a ,^(m$] fj](]] ^( n_] f m] ] e]
MUSO( n^]( ] ^( ^n oe] e]
( p]] u] a^ nvi( &mv] gm om^`] ( pr] v e ^f( n$] e]
MUSU I a MOUU lne( ]]
( pv] ou] ](pu] ^( oe] e]

&mû] o ] h^j] V^% e na]e fn oe e e ] f (fn oe e]
MUTO(lne( ] ]( lv] m ^ nvi (^$]
(^m] (] ]( n ^ v qj (n] pF^j (nn%] x^(ê e]
NLLQ I bMPNR( ^m]( n] 'vf ^] ^]( pF^j r( ê e]

]( o] û v( nvi( ^f e] o v] e â^j]( l]^nj]( nni e]
( lne ( ]
] r ( ^] u] f q (p^j] r V nv] f e u] ( nni e]
MUUQ ! a MPMR ( m (`
fj] (^% v u] f nvi (^fu e] xnv Vojf] iû e](^fu e]

MUSL (] m (n]
gj] ](p^f] xnv | p^f] xjVo e u](o] ru e]
M U T M(a(n]
MURPaMOTP(] m](nfv] ni Vo e u]( o ru e]

MUUQ I MPMQ( lne( n] gj] ](e^v]ni o e^]( o ru e]
( `] f (n^%] f_] (ov]Vn e u] e o (u e]
(o] v Vnvi (m e] xnv Vm e ^v] e v (o] m e]
a MPLL(lne(o] gj]
lne(nr] ]( e] V v e u] f ( e]
MMN)RV ( lne( ^ ]( pFf] l^f_]( e v( e]

U Z%zg r
364
( m( v] ] fj (mj]mvj] ni a^_] v( ^ e]
] ](^ ]f Vnvi( ] nm^ r Vu v] e (^ e]
(a^](] ^f_ra( o] ( u] e ] f v oe] ( o] ] e]
MUUNIbMPMN
NLP)U bMOPR( ( ^] f_(nf] |] o]( o] ] e]
gj] ] (n] u] f Vnvi (n^] h n] ] Vmr] n e]
a^] (%mv]
o] gj]( on vVnvi( ^_n] m^ o ^`] $^](mr] n e]
MUUT I aMPMU( lneT
( lne( oe] h^j] ](]] ]e(mr] n e]

ê n( n] ] fj(] ûê ] vi(mr] n e]
(a( mv] ] fj( o] û v( nvi(] gmì(mr] n e]
MORS
(lne (^] (^f] n pa o ^] ]Ve oe] e v(mr] n e]

MUUP
fj( p ] km]a( qj( of] ln(o n^] ]] e]( n% e]
MUUR (a (n
(oF] f_] (^m] ] fj] (n% e] ni Vo n^] (]] e] (n% e]
MPMR
MUTT(lne(oe] ']j] ^nu] ]( h] ^Vom]( e]

MURN( a( ;m] o n(D]E â e] ln( â e]
( ^m]( gj] ^ ](m] xj |( u]] f e v m] ^ ( ^ e]
NLLO I bMPNP
(m^j] f_(q^ e] o p] nû oF_] ( p^`] f e v v] e]
MUSN(a(n of ](nq] u( p o] e]
MUSO( a( ] ^qi(] nì(p o] e]
( lne( ] ](n] n] ( o e e e]

U Z%zg r
365
(n^%] f_](^jê(m$] fj](] e] Vo^jr] &] e ^n (] e]

a MOUU
( lne( oe] h^j] ](o^] h^j( o^] o e]

MUTM IMPLM(_(] j] o ] u( u]f e v ] f oe]
lne(o] gj] (fu e u] Vfu e u]
MUUQ!MPMR ( a^] ( &mv] ](^ u] nû u]( fu e u]
bMPNR( ^m]( n] 'vf ^] ^(]] r] pF^j( ]] f e u]
N LLQ I
MUUS(a( l^n] ]](l] ] (n( n o u]
(oe] h^j] ] ( ^n] l^f o ^n] nu ( ]f e u] n e]( o^`f]
MUTS I bMPLS( lne
MUUU(a( m;^ ]^( ei( u] n]( ou]
bMPMS( a( m;^ ]^(^ ^ l 6n ^ o ] ( u] n](ou]
M UUR I
MUSM( o2]( o;n] n(] mî (pê gnr ^ f]
] ( n] 'vf] r(nu oe] ( ] f e u] n e] ( o^`f]
NLLL( ê
I bMPMS( ^m] ( ^] fj(vnv] ]( m] ^ v ( o^f]
MUUR
MUUQ I bMPLR( lne( o] gj(^r] xnv ( m] ^ v( o^f]
(o] gj](nf] ^ &mû] smi o n] ]]( m] ^ v( o^f]
MUSUI bMOUU(lne
MURU( lne( o] gj](ê ^r] û]( m]^ v( o^f]
f_](lne(o] gj]( i^m n] ^r] xnvV m] ^ v (o^f]
MUTR aMPLR(n^%] f_] (n^%]
MUTO I bMPLO( lne( o] gj(] | ( e nu ( pf]

( a^]( &mv] ](oê] xj]( u] f u]( ^f]
( m]( ] ]( ^] ^( m e ( oi`f]

U Z%zg r
366
MUTS( ê ]( ni ](p^nf] ni( n] e] m] ^( p ^nf]

I bMPLQ (lne(n] gj] ] (f] (nv] e u] e e](o`nf]
MUTQ
(lne (n] gj] ] (^m] g ^r] (nu e u] e oe] (o`nf]
o] f_] MUUL MPML
(n^] ^] ] r f_ pf] ] V nv] e ue e(onf]

aMOPP (`]
(o] gj(o^f] nvje xne^] ] f e v m] o( pmfj]

MURM ! a MOTM( lne
f_]( ^m](] ](pj] ^qVon e v on e] (pj]

MPMS(o]
e neVnvi(xnv] o ]V ] f e v ] f oe( pe^n] ^v]

a MPLP(o] f_]( lne(^] (n pâ
^nu] ]](^j] m^ u o ^n] m^( v e e e] m] oi ( onv]

TT!TS)NV ( _( o] ']j]
( ( pF] ] ] ^q(^f e] ni( ] f e m] f( pnv]
( n] gj] ]( ^] ni Vp]f] na]e] e v e o m] ( ^]
MUUQ a MPMQ( o] f_] (lne
f_] ( km ( ^n] m^j] jr](] ]( ] f v]f(o]]

NLLO I MPNP(o]
f_] ( km ( ^n] m^j] jr](] ]( ] f v]f(o]]

NLLO I MPNP(o]
(p (n] fj] (n^] ^q (v e v m] oe] (o]]
a^(^v] ]( o^m â ] fVxnvi( o_ ] V e o(o_ ]]

MURR(vj] n] ^f_] (o] Vu] f e ] f (o]]
MUTR( lne(^] (f] ]n( ^% e v m] ( ofa]
( ]`( n] gj] ] (nf] nj]( m] ( p]]

U Z%zg r
367
MUUP(lne(] ](] tîV oiv(pne]

] f_(m]`] &mû m]] gVm e ] f v oe m] ^q( om]
MUOT a MOQS(o] f_] ^]
] ^] ]( &n] xj( u] f v ] f oe]( p^]

NLLOI bMPNP( m] (n]
(_( o] ']j] ^nu] ]](^`] vi( m] ( p ]
( lne( ] ]($^] ni o %]]( m] q( on]
lne(n] fj] (^]Vm] e v (o^]
( (mj] ] ^f] ](] h^j V m] e v (o^]
I bMPMT ( ^m]( m] ]( t^jv] o gn_ e v m] ( one]
PMT)O( MUUS
MUSO(lne(nr] ](^] nVo e v (o^]
( u] ûV qj(v ^] ^( u e v ] f e] ( o^fn]
MUTO( a( o^]
MUSN IbMOUN( lne( o] gj](]( ]] f e e]( o^]
I bPLL( ] ( ^] ]( nf] r]( u] e ^n ^] oe]( o]f_]
MUTL
MUTM I bMPLM(lne( ] ](n] ru] e ^n ^] oe]( o]f_]
fj( ^v_] v nvi(] r](u] e ^n ^] oe]( o]f_]
o] f_]( MUTQ Ia MPLQ ^m] (^]
](Dpf niE ] mî ^nf] ^q(mq e v q oe] (pf_]

NLLTIbMPNU(a^] (]
lne( ^ ](^$] ( q e] ( p^v_]
( ( ne] gj] ^nu] ]( m] ] ^nu]( û e] ( o]]
MUUN( lne( n] gj] ](h] ^(û e]( o]]
(p] n v Vnvi (nv] ^] Vhm e v m]r (pên]
MUUP a MPMQ( e]] f_] (^]
fj(D of niE ] û ^r] ( u] e v ] f e] (of]

U Z%zg r
368
V (o]
fj(^`] ga] o ^] nu( u] e v e oe] m] n( ^]
MUTT( ^( ^]
a( n fj( u] o( p^f]
(n] gj] ] (pj] ^q | pu] vi V nu] f e u] f(p^f]
lne
MUSR (lne ( oe] ']%] ^nu] ] (o]] ni (o_ u] (o]]
(^] (^q] ^] o ^] gmì (t^rv] oe] m] ^q (p]
MUUT I bMPMT (lne
MURP (a^] ^] f_ (m] ov v( nvi(ga] t( p]
(] ]( n] ^q |m] nV m] tî e ] f v( p^]
aMOUM lne
MUSO ( lne ( ] ](r]

I bMPLM( lne( ] ](gnaj] gnj]( p] f e n] f( p]
UMTM
MUUU( ^m] ( ] ](o^] ( gn e u]( o^]
(lne (] ] ( xnv o p] ^] V e oFnvm m] ov (p]
MPMQ n^%] f_]
(^r n^] fj] ( h`] | r] e oFnvm m] ov (p]

(oe] h^j] ] mi(]] f ]] rV e oe e o m] (o%n`]
aMPLN(%^%] f_] (lne
MUSS(a( ^ gj om(u] ga] ni( n( o n]

NLLO( o2]( l^n] ]]( p^] nu v qj(êê nr]
MURQ I bMOTQ lne( oe] h^j] ](m] ]( e f( o]
(em (J e ] (^f] xnv o p^f] nV v( pn] ^ ]
MUTL
(a( nû fj( o n] n ( qj( pn,^ pF^j (n,^ gm -]

U Z%zg r
369
MUTN( a( o^] o](] ^qi (] e] ^( ]

(^j( m]] fj( n] ] ni o o^] | (( v m] h^`( o
( a( -n fê a ; ( 7^n^3 n o fê

]( o^ u] n qj(u ] h]( n ^] e v( pê
MURM( o2] (k^]
bMOUO( oa( n] (p`ni( ] ^$ o^( oj o^
MUST( a ( ] ]](n] o( u] ( m
NLLP( ê ]( o] l^nvi ]](] n] r( 9]J( u] mi
on^ Hn: o9](^ ]â ] ]^ l( n(u ^
NLLS(ê ](p;9]
a( ]ê ] n]( ^ oi^^ ]( p ^
NLLO( a( nj] ]( 1o] l^nu( ^
a( ]ê] n]( ^ oi^ ^ ] (p ^
MUPO( a(oe m(^ >i^nj o] o` ^m
MUTP ( lne ( o] gj] (] o ] u( v ( ^ n
MUSL ( lne( ] ](^] ni( v( ^ n
^ ]](om u] q^ ] qj lu v( oq ]
MUUL a( o]
MUOL( a( o] ^ ]]( ^ e ^% lu v ( oq ]
NLLL( a( o] ^ ]]( e ]f ( oq ]
MUUR q MO(OV^ (OV k 1] ^
niE m^j] n mj] û ^]( e v ^] oe] ( p
]m](h^j l]^j] (D ^]
a MOUT( lne( ] ](f]V m] ( o

] v û qj(^ o]^( ] qi ] ^( p e^ n
( a( n of nfmu(pa^
a( l] ]](p]n ^ n qj ] o ni( g_ n

U Z%zg r
370
MUON( a^]( mn]] ^f_] ]](^f] ]ru( ] o ^

o2](o -f m(^] nV o^ of
( o2]( ;m] n v(1of] ln( o^ of
(n] ]( m] ] ] ^ o n] ( ] f e x^
MUUT IbMPMT(^m]
( lne( ] ](n] a]q( n] f x^
MUSO(a( ^je](] ^n] i( u] f m] |^f
(h] oi r( ] kn^ n qj(] km ( o^v ovf
MUSQ (a
o] ']j] ^nu] nq(]] e | ] f( n^] e v( o^
MUUS IbMPMT( km(
MUUR^n(` oq]] ^ of] ln t]] â ^( p , ];q ] f
MUQN ( m H ]m( l ] ]( p n]f
MOUU(^j(] (] e] |f] Vv] (pê n

NLLP(a( J e ^(k ] m(n( u o
MUSRa( ^ h^j o( ^_ oeî ^ ^ ga]( n(
( a ,^( m$] fj]( l ^ (] ] e]V qj( p pq m
lne( ] ](ê] o] a ^m]( v e x^ ( o

MUSO( a( n ( ] l^] n ( p( m] n
MUSO(a( n(o^ l^]n( p( m] n
MUTN(a(n of ] ^n(] ^n( v ( ^
(QOV (o2]( k^] ]((ou_] ^] V^ ] nu ^ (p]n
MUUL (a (l^n] ]((nu] ^] V^ ] nu ^ (p]n
o^f] f ] v Vni nvi( ] V ^]( e ^
NLLO I bMPNP( ^m]( gj] ^ ](pf]]( e ^
MUQU XXjeZZ â^

U Z%zg r
371
( MUPR( a( h^r ^+ ](n] ^ ] ]( h^r ^q n^j] r

(km (o] ']j] ^nu] nq( n] x] n] h]( x e v
MUUN IbMPMT
NLLM( o2]( ^] ]](] ^( oj( n v
MUSQ( a( mm fj(k k ^^ ]( m] n v
( a( nû fj(] ] mî( f] f v
^: pe o] nvi l r( ^ o^n^ ]( om ^v]v
MUTM!o2]
MURU( a( Je ] p( k]( -ne f ]
MUUS( ^m(] ] fj(] xnv(pn] t^rv] e
MUSO I bMOUO( km( n] ] ^] ]( ofu r
fj( xne^] | ^] V^_ e v e o m]( p^] o
^j (m]]
gj] ](m] ] | n`f]^m^f] oq] ^ u e m h]
( a( n]
NLLQ( a( ^ gj o^( &mv] l^( ^] nu
:MUSS IbOMUS( a( o;n] r](p^f] xnv | p^f] ni (^] nu
MUUS IbMPMT( njm] n`] km( n] ] ^] ]

(] ] (] f ]V nvi (|^v] o^ |^] (nfa e ^] m
MUUS IbMPMS ^m]
MUTQ ( lne( ] ](j] o] ]( on] fa
MUTQ ( lne( ] ](j] o] ]( on] fa
a( n of ] ( (p o] e


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