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P.

a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

BAI 9:

LAM VIEC VI D LIEU DANG BANG

Thong thng, i kem vi d lieu khong gian cua oi tng la d lieu thuoc tnh. Cac d lieu thuoc tnh nay la nhn g thanh phan mo ta cua cac oi tng. Tai mot iem neu ch nhn vao khong gian cua chun g th khong phan biet c iem nay la iem khong che hay la iem o ve, neu nhn vao mot manh at tren ban o se khong biet c ai la chu s dung cua manh at o. Qua o, ta thay rang d lieu thuoc tnh va d lieu khong gian co moi quan he mat thiet vi nhau. D lieu thuoc tnh c lu tr di dang bang. Bang la mot thanh phan c s d lieu cha tap hp cac han g va cot, moi hang hay mot record se ai dien cho mot oi tng khon g gian. Moi trng (field) hay cot se ai dien cho mot thanh phan thuoc tnh cua oi tng o. Bang c cha trong c s d lieu nh Arc/Info, Access, dBase, FoxPro, Oracle, SQL Server..... Ta dung bang e xem xet gia tr thuoc tnh cua cac oi tng khon g gian trong ArcMap. T bang nay co the chon chung trong ban o, hay co the cap nhat chun g khi thay oi v tr hnh hoc cua chung, nh khi chia nho tha hay thay oi dien tch cua no. Cac thanh phan c ban cua bang:

Mot bang thuoc tnh bao gom cac hang va cot. Trong bang nay cho phep chon trc tiep bang cach tro chuot vao cac record. Moi record ai dien cho mot oi tng khong gian. Trong bang con co mot he thong menu cung cap nhng thao tac tren bang. 9.1 M bang thuoc tnh cu a mot layer e xem thuoc tnh cua mot layer can phai m ban g thuoc tnh cua layer o. Mot khi m bang thuoc tnh roi th mi co the chon va tm nhng thuoc tnh ac trng cho moi oi tng. M bang Tren TOC, click phai chuot tren layer muon m bang thuoc tnh Chon Open Attribute Table. Chon nut Close tren goc tren ben phai cua man hnh e on g cua so ban g thuoc tnh.
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ong bang

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Them bang Khon g phai tat ca d lieu dang bang lien quan vi mot layer phai c lu tr trong bang thuoc tnh. Co the them d lieu dang bang nay trc tiep vao ban o nh mot bang. Nhn g bang nay khong hien th tren ban o, nhng no nam tren danh sach trong TOC cua tab Source. Thao tac tren nhn g bang nay giong nh tren nhng bang thuoc tnh oi tn g khong gian. Trong tab Source cho phep thay c ng dan tren moi d lieu. Moi khi them mot bang, co the click phai tren no e la chon, copy, xoa hay m no. Chon tren tab Source tren ban g TOC Chon button Add Data e chon bang muon them vao Trong TOC, click phai chuot chon Open e m no.

9.2 Hien th d lieu dang ba ng D lieu dang ban g c hien th nhieu ni trong ArcMap. Cac layer va ban g trong ArcMap cung cap d lieu dang bang cho TOC, hop thoai Identify, hop thoai Find, Legend. V vay cach hien th d lieu dang bang rat quan trong, can phai ieu chnh hien th giao dien cho phu hp. Khi chnh sa oi tng, nhng thiet lap ve giao dien hien th d lieu thuoc tnh se khong hien ra tren hop thoai Attribute. Bi v hop thoai Attribute c thiet ke e hien th cac thiet lap cua c s d lieu hn la giao dien than thien ma ta muon hien th trong ban o. Thay oi o ron g cua cot Tro con tro chuot ti g cua cot muon thay oi o rong Click va re chuot ti v tr mong muon Tha g cua cot tai v tr o. Click vao tieu e cua cot muon sap xep Click va re tieu e o ti v tr mong muon Tha tieu e tai v tr o. Click vao tieu e cua cot muon on g bang Click phai tren cot va chon va chon Freeze/Unfreeze Column. Neu field nam trong mot layer th click phai chuot tren tab Display va chon Properties Neu field nam trong mot ban g oc lap th click phai chuot tren tab Source va chon Properties

Sap xep lai cac cot trong bang

ong bang cot

nh b danh cho cot

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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Click tab Field. Chon han g cha field muon thay oi. Tai v tr Alias tng ng, nhap vao b danh muon nh cho field. Neu field nam trong mot layer th click phai chuot tren tab Display va chon Properties Neu field nam trong mot ban g oc lap th click phai chuot tren tab Source va chon Properties Click tab Field. Chon hang cha field muon thay oi. Tai v tr au cua moi field, chon vao hop kiem e nh field muon hien th.

nh cac field c hien th -

nh cach hien th d lieu dang so

Neu field nam trong mot layer th click phai chuot tren tab Display va chon Properties Neu field nam trong mot ban g oc lap th click phai chuot tren tab Source va chon Properties Click tab Field. Chon hang cha field muon thay oi. Chon Button hien th hop thoai Number Format Chon kieu hien th muon nh trong field Click OK. e

9.3 ieu khien giao dien cua ba ng nh kch thc va font ch cua text trong bang Click Option trong ca so bang va chon Appearance
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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Click vao thanh xo Table Font va chon font muon hien th Click vao thanh xo Table Font Size va chon kch thc muon hien th Click OK. Click vao menu Tool va chon Option Chon tab Table Click vao thanh xo Table Font va chon font muon hien th Click vao thanh xo Table Font Size va chon kch thc muon hien th Click OK. Click Option trong ca so bang va chon Appearance Trong thanh xo Selection Color click vao mau muon s dun g Trong thanh xo Highlight Color click vao mau muon s dung khi chon trong bang ch hien th cac oi tng chon Click OK.

nh kch thc va font ch cua text cho tat ca cac bang

nh mau chon cho ban g

9.4 Sap xe p cac record Sap xep lai cac record cho phep hnh dung cac thong tin mot cach co qui luat hn. V du khi co mot so lng thong tin ln viec xem het cac gia tr thong tin se mat nhieu thi gian. Sau khi sap xep lai cac thong tin theo gia tr tang dan hay giam dan, se thay c gia tr ln nhat hay nho nhat. Co the sap lai da theo nhieu trng. Trong trn g hp nay can phai sap xep lai th t cua cac trng theo th t sap xep la t trai sang phai. Khi sap xep lai chung chon trng th nhat e sap xep, khi gap nhng gia tr trung nhau tren trn g th nhat th se c sap xep tiep tuc tren trn g th hai. Sap xep cac record theo mot trng Click tren o tren cun g cua cot can sap xep Click phai tren trng nay e chon kieu sap xep Sort Ascending hoac Sort Descending

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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Sap xep cac record theo nhieu trng Sap xep lai cac trng theo th t u tien . Cot nao sap xep trc se ben trai cua cot sap xep th hai Chon tieu e cua cot th nhat muon sap xep Nhan Ctrl va chon tieu e cua cot tiep theo Tng t, co the chon tat ca cac cot muon sap xep Click phai tren nhng cot sap xep o va chon kieu sap xep Sort Ascending hay Sort Descending.

9.5 Chon oi tng trong ba ng Co nhieu cach chon oi tng trong ArcMap. Mot trong cac cach chon oi tn g la thong qua bang thuoc tnh. Ta co the trc tiep chon oi tng trong bang, hoac co the chon thon g qua mot vai ieu kien truy van. T nhng record chon co the tao mot layer hay bang mi. Trc tiep chon record tren bang M bang thuoc tnh cua layer Click vao cot ben trai gan g cua bang e chon oi tng Neu muon chon nhng oi tng lien tiep th nhap phm Shift khi chon, con chon oi tng ri rac th nhan phm Ctrl.

Chon record trong ban g theo nhn g thuoc tnh

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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Click Option trong ca so Table muon thc hien truy van va chon Select By Attributes Tren thanh xo Method, chon phng thc chon oi tng Nhap up vao Field muon chon Chon toan t Logic tng ng Click vao button Get Unique Values, nhap up vao gia tr muon chon. Hoac co the nhap gia tr trc tiep vao bieu thc Click Verify e kiem tra lai bieu thc truy van co hp le khong Click Close. Click Option va chon Select All. Click Option va chon Clear Selection. Click Option va chon Switch Selection.

Chon tat ca record Bo chon cac record Hoan oi record a chon

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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

9.6 Tao ba ng mi vi cac record a cho n Trong ArcMap, ta co the xuat cac record a chon trong ca so Table. Khi can chnh sa cac record ma khong thay oi nguon d lieu cua no, co the xuat no sang mot bang mi. Ta co the tao c mot so nh dang ban g sau: dBase INFO Bang cua geodatabase File text. M bang thuoc tnh Click Options va chon Export Tren thanh xo Export chon kieu xuat oi tng Selected Records hoac All Records Click Browse e chon th muc hay Geodatabase muon oi tn g c xuat lu vao Tren thanh xo Save Type chon kieu nh dan g muon xuat d lieu Nhap ten cua bang muon xuat Click Save.

Xuat oi tng

9.7 Them va xoa field, record Khi m mot bang can sap xep lai th t cac field. V du, co the tang hay giam o rong cua cot cho phu hp hay an i mot cot, sap xep lai cac record theo th t tan g dan hay giam dan da tren mot hay nhieu cot. Ta co the them hoac xoa field neu co quyen truy cap va viet tren d lieu o, khon g trong trang thai chnh sa cua ArcMap, khong co mot chng trnh nao truy cap ti ban g nay. Them field

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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Chon Option tren bang muon them field Chon Add Field Nhap ten cua field Tren thanh xo Type chon kieu d lieu can lu tr nh cac thuoc tnh cua field neu thay can thiet Click Ok. Click phai tren au cua field trong bang muon xoa field Chon Delete Field Chon Yes cho hop thoai muon xac nhan ban co muon xoa field.

Xoa field

Trong qua trnh thc hien thao tac chnh sa tren bang, co the chnh sa ban g bang nhieu cach. Co the tao mot record mi hay xoa mot record a co san, chnh sa nhng gia tr tren nhn g record, copy hay paste cac gia tr gia cac record. e lam ieu nay can phai chon Start Editing tren thanh cong cu Edittor.

Them record Chon Start Editing tren thanh cong cu Editor M bang muon them Record Chon vao button Move to End ong them vao. . Khi o, se thay mot Record tron g c t

Xoa record Sau khi Start Editing tren thanh cong cu Editor Click phai tren Record muon xoa va chon Delete. Chon gia tr tren ban g muon copy Click phai chuot tren gia tr muon copy va chon Copy Click phai chuot tren o muon paste gia tr va chon Paste.

Copy va paste gia tr

9.8 Tnh toan tre n field Nhap gia tr mi bang keyboard khong phai la cach duy nhat e chnh sa d lieu. Co mot so trn g hp , phai thc hien tnh toan gia tr tren mot trng hoac co the chnh sa ong loat tren mot so record nh trc. Tnh toan gia tr tren field cung cho thc hien cong viec tnh toan bang cach s dung nhng cau lenh cua VBScript e chon loc d lieu trc khi tnh toan. Cun g co the lu lai cach la chon tren mot file khac e nhng project co the s dung.

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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Tnh toan n gian - Chon nhn g Record muon cap nhat Click phai tren tieu e cua field muon thc hien tnh toan. Chon Calculate Value, hop thoai Calculate Value se c hien ra

Chon mot field khac tren bang neu nh muon tnh toan record cua trng nay bang mot trng khac. T nhng gia tr trng nay cung co the thc hien mot so ham e tao mot gia tr mi. Khi thc hien tnh toan, tuy theo loai d lieu chon kieu ham.

Tnh toan phc tap

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Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Chon trn g muon thc hien tnh toan Neu muon tnh toan tren mot so record th chon no. Ngc lai ArcMap se tnh toan toan bo cac record Click phai tren ten field va chon Calculate Values Chon vao hop kiem Advance Nhap nhng cau lenh VBScript vao trong hop Text Nhap vao gia tr hoac bien ma nhn g Record Select c chon bang.

9.9 Join va Relate Phan ln cac d lieu c to chc di dang nhieu bang lien ket vi nhau. Cac bang nay c xay dn g theo nhng oi tng lien quan cua c s d lieu. Mac dau, co the xay dng tat ca c s d lieu trong mot bang. ieu nay lam cho d lieu tr nen d tha va chiem dung ln g rat ln. V the vi cac bang rieng biet nhau khi can thiet ch can join chung lai vi nhau e chon thong tin. Join c xay dn g tren nguyen tac gia tr giong nhau co c tren ca hai bang. Ten field co the khac nhau nhng gia tr trong no phai giong nhau. Co the join d lieu bang cac gia tr dang string ti string, so ti so. Khi join th gia tr trong nhng cot Join khong c thay oi. Ta ch co the thay oi gia tr trong bang nguon, va no se t ong cap nhat trong ban g join. Khi join oi tng se thiet lap cac quan he gia cac gia tr trong bang. Quan he nay co the la mot mot, nhieu mot. Ta co the noi cac d lieu t nhng d lieu co san trong ArcMap. Co hai loai join V tr Thuoc tnh.

Khi cac layer tren ban o khong chia se nhau cac field chung th co the thc hien join chung lai vi nhau bang khong gian. Cai nay goi la join theo v tr. Ta co the join theo nhieu cach: Tm oi tng gan nhat cua oi tn g nay
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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Tm oi tng nam trong oi tng nay Tm oi tng giao vi oi tng nay.

Ben canh join con co mot dang quan he khac na la relate. Khon g gion g nh join, relate khong noi d lieu trong hai ban g lai vi nhau. No ch n gian tao mot moi quan he gia hai bang bang cach chon oi tn g co gia tr giong nhau trong hai bang ma thoi. V du: moi tnh trong mot quoc gia co the co nhieu phn g, quan huyen, khi chon oi tn g tnh th theo quan he tat ca cac quan huyen trong tnh o se c chon. nhieu Relate co the tao quan he gia cac bang theo quan he mot nhieu hoac nhieu

Join gia tr gia hai bang

Click phai tren Layer hoac bang muon join, chon Joins and Relates, va click Join Chon Join attributes from a table trong thanh xo au tien Click tren thanh xo th hai e chon Field cua Layer ma Join se noi gia tr ti Click tren thanh xo th ba e chon bang se Join Tren thanh xo th t, chon field cua bang se Join Click OK.

Xoa bo join
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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 9: Lam viec vi d lieu dang bang

Click phai tren Layer muon bo Join. Tro chuot ti Joins and Relates Tro chuot ti Remove Joins va chon Join muon xoa.

Tao relate gia hai bang

Click phai tren Layer hoac bang muon tao Relate, chon Joins and Relates, va click Relate Tren thanh xo au tien, chon Field tao Relate Tren thanh xo th hai, chon Layer hoac bang se Relate Tren thanh xo th ba, chon Field trong Layer hoac bang se Relate Nhap ten Relate trong hop thoai Click OK. M bang ma a nh Relate Chon nhn g Record muon hien th Relate Click vao menu Option, tro chuot vao Relates va chon Relate can thiet. Click phai tren Layer hoac ban g muon quan l Join va Relate, chon Properties Chon tab Joins & Relates.

Truy cap oi tng qua relate

Quan l join va relate

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