Pride and Joy

AP Biology Human Genetics and Reproduction Activity

In this activity, you will explore concepts related to human reproduction and embryonic development over the nine months between the beginning of school and the AP exam in May. You will also learn to employ the principles of Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance to understand why offspring end up with the phenotypes and genotypes that they do. You will also determine the sex of your child by performing a karyotype. Using probability and chance, you will determine the blood type of your baby. You will also learn about human genetic disorders during this activity, as your child will inherit a genetic disorder during the course of the activity. This activity will count as one test grade and one project grade in the 4th quarter due to the amount of work you will do and the number of concepts it covers. The following things will be turned in as a part of the grade:

1. Babys Nine Month Development Journal 2. Babys Birth Announcement 3. Babys Birth Certificate 4. Babys Karyotype Sheet 5. Karyotype questions 6. Doctors Letter 7. Genetic Disorder Report 8. Special Needs Letter 9. Completed Parent Information Sheets for both parents 10. Completed Zygote Information Sheet 11. Babys First Portrait 12. Babys Genetics Problems Set
Karyotyping A karyotype is a picture of the chromosomes found in cells. These cells have been allowed to grow in culture, and then their growth is arrested at metaphase, when the chromosomes are most visible. These chromosomes are then photographed, and pairs made according to size and banding pattern. They are then arranged in order from largest to smallest. They are grouped with chromosomes of similar size and banding pattern and a picture of them is made that looks like this one:

From this picture, a doctor or geneticist can determine what the persons sex is, and whether or not there are any apparent chromosomal abnormalities such as a deletion, translocation or duplication. Obtaining cells for fetal karyotyping is done using a procedure known as amniocentesis. During an amniocentesis, a needle is used to penetrate the mothers uterus and a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the amniotic sac. Fetal skin cells are found in the fluid. The fluid is centrifuged and the cells separated from the liquid, removed and cultured as described above. For the first part of this activity, you and your partner will be given a chromosome smear of your baby. You will then construct a karyotype from the chromosome smear, which will help you determine the sex of your child. Karyotyping Procedure 1. Get a chromosome smear and karyotyping form from your teacher. There should only be one smear and form per pair of students. 2. Using a pair of scissors, cut out each chromosome, leaving only a small margin around each one. Your karyotype must be neat and clean looking when it is finished, and this will help ensure that it will be professional looking and easy to read. 3. Together, you and your partner need to match up the chromosomes you cut out based on their size and banding patterns. You need to arrange them so that they look somewhat like the example given above. Your karyotype may have extra chromosomes, or it may have some missing. It will depend on which smear you and your partner have picked out. 4. Carefully tape down the chromosome pairs to their appropriate spot on the karyotyping sheet. Use the grouping descriptions on the karyotyping sheet to help you place the chromosomes into the correct groups. Chromosomes should be laid down so that their centromeres are centered on the line above the pair number and they should be laid down neatly before being taped down. DO NOT TAPE DOWN CHROMOSOMES UNTIL YOU ARE CONFIDENT THAT THEY BELONG TOGETHER AND THAT THEY ARE IN THE CORRECT ORDER! 5. When you are done, determine the sex of your child from the karyotype you have created. Record this information on your karyotyping form. Also note if there are

from http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/zooweb/Phelps/ZWK99004k.jpeg

any chromosomal abnormalities. Be sure to do a good job, as this not only counts as a part of your test grade but will count as a lab grade as well. If your child DOES have a chromosomal abnormality You will need to do a little research about your childs disorder so that you can adequately prepare for any special needs your child may have upon his/her arrival. You will need to fill out the Genetic Disorders Report and attach it to your project. You will also need to prepare a letter addressed to one of the following people: 1. Home health aide/home health nurse 2. Preschool teacher 3. School teacher (K-12)

To whom you address your letter to will depend on the life span of your child. For genetic disorders which are not immediately fatal, you may choose any one of the three people above to write to. In the body of the letter, you need to explain the following to this person: 1. What your childs disorder is 2. How this disorder affects your childs quality of life 3. Any medical treatment your child may need to have administered while in the care of this person (i.e., medications given, specialized diet, therapeutic treatments) 4. If the child is able to, and attends school, any symptoms the child may demonstrate that will affect their ability to function in a learning environment 5. If the child is able to, and attends school, any sort of accommodations that must be made in order to make your childs learning experience a positive and productive one This letter must be typed and written with a professional tone. It must be at least one page in length with an appropriate salutation and closing. If your child DOES NOT have a chromosomal abnormality You will receive a letter from the doctors office informing you as to what your childs disorder is. Then you will also need to do a little research about your childs disorder so that you can adequately prepare for any special needs your child may have upon his/her arrival. You will need to fill out the Genetic Disorders Report and attach it to your project. You will also have to write the letter as described above. Now Heres the Genetics: Day Two Now that you know what the sex of your child is, and what any possible chromosomal defects might be, you and your partner will deliver your baby in class, without the pain or mess. To do this, you will need to do the following: 1. Between the two of you, decide who will represent the father and who will represent the mother. 2. Get a blue cup and mark it as sperm and get a red cup and mark it as egg. 3. The mother partner should get a pink chromosome sheet and the father partner should pick up a blue chromosome sheet. 4. Using the Human Phenotype and Genotype guide, each parent should determine their own phenotypes for their physical characteristics. a. NOTE #1: You need to use your natural eye and hair color when attempting to determine your phenotype for these characteristics. b. NOTE #2: If you are dominant for a trait, then flip a coin to determine if you are heterozygous or homozygous for that trait. 5. On the appropriate Parent Information sheet, in the spaces provided, you need to write down what your phenotype and genotype are for each trait. 6. Now, using the appropriate chromosome model sheet, write down the alleles for each genotype in the gene spaces provided on the model. 7. Cut out the chromosomes. Cut along the dashed lines to separate the genes from one another and place them into the cup which represents you.

8. Now, both parents will randomly draw genes from their cups and place them on the zygote sheet to create a complete zygote. Tape the genes to the appropriate chromosome space on the zygote sheet. This now represents a diploid pair of chromosomes present in the fertilized egg, or zygote. 9. Fill out the birth certificate and birth announcement for your child. Give your child a name, because the baby cant go home from the hospital without one!

Determining Childs Blood Type Recall that the major blood groups are: A B AB O You will now determine the blood type of your baby. You will need two different coins in order to perform this activity. NOTE: 1. Heads on coin #1 is the A allele; tails on coin #1 is the O allele. 2. Heads on coin #2 is the B allele; tails on coin #2 is the O allele. Flip both coins to determine your childs blood type and write it in the space provided on the zygote sheet. Babys First Portrait Using the information you have collected, you and your partner will need to construct a portrait of your child which reflects the phenotypes from the genotypes you determined in the lab. It should be accurate and in color. Use the space provided to draw your babys portrait. A head and shoulders shot (bust) of the baby will suffice. The portrait must be large enough to be seen at a good distance. In other words, do not draw a tiny baby head! Also, no stick drawings of your child will be acceptable, as this does not reflect the phenotypes your baby will possess. Baby Genetics Problems You may work with your partner to solve the genetics problems attached but you must use YOUR OWN GENOTYPE when solving the problems. Therefore, when this project is turned in, you will turn in two sets of solved genetics problems, not just one. What Gets Turned In and How Here is what you will turn in and in what order and how: How: In a folder with brads (not a report cover; things will fall out and get lost) Make sure that whatever is required to be typed is typed. Anything that is handwritten must be NEATLY WRITTEN.

What Order Should it be in the Folder? Page 1. Cover Sheet Page 2. Table of Contents Page 3. Babys Nine Month Development Journal Page 4. Babys Delivery Journal Page 5. Baby Shower Party Plans Page 6. Babys Birth Announcement Page 7. Birth Certificate (neatly handwritten) Page 8. Babys Karyotype Sheet (neatly handwritten) Page 9. Karyotyping Questions (both parents answer these) Page 10. Doctors Letter given to you in class by Mrs. Berkeley Page 11. Genetic Disorder Report Page 12. Special Needs Letter Page 13. Completed Parent Information Sheet for Father Page 14. Completed Parent Information Sheet for Mother Page 15. Completed Zygote Information Sheet with blood type Page 16. Babys First Portrait Page 17. Babys Genetics Problems (there should be two sets, completed by each parent.)

Our

AP Biology Baby

Was conceived: August 18, 2008 Was born: May 11, 2009

Mothers Name: _______________________ Fathers Name: _______________________

Name Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2

Table of Contents . Babys 1st Month Page 3 Babys 2nd Month . Page 4 Babys 3rd Month . Page 5 Babys 4th Month .. Page 6 Babys 5th Month .. Page 7 Babys 6th Month .. Page 8 Babys 7th Month .. Page 9 Babys 8th Month .. Page 10 Babys 9th Month .. Page 11 Babys Delivery Journal Page 12 Babys Shower Party.. Page 13 Babys Birth Announcement Page 14 Birth Certificate . Page 15 Karyotyping Form .. Page 16 Karyotyping Questions . Page 17 Doctors Letter Page 18 Genetic Disorder Report Page 19 Special Needs Letter . Page 20 Parent Information Sheets Page 21 Zygote Information Sheet Page 22 Babys First Portrait .. Page 23 Babys Genetics Problems Set Page 24

BABYS 1ST MONTH

READING
Campbell pp. 465, 987-990; Nine Month Miracle handout
1) Secure an image of your babys

first month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

If a boy, what are 3 possible baby names? If a girl, what are 3 possible baby names?

BABYS 2ND MONTH

READING
Campbell pp. 967-968; Nine Month Miracle handout
1) Secure an image of your babys

2nd month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

READING

BABYS 3RD MONTH

Campbell pp. 269-270, 274-275; Nine Month Miracle handout

1) Secure an image of your babys

3rd month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

READING
Campbell pp. 967-968; Nine Month Miracle handout

BABYS 4TH MONTH

1) Secure an image of your babys

4th month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

READING
Campbell pp. 274-275; Nine Month Miracle handout

BABYS 5TH MONTH

1) Secure an image of your babys

5th month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

READING
Campbell pp. 970-972; Nine Month Miracle handout

BABYS 6TH MONTH

1) Secure an image of your babys

6th month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

BABYS 7TH MONTH

READING
Nine Month Miracle handout
1) Secure an image of your babys

7th month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

BABYS 8TH MONTH

READING
Campbell pp. 269, 274, 293; Nine Month Miracle handout
1) Secure an image of your babys

8th month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

READING

BABYS 9TH MONTH

Campbell p. 971; Nine Month Miracle handout

1) Secure an image of your babys

9th month then insert it into the space to the left.

2) Label any special features

identifiable on your photo.

Replace this paragraph with information about your new baby in terms of its size, physical features, and any other relevant biological information.

BABYS DELIVERY JOURNAL BABYS 2ND MONTH

Describe the process of childbirth for the mother:

Describe the process of childbirth for the child:

What are some ways that the process of birth may need to be assisted and why would they be used?

BABYS SHOWER PARTY

BABYS 2ND MONTH

Your pair must come up with one (1) baby shower game to be played on the date of the delivery. List that game here:

TELL US EVERYTHING YOU CAN ABOUT YOUR NEW BABY!

BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT

Congratulations! You are the new parents of a baby ____________.

(fill in babys sex here)

Our new babys name is _________________________. _____________________ was born on Monday, May 11, 2009 at Torrance Memorial Hospital at 6:47 pm. __________________________ weighed __________________ and is
(babys name here) weight, in pounds and ounces

____________________ long. _________________________ has

(length in inches) (babys name here)

________ eyes and ______________ hair.

(eye color) (babys hair color)

We are very excited to be taking ______________________ home with us.

(babys name here)

Official Seal of Approval!

_________________________ CERTIFICATE OF LIVE BIRTH _________________________

STATE BIRTH CERTIFICATE NUMBER CERTIFICATE NUMBER STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH LOCAL

1a. Name of Childfirst name

THIS CHILD

1b. Middle Name

1c. Last Name

2. Sex

3a. This birth single, twin or triplet?

3b. if twin or triplet, this 4a. Date of birth child born 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc?

4b. Time:

May 11, 2009

1:45 pm
5c. Inside city limits?

PLACE OF BIRTH

5a. Place of BirthName of hospital

5b. Street Address

Presbyterian Hospital
5d. City or Town 6a. Mothers first name 7a. Residence of Mother

6001 Good Luck Road

5e. County

Yes Prince Georges

Riverdale
MOTHER OF CHILD

6b. Mothers last name 7b. Residence of MotherCounty

6c. Birthplace 7c. Inside city limits?

6001 Good Luck Road Riverdale, MD 20737

FATHER OF CHILD

Prince Georges
8b. Fathers last name

Yes
8c. Birthplace

8a. Fathers first name

9a. Residence of Father

9b. Residence of FatherCounty

9c. Inside city limits?

6001 Good Luck Road Riverdale, MD 20737

I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT I ATTENDANTS ATTENDED CERTIFICATIO THIS BIRTH AND THAT THE CHILD N WAS BORN ALIVE AT THE HOUR AND DATE STATED ABOVE. LOCAL REGISTRAR

Prince Georges

Yes
10b. Physicians Maryland License Number:

10a. Physician (or other person who attended this birth) Signature, Degree, and title Dawn L. Berkeley, MD

11b. Date accepted by registrar

11.

Local registrarSignature

Karyotyping Form

_________ 1

_________ 2

_________ 3

_________ 4

_________ 5

Group A: Very long chromosomes; centromere in center

Group B: Long chromosomes; centromere away from center

_________ 6

_________ 7

_________ 8

_________ 9

_________ 10

_________ 11

_________ 12

Group C: Medium length chromosomes; centromeres away from center

_________ 13

_________ 14

_________ 15

_________ 16

_________ 17

_________ 18

Group D: Medium length chromosomes; centromeres at or near very end _________ 19 _________ 20 _________ 21

Group E: Chromosomes somewhat short; centromeres away from center

_________ 22

_________ X

_________ Y

Group F: Short chromosomes; centromeres in center

Group G: Very short chromosomes; centromeres at or near end

Sex Chromosomes

Number of Chromosomes: _______________ Sex of Subject: ______________ Type of Disorder (if any):_____________________________

Karyotyping Questions
These questions plus your completed karyotype also count as a lab gradebe thorough in your answers! You should not have the exact same answers as your partner. Doing so will result in a zero for this assignment. 1. What diagnostic procedure is done to obtain cells for karyotyping of a fetus? Describe the procedure here. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ 2. Why would a doctor perform an amniocentesis? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 3. What is a trisomy? What is a monosomy? What causes these chromosomal aberrations to occur? During what cellular process do they occur? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ 4. Name two chromosomal abnormalities that can be diagnosed from a karyotype. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ____

Pediatric Associates of Riverdale

Dr. Dawn L. Berkeley, MD Dr. George Jetson, MD Dr. Betty Rubble, MD 6001 Good Luck Road Riverdale, MD 20737 (301)-HEALERS (432-5377) (972)-432-5378 fax web: http://www.docsforsickkids.net/ Healing sick kids keeps our business healthy.

Parents of Newborn 6001 Good Luck Road Riverdale, MD 20737 Dear Sir or Madam: We would like to thank you for your recent visit to our office. Unfortunately, upon your recent visit, we discovered some abnormalities with your childs lab work. After some preliminary post natal blood tests and careful observation, we believe that your child may have the following genetic abnormality: ___________________. We would like to see you and your child in our office as soon as possible for further tests, including a genetic profile. This will enable us to provide you with a more clear diagnosis as well as explore possible treatment options. We will also set up a meeting with our clinics genetic counselor, so that they can explain to you more about your childs condition. Please contact our office at your earliest convenience. Our office phone number is 301432-5377. Our secretary will graciously make an appointment that is most convenient for you. Yours truly,

Drs. Berkeley, Jetson and Rubble

Genetic Disorders Report

1. Name of disorder: ___________________________________________ 2. Chromosome location: Give the chromosome location and gene locus information. For example, Xq21 means the gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X at locus 21; 5p39 means that the gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 5 at locus 39. 3. List at least five symptoms/signs of this disorder. 4. How does a medical professional diagnose this disorder? What sorts of diagnostic tests are run to determine whether or not someone has this disorder? 5. Name at least 3 treatment options available for people with this disorder. These can include specialized medications, therapeutic treatments, therapies, or surgical treatments. 6. What is the prognosis for someone with this disorder? Include information regarding what their life expectancy might be, what their day to day life would be like, any special medications, diet, therapy, etc. that they might have to have. 7. What special needs/accommodations must be made for someone with this disorder in order to make daily living as normal as possible? 8. How does a person having this disorder affect the lives of their family members? Consider the following aspects of the life of the family, and how they are affected: emotional, physical, financial aspects.

Special Needs Letter

If your child DOES have a chromosomal abnormality You will need to do a little research about your childs disorder so that you can adequately prepare for any special needs your child may have upon his/her arrival. Prepare a letter addressed to one of the following people: 1. Home health aide/home health nurse 2. Preschool teacher 3. School teacher (K-12)

Fathers Phenotype and Genotype P1 Generation

Trait Face shape Hairline Hair type Hair color Eyebrow type Eyebrow shape Eye spacing Eye slant Eye color Eyelashes Nose shape Lips Ears Eye Set Phenotype Genotype

Parent Information Sheet: Father

Parent

Mothers Phenotype and Genotype P1 Generation

Trait Face shape Hairline Hair type Hair color Eyebrow type Eyebrow shape Eye spacing Eye slant Eye color Eyelashes Nose shape Lips Ears Eye Set Phenotype Genotype

Information Sheet: Mother

Zygote Sheet: F1 Generation

Tape the genes you drew from the cups to the spaces on this sheet.

Chromosome 1
Face shape

Chromosome 2
Face shape

Hairline

Hairline

Hair type

Hair type

Hair color (1st gene)

Hair color (1st gene)

Hair color (2nd gene)

Hair color (2nd gene)

Eyebrow type

Eyebrow type

Eyebrow shape

Eyebrow shape

Eye spacing

Eye spacing

Eye slant

Eye slant

Eye color (1st gene)

Eye color (1st gene)

Eye color (2nd gene)

Eye color (2nd gene)

Eyelashes

Eyelashes

Nose shape

Nose shape

Lips

Lips

Ears

Ears

Eye Set

Eye Set

Blood Type: ________________

Babys First Portrait

Draw a bust (head and shoulders only) portrait of your child in the space below. Remember, the phenotypes your child exhibits must be representative of the genotypes that you and your partner drew at random from the gamete cups.

Baby Genetics Problems

Monohybrid/Dihybrid Crosses and Sex-Linked Traits
A big day in the life of your family arrives when your child says to you, I went to Las Vegas over the weekend and now Im married! You immediately get excited because your child has finally married and will be moving out of your house soon. You have always wanted to have grandchildren to play with and spoil, and now the opportunity has potentially presented itself. In the problems below, construct Punnett squares to determine what the possible genotypes and phenotypes of your future grandchildren will be based on the genotypes of your child and his/her spouse. No credit for the problems will be granted if all your work is not shown in a Punnett square. Monohybrid Crosses 1. Your childs spouse has blood type AB. What are the possible blood types of your future grandchildren? Give all genotypes and phenotypes, with probabilities of each blood types occurrence. 2. Your childs spouse is heterozygous for the almond shaped eyes trait. What are the chances that you will have grandchildren with round eye shape? 3. Your childs spouse has short eyelashes. Will any of your grandchildren be born with short lashes? What is the probability that you will have grandchildren with short eyelashes? 4. Your new daughter-in-law /son-in-law has an oval face. Both of their parents are heterozygous for the oval face trait. What shape face will your grandchildren potentially have? 5. You have always thought that a hairline with a widows peak looked really cool. You are slightly disappointed that your new daughter-in-law /son-in-law does not have a widows peak. Will it ever be possible for any of your grandchildren to have a widows peak? Give the probabilities that this will occur. Dihybrid Crosses 1. For Thanksgiving this year, your child brings his/her new spouse over to your house for dinner. This is the first time you have met them and the feature you immediately notice about them is their striking green eyes. They also have blonde hair, which your child informs you is not their natural hair color. Their eyes are green with a reddish brown line around the pupil. Based on this, what eye colors are possible for any future children your child and his/her spouse may have? Give probabilities for each eye colors occurrence. 2. In addition to bringing their new spouse to your house for dinner, your child brings their in-laws with them since they are visiting from out of town. You have wondered what color your grandchildrens hair will be but are unsure if you can

determine it since you do not know the natural hair color of your childs new spouse. After speaking with and observing your new in-laws, you have been informed that your childs new spouse has a natural hair color of brownish blonde. What are the possible genotypes of your in-laws that could have produced this genotype in your new daughter-in-law /son-in-law?

Sex-linked Traits 1. Your father was a hemophiliac and your mother had normal blood clotting and was not a carrier for the hemophilia trait. What does this make your genotype for this trait? Both partners in this project must determine their genotype for this question, as the information gathered here will be used in the next question. 2. Once you have determined your genotype for the hemophilia trait, construct a Punnett square that shows the potential genotypes for your child for this trait. 3. Assume that your child possesses the normal blood clotting trait, and is not a carrier for the trait. What is the probability of your child and his/her new spouse having a child with hemophilia if the spouse is a hemophiliac themselves? 4. Your child was diagnosed as being colorblind back in elementary school because they had trouble seeing the colors red and green. Your new daughter-in-law /sonin-law has normal color vision, but they have a father who is color blind and a mother with normal color vision who is a carrier for the colorblindness trait since her father was colorblind as well. What is the genotype of your new daughter-inlaw /son-in-law? What are the genotypes of your daughter-in-law/son-in-laws parents? What is the probability that any one of your grandchildren will be colorblind?

Our