Femtocell

3G/4G Femtocell Architecture and Design
BRKSPM-5127 Dave Burns

Manager, Systems Engineering July 12, 2011
BRKSPM-5127
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Agenda
Femtocell Introduction and Review Market Drivers Femtocell Standards/Architectures Cisco Femtocell Strategy
Home Node B, Home Node B Gateway, Zero Touch Provisioning, and Network Elements
Cisco Femtocell Key Features Cisco Femtocell Architecture Evolution Summary
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Femto Introduction and Review
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What Is a Femtocell?
In-Home
Femtocell Picocell Macrocell
Focus of this topic is Femtocell

In-house coverage
Compare and contrast with Macrocell, Picocell

Femto provides in fill for Macro and Pico
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What Is a Femtocell?
Tiny Home Base Station
Operator Management & Services
Licensed Spectrum
BTS
Wireless Core (MSC,SGSN)
Radio signal inside the home Standalone device or integrated into home gateway Works with all standard handsets
Macro Cellular Network

Standard Handset Femtocell HNB Gateway
Connects to the Core Network via the Internet

Part of the wireless carriers network Uses home broadband connection for backhaul
Internet
Licensed Spectrum
Femtocell Home Node B
Residential GW
Broadband Connection
Typical Specification
Low power output Short range
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Femto Cellular Network

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Femtocell Deployment to Accelerate

Femtocell Market Accelerates
Mass Market Femtocell Adoption
Technology challenges are being ironed out - Luh standardized and gains momentum - Interference problem solved in mass market - Femto from/to macro handover - Provisioning and Management still in the works Market launches are driven by HSPA - Coverage benefits with bb speeds of 7.2 Mbps - Major infrastructure vendors support femto - ASP goes down from $200 to sub $150 Regulation - Spectrum ownership an issue - Competition with bb fixed - Health risks
Technology is market proven - Interference and handover solved - Multiple architectures deployed - Cost effectiveness of mass deployment - OpEx reductions from mobile offload Market develops - Consumer and enterprise market develop sophisticated offerings (DSL+VOIP+mobilebb+mobile+femto) - Pricing sub $100 gets widely available. bb cpe vendors such as Netgear get into the market Regulation evolves to accommodate femtos - Services based requirements begin - Universal coverage - No professional installation required
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Sources Infonetics, (03/09)

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Market Drivers
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In Summary: Why Femto?

Scaling Coverage
Delivering 66 Fold Increase in Capacity
Macro
1000
Hierarchical Networks are the Only Answer
Capacity Average Macro Cell Efficiency Spectrum

Consumer Femto Business Femto
Growth
100
10
1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Metro Femto
Future Networks supporting the Mobile Internet will need to seamlessly integrate a lot more smaller cells
Source: Agilent
Spectrum allocation is not increasing significantly Small cells are the only answer to exponential growth in data traffic Ultimately, physics will drive this transition
Femtocells Reduce Costs

Time Macrocell Costs
Femtocells Have Many Cisco Adjacencies
Dollar cost per subscriber
Tipping Point
Increasing Price and Complexity

Home
Femtocell Costs
SMB
Commercial
Open Interfaces
Enterprise Adjacency to Connected Enterprise
kbps per subscriber
Adjacency to Connected Home
ASR 5000
A 66-fold increase in mobile data over five years will make femtocells irresistible as a cost reduction play For any carrier, the tipping point exists
The key is to develop tools and techniques to determine where the crossover point lies
Other FAP Partners
Mobile Operator Opportunities With Femto

Reducing Operational Costs
Backhaul of cell tower traffic accounts for 20% of mobile operator OpEx Site acquisition, leasing costs, power costs Capacity demand is expected to be 4x to 10x as migration to 3G and 4G proceeds
Increasing Revenue/Reducing Churn

High quality WiFi/3G/4G signal in the home Enables new bundled service offerings (triple/ quad play)
Improving In-Home Coverage

Significant percentage of mobile voice originates in the home Poor coverage leads to unhappy customers churn Delivery of high speed data in the home is challenging with macrocell network Increase mobile device battery life
Mobile Operator Opportunities With Femto

Femtozone Services Leveraging Location Awareness and Local IP Access (LIPA) Capabilities
Virtual home number Presence alerts in entering and exiting the home Photo and video upload to home computer Instant Podcast reload Seamless mobility between home and macro network
Connected Home Services Secure Remote IP Access (RIPA)

Home network available from anywhere Control Security, Appliance, Temperature Synchronize music and video Automatically backup content Secure Access to home server, media
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Mobile Operator: Femto Market Insertion*

Connected Home
Subscriber Traffic and Revenue Growth Device convergence, home gateway Improved applications; QoS, presence, immersion gaming More trust in SP
Connected Enterprise / UC Standalone Femto

Improve indoor coverage Mostly voice, some data Price and business case being worked on Managed voice and data Always secure Triple play for businesses
Early Adopters
2008
Cross Chasm
Mass Market
2012
Service Adoption Timeline

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*Based on Operators feedback and present industry direction

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Smaller Cells for Increased Capacity

MSP are faced with capacity crunch in their network (radio, backhaul, core) Three ways to increase network capacity
Additional spectrum Radio access efficiency Densify the network by adding sites
Various status and gains with the options

Spectrum is a finite resource Radio technology is getting closer to the physical limit (see graph) Smaller cells is a valid option but requires tight interference management
Femto/Pico is definitely one way to maximize the radio capacity while avoiding congestion on the backhaul Femto will be even more attractive for higher spectrum radio (e.g. LTE)
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Projected Femtocell CPE Shipment
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Projected Femtocell CPE Price per Unit
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Femto Positioning
Complements Macro Improved Coverage for users Cost Efficient Backhaul Model Willingness to pay and how much?
Personalized Experience New Revenue Streams Creates stickiness, Service bundling User willing to pay premium
Balance Femto Positioning to Both Sides of the Equation

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Sample of Femto Commercial Offers

Operator
Airave Home Zone Network Extender Sure Signal (UK) Voz y Datos Premium (Sp) Vodafone Access Gateway (Gr) Microcell 3G Inn MyArea Home 3G Sinal On FT Home Antenna Au Femtocell
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Offering
Technology
CDMA (1xRTT) WCDMA (HSDPA) CDMA (1xRTT)
Launch
Aug 08 Dec 08 Jan 09 July 09 June 10 July 10 Sept 09 Apr 10 (Nal) Oct 09 Nov 09 Nov 09 Dec 09 Jan 2010 June 2010
Country
USA Singapore USA UK Spain Greece USA China Japan France Portugal Japan Japan
Vendor
Samsung Huawei Samsung ALU Huawei Huawei Cisco Huawei NEC, Mitsubishi NEC, Ubiquisys & Kineto Huawei NEC, Ubiquisys Airvana, Hitachi
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WCDMA (HSDPA) WCDMA (HSDPA) WCDMA (HSDPA) WCDMA (HSDPA) WCDMA (HSDPA) HSDPA HSDPA CDMA
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AT&T Deployment
AT&T microcell officially announced during CTIA
http://www.wireless.att.com/learn/why/3gmicrocell/
National network has been deployed with full zero-touch provisioning Full Cisco solution see the following link
http://cisco.com/en/US/solutions/ns341/ns973/att_microcell.html
BEST COMMERCIAL FEMTO LAUNCH AT&Ts 3G MicroCell National Deployment

AT&Ts 3G MicroCell deployment with Cisco caught the judges eyes for two crucial reasons. First and foremost, it emphasised the importance of the customer at the heart of the femtocell experience, positioning technology very much as an enabler, rather than an end in itself. Secondly, the deployment is on a national scale, which given the US markets size adds an additional layer of complexity, agreed the judges. London, England - June 23, 2010
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Femtocell Standards/Architectures
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Organisations and Standards Bodies Involved in Femtocell

Market representative organisation pushing femto as the de facto solution for in home coverage for all technologies (WCDMA, CDMA, WiMAX) Several working groups covering service requirements (wg1), radio and interference management (wg2), network architecture (wg3) and legal issues (wg4) 3G/GSM standardisation Body Defining standards femtocell architecture and interface for 3G and LTE
R8 contains initial set of standards published. Follow-on functionalities being specified in R9 and R10.
www.femtoforum.org
www.3gpp.org
DSL standardisation body Objective is to reuse TR-069 framework for zero-touch provisioning of Femtocell Access Point. Femto specific data model (WT-196) published in April 2009
www.broadband-forum.org
Mobile SP organisation looking at beyond 3G services and architecture Fully supporting FemtoForum work on Femtocell for LTE
www.ngmn.org
Mobile SP organisation defining interoperability and deployment guidelines Published guidelines on Femto security and broadband network reqs
www.gsmworld.com
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Femto Forum Activities

Defined Femtocell requirements (including end-user services, OAM, Security, Network Integration, Enterprise femto, etc.) Whitepapers available on the femto forum website: www.femtoforum.org Femto Forum major deliverables
Business case (full analysis has been recently released) Interference management whitepapers (3G and LTE) UE power consumption
Femto Forum current focus

Femto enterprise architecture and use cases Chipset API (FAPI) Local breakout requirements Legal and regulatory requirements
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FemtoForum Reference Architecture

Femto Management System
FAP-MS FGW-MS
Fm/ TR-069
Fg/ tbd
HPLMN Core Network

Fr/ tbd Fb-cs/ Iu-cs Fb-ps/ Iu-ps Fb-ims/ I2
Subscriber Databases CS Core
Femto GW
Fa/ Iuh
FL Home GW Fixed Broadband Interconnect SeGW
Radio/ Uu
Mobile Device
Femto Access Point
PS Core
IMS Core
HPLMN RAN
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3GPP Femto Standards Content

WCDMA and LTE Femto standard defined in 3GPP starting with R8 RAN-based architecture with standard interface between H(e)NB and H(e)NBGW
Iuh for WCDMA (3G TS 25.467, 468, 469) S1 for LTE (note that for LTE HNBGW is optional)
Standard interfaces to the core network Access control

Based on Closed Subscriber Group definition (CSG Id is broadcasted by the HNB and part of user subscription data)
Full Mobility support (starting with R9), inc. femto-to-femto as well IPSec tunnel between HNB and HNBGW
IKEv2 with X.509 based authentication (SIM based is optional)
HNB Provisioning
TR-069/TR-196 interface and data model
Management (3G TS 32.581, 582, 583, 584)

Standard configuration and performance management interface (XML based)
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Iuh Interface Details
MSC/VLR Iu CS ATM or IP
UE
UTRAN
HNB Iuh
HNB-GW
SGSN Iu PS ATM or IP
HNBAP SCTP IPsec IP L1/L2
RANAP RUA SCTP IPsec IP L1/L2
HNBAP defined in 3G TS Procedures includes HNB (de)registration UE (de)registration
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Iuh Stack Control Plane
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Iuh Stack CS and PS Bearer Planes
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3GPP R9 and R10 focus

HeNB architecture specification (3G TS 36.300)
RF aspects Core Architecture (couple of options still in discussion, i.e. with or without HeNB gw)
CSG concept finalisation Full Femto mobility

Hand-in and inter-femto (esp. Important for pico)
Open/hybrid access mode specification Roaming support IMS-based femto architecture (postponed to R10)
Different options being discussed: IMS interworking in Femto or in core
Local Breakout (postponed to R10)

Also know as LIPA (Local IP Access) Mechanism to allow traffic to egress directly in the home environment Likely to be based on local GGSN/PGW in the Femtocell
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Cisco Femtocell Strategy
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Cisco End-to-End Mobile Internet Network Architecture

Devices and Applications
3G LTE
Radio
Mobile Packet Core 3G 4G RAN Backhaul
Unified Service Delivery
WiMAX
IP RAN
Data Center
IP Core WiFi Femto IP/MPLS Core IMS
Enabling Next-Generation Mobile Multimedia Applications and Services

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Cisco Femtocell Overall Strategy

Solution Definition
Leverage Cisco leadership in IP, broadband and mobile Aligns with Connected Home strategy Future integration with Cisco enterprise solutions Initial focus on 3G technology
Technology and Products

Design end-to-end architecture with best-of-breed products Pre-standard solution for early delivery Committed to drive and deliver standard solution
Solution Delivery
Service-led approach Prime and take end-to-end responsibility Plan for scale
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Cisco Femtocell Solution

World Class Zero Touch Provisioning
True plugnplay customer experience Dramatic OpEx reduction The key to scaling service
Industry-Leading Mobile Packet Core Intelligence

Performance optimized for throughput, transactions, and density Standard support easing interoperability (e.g. with third party HNB vendors)
State of the Art Femtocell AP

Superior indoor signal strength and coverage High data speeds for an enhanced multimedia experience Self-optimization tied to backend network intelligence
Largest Femtocell Deployment

Large North American carrier Vast experience with integration into carrier network for location verification, billing, management, regulatory compliance
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Femtocell System Integration Cisco Services Capabilities

Prepare
Discovery Workshop Network Assessment Site Survey Project Plan HLD Migration Tools
Scale for Market Rollout
Optimize
Plan
Operationalize with OSS Systems
Operate
Design
Femto End-to-End Solution LLD Network Migration Plan Test and Validation
Implementation
Migration Execution Lab Verification and Multi-Vendor Integration

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Key Challenges for Mass Deployment

Zero-touch Provisioning for user self install
Check location (multiple methods: GPS, NWL, IP@, MAC@, etc.) Customised provisioning integrating with existing backend Design to minimize user requests to Customer Care
Interference Management (with macro and between femto)

Network Listen on all available radio bands (2G and 3G) Automatic radio settings configuration (UARFCN, SC, CPICH, neighbours, etc.) Regular monitoring for fine tuning
Network integration
Support of all existing bearer services (CS and/or PS bearers) Mobility (Idle and Active mode (Hand-out and Hand-in)) Backhaul support (DL/UL bandwidth, jitter, delay, DSCP)
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Key Challenges for Mass Deployment

Femtocell management
Scalable architecture (design to manage 100ks of HNBs) Non-real time and real time capabilities (Stats file and remote management) Automatic firmware management and upgrade Whitelist management for IMSI based access control
Securing the femtocell

X.509 certificate authentication for HNB (hardware and software (signature) Encryption of all traffic (SSL for management and IPSec for Iuh) Tampering detection
CPE specific requirements

Customised form factor and capabilities Integrated capabilities (Router, GPS, WiFi (Future))
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Cisco Femtocell End-to-End Solution
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Three Pillars of Femto
3GPP Radio Access Network Protocols: Iuh, IPSec, IKE, x.509, RADIUS, DHCP Radio Signaling, Voice and Data Traffic Cisco Solution: ASR5000 (HNBW/SeGW); Opt. WSG/7600 (External SeGW)
These 3 domains are interdependent All three required for deployment Cisco offers cohesive fully integrated solution
Femto Provisioning and Management System Protocols: TR-069, HTTPS, x.509, NTP, XML Authorization, Configuration, Software Management, Monitoring and Troubleshooting of HNBs Cisco Solution: BAC & PMG/FRM (HMS), CAR (AAA), CNR (DHCP)
Service Assurance Protocols: SNMP, Syslog, XML PM Files, HTTPS Alarms, Performance, Config Monitoring, User Authentication, Backup/Restore for Entire Back-End Cisco Solution: EMS (WEM (ASR5k)), Stats Server, Fault, Performance and Config Management
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Cisco End-to-End Femtocell Architecture

Fully redundant and scalable architecture TR-069 standard compliance (planned support for full TR)196) Northbound interface/API for OSS&BSS integration Access Control list management HNB status monitoring Auto discovery of the network to provide full visibility of network changes Alarm Monitoring, reporting SLA, statistics monitoring
5mW output power, configurable (up to 20mW in Q1CY11) Network Listen (NWL) for auto configuration, interference management and location verification 4 simultaneous active users Up to 3.6Mbps HSDPA (7.2 in Q1CY11) Emergency call support Certificate based authentication Secure transport (Iuh over Ipsec and SSL for TR-069)
Optional components Secure DMZ access Single point of termination for signaling/ management security
ASR5000 SeGW//HNBGW Multifunction platform: S/GGSN, LTE EPC, etc. High capacity 1:n Stateful redundancy Open/Closed Mode Full mobility
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Cisco Femtocell Interoperability

Cisco Femtocell solution complies with 3GPP standards R8 for Iuh and Iu R6 (HSDPA/HSUPA) for Uu Cisco participated to the first ETSI IOT Plugfest for Iuh with the ASR5k HNBGW (March 2010) and will participate to the next one (April 2011) Refer to the plugfest test results Femto interoperability Status Iuh - Advanced Iuh Testing has been performed with Argela, Picochip, (Airvana) Customer lab with Femtel, Digimoc, ZyXEL, Panda, etc. Iu - Core Network IOT includes NSN, Ericsson and ZTE Uu - Successful test done with major vendors of UEs/Smartphones Focus is now on TR-196 support for femto provisioning and management
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Cisco Femto Home Node B (HNB)

Femtocell Hardware PicoChip chipset for the radio access Dual memory banks for easy upgrade Femtocell Software IP.Access (for radio and core interfaces) Cisco Remote Management module (RMM) for provisioning and management; Optionally, integrated router can be supported 3G R6 Radio Compliant UMTS Band I, II, IV and V Support Single carrier with up to 5 mW (7 dBm) output power NetworkListen (NWL) for autoconfiguration/optimisation Macro network (2G & 3G) scan to select radio parameters (SC, LAC/RAC) & create neighbour list Interference management (CPICH and power control) based on macro measures Macro Synchronisation to set internal oscillator (NTP used as backup) Service mix CS and PS support ; up to 3.6Mbps HSDPA (7.2Mbps and 1.4Mbps HSUPA in next release) 4 simultaneous user service limit - Multi-RAB CS/PS combinations per-user Transport and Security Capability IPSec for transport security based on IKEv2 & X.509 certificates, NAT traversal, bandwidth mgmt Configurable DSCP marking per femto traffic
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Combining Intelligence and Performance

Processing Power
ASR 5000
Servers Multimedia Core Platform
ROUTER / SWITCH
Bandwidth
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Product Portfolio
Only Multi Access Solution Today
Mobility Unified Reporting EMS
Platform
ASR 5000
Network Function Modules
GGSN / SGSN Security Gateway HA / PDSN
Femto GW Session Control Manager IP Services Gateway
Access Service Network (ASN) Gateway TTG / PDG MME / SGWY / PGWY
DPI
Enhanced Charging Service Peer-to-Peer Detection and Control Traffic Performance Optimization
Intelligent Traffic Control Dynamic Policy
In-Line Services
Content Filtering Stateful Firewall
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HNB Gateway
Terminate IuH Protocol Optimized to aggregate more than 100 thousand of HNBs (Femtocells) into a singe interface to the Core network Standards-based interfaces with 3GPP Core Network or IMS/SIP Network Handover capabilities
Outgoing to Macro (2G, 3G)Based on identified neighbour cell list Incoming from Macro
Paging IMSI based routing Fully redundant hardware and software architecture 3G Iu Connectivity
Iuh over IP IuCS over IP or ATM IuPS over IP or ATM
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ASR5K
Operator Benefits Deployment Flexibility
Multi-Access
Scalability
Availability
Intelligence
Mobile Network
Operator Benefits
Performance
CDMA2000 or UMTS / HSPA
Market Leading Performance
Network intelligence
Recognize and Shape Transactions; In-Line Services
Femto / WiFi/WiMAX Enterprise
Reliability
Voice Grade Reliability
Flexibility
Single Node for Multiple Functions; Access Independent
LTE Internet
4G / LTE
Software Migration to 4G/LTE
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Cisco ASR5K: Only Flexible Complete Mobile Core Solution

Seamless Evolution Between 2.5G, 3G, and 4G
Ultra-high performance
Most bps, MIPS & memory Throughput Sessions Call transactions
2G/3G
SGSN
EPC/WiFi
MME
SGW GGSN
Integrated intelligence
In-line Services and policy enforcement with no performance degradation
Flexibility
Multiple functions, integration, seamless migration to 4G
TTG/PDG
PGW/ePDG/HA
Voice-grade reliability All functional blocks available on the same platform today => no forklift Multi access by nature
HNBGW
HeNBGW/ePDG
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UMTS Femto HNB Solution

Femto
Uu/Um HNB Uu/Um BB-GW IuCS RNC IuCS MSC/VLR Legacy Services
Femto
HNB Uu/Um BB-GW Broadband Internet
IPSec/Iuh SeGW HNB-GW OAM&P HMS EMS
BAC DPE
IPSec/Iuh IPsec/Iuh
BAC RDU FPG
OSS, BSS
D/Gr/Wx
HLR/ HSS Gr Mobile Data GGSN
Femto
Gn Iu-PS HNB Uu/Um BB-GW Uu/Um
Ga
SGSN RNC IuPS Gn
Internet
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Iuh Registration with HNB-GW
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ASR5k Combined SeGW/HNBGW

Integrated Security Gateway
HNB Iuh
IPSec
1M+ IPSec IKEv2 Tunnels NAT and Firewall Traversal HNB Authentication (X.509 & EAP-SIM/AKA) SeGW can be enabled/disabled
Standard compliance (3GPP R8)

MSC
GGSN
SGSN
Iuh over IP IuCS/IuPS over IP or ATM Full Idle and Active mode mobility Open/Closed Access mode Intelligent Paging Iu Flex
Future Capabilities
Internet Offload (SIPTO) 3G Packet Core Integration IMS Integration & Interworking In-Line Service (ITC, ECS, Firewall etc.)
Internet Internet
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HNBGW Performance and Reliability

Performance
See table below 3,000+ Session/Second 1024 VC per ATM Line Card
Parameter # IPSec Tunnels # HNB with IPSec # User Sessions # Voice Bearers Throughput (Gbps) Per PPC 40,000 40,000 160,000 20,000 1 Max per PPC Chassis 500,000 500,000 2,000,000 240,000 12
Reliability
1:N session redundancy on a single chassis 5 nines figure Inter-chassis redundancy planned
Per PSC2 80,000 80,000 320,000 20,000 3 Max per PSC2 Chassis 1,000,000 1,000,000 4,000,000 240,000 36
Note: These Are Max Figures per Dimensioning Parameters, Actual Performance Will Depend on the Specific Traffic Model
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Cisco 7600 DMZ Router
Engines
Route Switch Processor 720
Ethernet Services Modules

GE and 10GE with Rich QoS, Distributed, Line-Rate Performance
S Chassis SeGW
Scalable IPSec Termination 7609-S, 7606-S, 7603-S, 7604
Services Modules
Firewall, IDS, SSL Termination, Load Balancing
Traditional Chassis
7606, 7609, 7613
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Cisco Wireless Security Gateway (WSG)

Technology
Standards Compliance Redundancy
Requirements
Complies with IETF RFCs for IPSec and IKEv2 to ensure interoperability NEBS 3-compliant First release N+1 Load Balancing using ACE (1+1 stateful redundancy is a candidate feature for release 2.0) ESP in Tunnel Mode Pre-Shared Key, X.509 Certificate Authentication, CRL Dead Peer Detection (DPD) for IKE transactions NAT Traversal Anti Replay QoS: inner-to-outer ToS/DSCP marking during encapsulation Femtocells, Picocells, UMA, connections to 3G/4G macrocells (LTE) over untrusted networks, etc
Extensions
Flexible Mobile Security Solution
Scales by Adding Security Gateway Feature Modules in the Chassis. Up to 8 Modules per 7613
Performance Tunnels Throughput Initiations
Per SAMI 100,000 2 Gbps* 270/sec
Per Chassis 800,000 16 Gbps* 2160/sec
Security Gateway Feature Modules Cisco 7609S

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*With small packets. Up to 5 Gbps per SAMI w/ large packets **A Tunnel is defined as 3 SAs, thus the numbers above would be multiplied by 3 from a SA perspective.
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Femto Secure Connectivity

ACLs for whole traffic SSL termination & load balancing Firewalling
Management and Provisioning
HNB
SSL Connection (mgmt traffic)
Iu-cs
MSC
Iu-ps
HNBGW
Uu
WSG
FWSM
3G UE 7609 Chassis
SUP
ACE
IPSec Tunnel (Iu+ and CS/PS bearer traffic)
SGSN
IPSec termination
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Femtocell NMS Architecture

HNB Provisioning
XML Femto Interface
Existing Component Optional Component Cisco Component To Customer Care To Web Subscription GUI
Existing OSS & BSS

FRM
PMG
Femtocell Service Assurance

Java/PERL/SOAP API SNMP Remedy/Clarify
Java API
Integration Layer
BAC/ RDU Performance Management

Scheduled Data Retrieval (SCP, FTP)
Fault Management
DB
SNMP, Syslog, Other
BAC/ BAC/ DPE DPE

HNB Device Provisioning & Control (TR-069)
Alarm Events (SNMP)
Cisco Statistics Server

Stats File Upload (HTTPS) Bulkstats (FTP, HTTPS)
WEM
Configure Monitor & Control (SNMP, CORBA) Perf (SNMP) Alarm & Events (SNMP, Syslog)
Configuration Management
Change Monitor & Control
HNB
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Other Components (DMZ, NTP, etc.)

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Cisco Broadband Access Center (BAC)

Cornerstone of the Femto Zero Touch System Mass-scale CPE provisioning product
Started as DOCSIS provisioning Evolved to TR-069 on the same proven platform
Policy-based CPE management

Configuration and firmware
Distributed design for mass scale

BAC RDU (Regional Distribution Unit) Centralised authority for all Femtocell Provisioning Up to 2 Millions HNBs per pair of RDU BAC DPE (Distributed Provisioning Engine) Provides scalable CWMP support and local femto policy Up to 250k HNBs per pair of DPEs
Carrier-grade product
Redundancy, instrumentation, auditing, security
Over 150 SP customers worldwide
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NMS Components Overview

NMS architecture manages all Femto components (HNBGW and HNB) as well as all of the IP networking elements (Routers, Firewalls, LoadBalancers, etc.) All elements do open interfaces/API allowing for integration with existing OSS&BSS Fault Management (e.g. Cisco CIC) Auto discovery of network Alarm Monitoring and browsing through customisable GUI Collect, Filter, Consolidate Alarms and Report Performance Management (3rd party (e.g. IBM Netcool PM)) Rich Reporting collecting information from all network elements Collect statistics from the HNB file SLA, statistics monitoring Capacity planning Apply Service level metrics Configuration Management Autodiscovery of the network to provide full visibility of network changes Track and regulate configuration and software changes for the whole solution Enforce compliance to defined policies Regular reporting of network configuration status Note: HNB configuration management is supported through Cisco BAC
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Web Element Manager (WEM)

Complete FCAPS Functionality
Application Control Level
Interface to application/billing servers Export bulkstats data into commonly used formats (Eg CSV, MS Excel)
OSS Provisioning Level

ASR5000
CORBA, SNMP RADIUS CORBA
Integration with 3rd party NMS CORBA objects exposed for higher level management systems XML interface from bulkstats processor & NMS
CORBA, SNMP RS-232, Telnet, SSH
JAVA
Network Provisioning Level

Element Management Server Service provisioning & commissioning Multi-protocol:R6,R4,R3,AAA 50 managed client workstations Bulk statistics collection Trap server (e.g. CORBA/SNMP)
Client Workstation
Browser based interface to server Full configuration Graphing Up to 100 clients per server
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Local Craft Level

Command line interface Full configuration
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Cisco Femtocell Key Features
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Cisco Femtocell Solution Key Features

Self-install activation
Automated activation flows XML interface to the SP backend systems
Self-optimizing network concept for automatic assignment of RAN parameters

Adaptable parameters (e.g. per location or SP): frequencies, scrambling codes Unique SAI for billing, unique OTA Cell ID
Automatic Location Verification

Activation time, on boot, nightly using NWL and optionally Passive GPS Possibility to use IP/MAC address detection
Extensive RAN Data Management Tools

Daily reporting of access statistics HNB re-assignment to gateways, bulk frequency changes, etc.
Manageability
On-demand TR-069 session for debugging, status request or activation/shutdown Non-disruptive config and firmware upgrades
Configuration
Secure whitelist provisioning to HNBGW (via RADIUS) Authorization of access to HNB via SeGW
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Femtocell Specific Features

Location Awareness
Controlling where the Femto is operating
Security and Access Control

Controlling the allowed users on femto and securing all traffic
Interference Management (to macro and between femto)

Making sure the Femto does not impact the macro layer
Handover Support (hand-in/hand-out) Zero-touch Provisioning

Safely installing an operator managed Node B in the user environment
Emergency call support

Meet the regulatory requirements
Local Breakout of IP traffic

Enabling new services and further offloading the core network
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Femtocell Interference Management

What Is the Issue?
Interference between Macro and Femto layers
Downlink interference from Femto (HNB) to a nonregistered UE Downlink interference from nearby Macro cell to a UE camping on the HNB Uplink interference from UE connected to the HNB to nearby Macro cell receiver Uplink interference from UE connected to the Macro cell to nearby HNB receiver
Interference between Femtocells
Downlink interference from Femto1 to the UE connected to

nearby Femto2 Uplink interference from UE connected to Femto2 on the nearby Femto1 receiver
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Femtocell Interference Management

Dedicated or Co-Channel? How to minimize interference between the Femto and Macro layers?
Dedicated channel deployment gives optimal performance Co-channel deployment is possible and understood. Scenarios are complicated but detailed modelling (TS 25.820) of different configurations show that femtocells will not impact the Macro network Co-channel deployment was successfully deployed within a service provider environment during a femto trial
In many situations femtocells improve coverage and capacity of the network as a whole Both options are valid although co-channel deployments requires a tighter control on the emitting power
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Cisco Femtocell Evolution
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Enterprise Femtocell
Can support large number of simultaneous call up to 16 Self-installation capabilities Provides the capacity of a picocell but with lower cost and ease of installation similar to residential femtos Open & closed UE access options
Whitelists up to 1500 users or open to all
Standards-based
Iuh for HNB HNB-GW signaling TR-069 protocol for HNB HMS interactions
Possible Features
Local break out Enterprise PBX integration Quality of Service - Prioritization of enterprise users Soft handover (femto to femto) Location Awareness Local Paging or Broadcast
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Enterprise Femtocell Architecture

Cisco Enterprise Femtocell Femto Gateway Public Internet Security Gateway Other Options: VPN Concentrator Femtocell Controller Provisioning & Management System Web Portal for SP Ops
Local Web UI for IP Setup
Web Portal for Enterprise Admin
Enterprise Facilities
Service Provider Facilities
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Cloud Based Wireless Solution Phase 1

HNB-GW IMS Hosted UC Services HNB
Local Network WiFi AP
VPN (Internet)
Data Center
WLAN Contr Hosted WiFi and Cellular Solution Zero/Light Touch WiFi and Cellular Configur
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Cloud Based Wireless Solution - Phase 2

WLAN Controller+ HNB-GW IMS Hosted UC Services
VPN (Internet) Local Network Integrated WIFi+HNB
Data Center
Wi-Fi + Femto Management System
Integrated WLAN Controller and HNB-GW Integrated Wi-Fi AP and HNB Local Gateway (Breakout) integrated with HNB Local breakout of Wi-Fi and Cellular
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Increased Operational Synergies and Revenue

Operations
Integrated Management Systems Integrated components Extending Ciscos WLAN RRM (Radio Resource Management) technology to Enterprise Femtos
Revenue
Managed Enterprise WiFi/Femtocell Guest Access for partners WiFi/Femtocell Hotspot at Enterprise
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LTE Femtocell Driver

Small cells- fewer users and more bandwidth allocated to each user User device such mobile phones, dongle, data card have smaller cell radius. The closer to the radio limits signal degradation Many little femtocells will be a less expensive compare to capital cost of more 4G towers High frequencies 4G systems degrade fast in-door and in-buildings Seamless application roaming. Ubiquitous network access.
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HeNB Architecture (See 3G TS 36.300)

HeNB gateway is optional No X2 interface between HeNB and eNB Security Gateway is required
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IMS-Based Femtocell
Several challenges comes with an IMS-based approach Services: Availability of IMS and supporting of legacy services (esp. voice) Location of the SIP/IMS client (Remote User Agent - RUA): HNB, HNBGW, other Evolution: in the long term, IMS will be natively supported in the UE Mobility: network-based mobility only as the SIP/IMS client is not in the handset Initial IMS based femto comes with 3GPP R10 Several alternatives were studied (see 3G TS 23.832) Decision was made to interface with an ICS
D HSS
No impacting on existing femto standards (Iu-cs to new ICS-IWF)

Uu UE
HNB subsystem
IuH HNB HNB GW Iu-cs ICS IWF
IMS
I2/I3
HO between Macro and IMS-HNB

A/Iu
E/Nc
MSC Server
GERAN/ UTRAN
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IPv6 Problem Definition

IPv6 is being deployed due to IPv4 address depletion. Cisco FAP needs to operate in different IPv6 transition technologies while not relying on the transition services provided by other ISPs to reduce service call. A transition proposal is desired from Cisco to help AT&T planning this transition. A two-step approach is provided following SP XYZs guideline.
Step 1: Allow IPv4 FAP to connect to IPv4 3G servers tunnelling across IPv6 WAN Step 2: Dual-stack FAP to enable native IPv6 support
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Step1: IPv6 Tunnel Through Translators
Customers ISP has IPv6 WAN WAN SLA monitoring and fault detection (not isolation) Tools to isolate an end to end issue into an administrative domain
WSG and ACS (Provisioning) will remain IPv4-only in a cloud behind SPs IPv6 network Leverage existing SPs operations practices within the private IPv4 only network FAP will implement algorithm based on RFC3484 to determine if IPv6 is the preferred route (e.g. native IPv6 v.s. 6to4). FAP operational reachability for both cases

Spilt operations and diagnostic models IPv4 ping, trace route, IPv4 tools work as is, as currently possible within NAT environments IPv6 ICMP translator is required for simple diagnostic tools ping, traceroute DNS46 and NAT46 translators are added on FAP for IPv6-bound packets DNSv6 and NAT64 servers will be added by 3G SP to translate packets back to IPv4
If IPv6 is to be used, a tunnel will be built through NAT46 and NAT64 services.

Both IPv6 & IPv4 will be provided to cell phones on data connections (capable now)
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Step 2: Dual Stack to Enable Native IPv6

Customers ISP has IPv6 WAN Step 2 and Step 1 both have same considerations. IPv6 will be enabled by applications peer-to-peer on phases
IPv6 IPsec from FAP to WSG
(IPv4 inside tunnel) (IPv6 inside tunnel)
3G stack IPv6 support from FAP to AC
TR-069 IPv6 support from FAP to ACS (Provisioning)
NAT46 & NAT64 to be decommissioned when all services are upgraded to support IPv6
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Step 1: FAP Translator Module Details

This solution has minimum change on IP Access stack. NAT46 & DNS46 Translator module is added in FAP IPv6 operations:
Translator module get IPv6 address from Internet SP through SLAAC mechanism used on the home GW. Visibility success/failure, logging, IP assignment life cycle (thrashing) Translator module replaces IPv4 header to IPv6 for outbound traffic and reverse versa. Success/failure logging, statistics
Translator module will implement algorithm (RFC3484) to decide if DNS46 & NAT46 module should be enabled.
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Scenario I: 4-4-4 NAT Solution (Current)

Get Info on Current Operational and Management Tools/Procedures. Leverage Forward as Possible.
Home Network
Home GW NAT44 Femto CPU IPv4-Private Router CPU IPv4 IPv4 7600 ACE DMZ/WSG (VIP)
SP A Network
SP B Network
AC/FGW IPv4-Public IPv4-Private BAC (ACS) NTP
IPv4-Only Private
Router CPU get IPv4 address assigned from Home GW Femto CPU get IPv4 address from Router CPU IPv4 NAT or NAPT on SP 7600 before ACE
Note: We Must Support Combinations of All Three Scenarios as Below

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Scenario II: 4-6-4 NAT Solution

ARIN IPv6 -
Employs v4 to v6 translation at Translator Module and v6 to v4 at 7600. Translator Module configuration. 1. 2. ISP IPv6 prefix/address (SLAAC assigned) Learn AT&T 7600 IPv6/v4 address from DNS
Femto CPU configuration same as normal
Service providers may have IPv6 transit or peering, but those connections may not be dual-stacked and so IPv6 operates over a separate physical interface than the IPv4 traffic. The IPv6 path is more circuitous than IPv4 because of suboptimized routes to get to the target node. Because there are so (comparatively) few IPv6 links, the physical path to the target mode may be indirect. The service provider may have less-optimized transit or peering links than IPv4, and so while they may have IPv4 peering with Company A and B, they may not have IPv6 peering with Company B. An intermediate router(s) may not be able to route IPv6 in hardware but only in software, and relatively low levels of traffic may bring the router to a very high level of CPU utilization resulting in lower IPv6 throughput. The service provider may be using tunnelling or 6to4. http://www.getipv6.info/index.php/Troubleshoot_IPv6_Issues
SLAAC Diagnose Capability - Logging
Ping, Traceroute, MIBS Syslog QoS Interworking Authenticated Peers
Round Trip Delay Monitor
Home Network
IPv4-Only Private
SLAAC Link Local IPv6 1) Preferred 2) Deprecated
ISP Network (e.g. SP A')

Home GW
DHCP or Manual Global Unique IPv6
SP B Network
6 -4 Nat on 7600 Consider PPS
AC/FGW BAC (ACS) NTP
IPv6-Public
IPv4-Public IPv4-Private
NAT46
Assigned IPv4
SP IPv6 IPv6
NAT64 IPv6 7600 ACE DMZ/WSG (VIP)
Femto CPU
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Packet Walk-Through: 4-6-4 NAT

Home Network
Home GW NAT46 SP IPv6 Femto CPU Tranlator Module IPv6 IPv6
SP Network (eg. SP A)
SP B Network
AC IPv4-Public IPv6-Public NAT64 7600 ACE DMZ WSG (VIP) IPv4-Private BAC (ACS) NTP
IPv4-Only Private
1. Femto CPU sends DNSv4 packet to find ACS IP address. Translator Module translate the request to both DNSv4 and DNSv6 to get both address. Only the IPv4 address will be passed to Femto CPU. The mapping will be saved in the translation table for future usage. 2. Femto CPU sends IPv4 packet to SPs ACS IPv4 address. Source IP is private IPv4 provided by Translator Module. Destination IP is public IPv4 provided by SPs DNS server. 3. Translator Module takes the packet and do the NAT46 translation. Source IP will be IPv6 address derived from home gateway. Destination IPv6 address will be matched on the NAT46 table. The packet will have IPv6 header replacing IPv4 header. The destination IP will be routed to NAT64 server in SP's network. 4. The IPv6 packet arrive at 7600 and NAT64 translate IPv6 destination through algorithm or stateful mapping to ACSs IPv4 address. The source IP address is translated to private IP of NAT64 server on IPv4 side. The IPv6 header is replaced by IPv4 header and sends to ACS. NAT64 server maintains static/dynamic mappings for the address translation. 5. ACS received the IPv4 packet and establish session with NAT64 servers IPv4 address and port number.
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Scenario III: 4-6-4-6-4 NAT Solution (Not Ideal, Better Use Native IPv4)
Home Network
6RD Home GW NAT46 SP 6RD IPv6 Translator Module
SP Network (e.g. SP A or B)
BR IPv4 & 6RD IPv6
SP B Network
AC/FGW IPv4-Public IPv6-Public NAT64 IPv6 7600 ACE DMZ WSG (VIP) IPv4-Private BAC (ACS) NTP
IPv4-Only Private
Femto CPU
IPv4 infrastructure in customer ISP network ISP supports IPv6 through 6RD IPv4 tunnel provided for IPv6 traffic between 6RD Home GW and 6RD BR (Border Relay)
Employs v4 to v6 translation at Translator Module and v6 to v4 at ACE. Translator Module & Femto CPU configuration same as Scenario II. MTU size will become smaller !!
Need IPv6 Path MTU discovery

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Summary
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Summary
RAN-Gateway Approach by Standards Bodies, 3GPP and Femto Forum Makes It Easy to Integrate with the Existing Macrocell and Service Providers Core Node Network
Femtocell Will Be an Integral Part of Large Scale LTE Deployments
Future Networks Supporting the Mobile Internet Will Need to Seamlessly Integrate a Lot More Smaller Cells
In Addition, Key Directions Will Be Considered for Further Evolution:

Alignment with SAE/LTE with delivery of femto HeNBGW Local breakout support Integration of Pico/Femto with enterprise solutions
Femto Success = Seamless Integration with Macro, Auto-Provisioning, Ease of Use and Self Optimization
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Further Reading
IP Design for Mobile Networks, ISBN: 978-1-58705-826-4 or 978-1-58705-937-7 Plan Your Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network Deployment, coming late this year, ISBN: 978-1-58714-282-1 Building the Mobile Internet, ISBN: 978-1-58714-243-7 or 9780-13-139050-8 Recommended Breakout Sessions in Cisco Live 2011:
BRKSPM-5143 IPv4-Exhaustion and IPv6-Transition in Mobile Networks BRKSPM-5288 LTE Design and Deployment Strategies BRKSPM-5244 Mobile Video Optimization and Delivery BRKSPM-5149 Next Gen Datacenter for Mobile Operators BRKSPM-5293 Mobile Multimedia, Messaging and Voice over LTE BRKSPM-2483 Deploying Timing Services in Packet based Networks TECSPM-2188 Next Generation Mobile Networks TECSPM-3040 Enabling an Intelligent Mobile Network
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Receive 25 Cisco Preferred Access points for each session evaluation you complete. Give us your feedback and you could win fabulous prizes. Points are calculated on a daily basis. Winners will be notified by email after July 22nd. Complete your session evaluation online now (open a browser through our wireless network to access our portal) or visit one of the Internet stations throughout the Convention Center. Dont forget to activate your Cisco Live and Networkers Virtual account for access to all session materials, communities, and on-demand and live activities throughout the year. Activate your account at any internet station or visit www.ciscolivevirtual.com.
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Visit the Cisco Store for Related Titles http://theciscostores.com
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Thank you.
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3G/4G Femtocell Architecture and Design

BRKSPM-5127 Dave Burns

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Cisco Femtocell Key Features Cisco Femtocell Architecture Evolution Summary

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Femto Introduction and Review

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Femtocell Picocell Macrocell

Focus of this topic is Femtocell

Compare and contrast with Macrocell, Picocell

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Wireless Core (MSC,SGSN)

Macro Cellular Network

Connects to the Core Network via the Internet

Femtocell Home Node B

Femto Cellular Network

Femtocell Deployment to Accelerate

Mass Market Femtocell Adoption

Sources Infonetics, (03/09)

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

In Summary: Why Femto?

Hierarchical Networks are the Only Answer

Capacity Average Macro Cell Efficiency Spectrum

1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Femtocells Reduce Costs

Femtocells Have Many Cisco Adjacencies

Dollar cost per subscriber

Increasing Price and Complexity

Enterprise Adjacency to Connected Enterprise

kbps per subscriber

Adjacency to Connected Home

Other FAP Partners

Mobile Operator Opportunities With Femto

Increasing Revenue/Reducing Churn

Improving In-Home Coverage

Mobile Operator Opportunities With Femto

Connected Home Services Secure Remote IP Access (RIPA)

Mobile Operator: Femto Market Insertion*

Connected Enterprise / UC Standalone Femto

Service Adoption Timeline

*Based on Operators feedback and present industry direction

Smaller Cells for Increased Capacity

Various status and gains with the options

Projected Femtocell CPE Shipment

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Projected Femtocell CPE Price per Unit

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Balance Femto Positioning to Both Sides of the Equation

Sample of Femto Commercial Offers

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

BEST COMMERCIAL FEMTO LAUNCH AT&Ts 3G MicroCell National Deployment

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Organisations and Standards Bodies Involved in Femtocell

Femto Forum Activities

Femto Forum current focus

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

FemtoForum Reference Architecture

HPLMN Core Network

Femto Access Point

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

3GPP Femto Standards Content

Standard interfaces to the core network Access control