Math Reviewer:

(Topics: Set Language, Set of Real Numbers, Factoring, RAE, Statistics and Word Problems)

Set Language:
Set Notation and Kind of Sets:
A set is any group or collection of objects, and the members of a given set are called its elements. A set can be well-defined or not well-defined. A set is well-defined when the elements that it should contain are facts and not opinions. A set can either be infinite, finite, null or unit. It is an infinite set when the first, last or middle elements cannot be determined, a unit set if there is only one element and null if there is no element.

Set Relationships:
Two sets can be equal, equivalent, proper subset and improper subset. Two sets are equal when they have exactly the same elements, equivalent when they have the same number of elements but not the same elements, proper subset when one set has the elements of the other set but the other set has at least one more element and improper subset is an equal sets but the other set is still considered a subset of the other.

Set Operations:
The set operations are union, intersection and complement. Union is when you combine the elements of two sets, intersection is when you combine the similar elements of two sets. Given a universal set, this contains all the elements of two or more sets; the complement is all the elements of a universal set that are not contained in one of its proper subsets.

Venn Diagrams:
It is the representation of the set operations union intersection and complement. (The points given to this topic will be 0~1 points)

Set of Real Numbers:

Set of Natural and Whole Numbers:

The set of natural numbers is all the numbers to the right of zero in the number line (all of them are positive and symbol is N). The set of whole numbers is the set of natural numbers including zero (symbol is W).

Set of Integers:
The set of Integers are the set of whole numbers including negative numbers (symbol is Z or I).

Combined Operations:
This the GEMDAS rule where G stands for groups, E stands for exponents and roots, M and D stand for multiplication and division and A and S stand for addition and subtraction.

Set of Rational Numbers and Set of Irrational Numbers:

The set of Rational Numbers are the set of integers including all fractions, decimals and repeating decimals (symbol is Q). The set of Irrational Numbers is the complement of the set of Rational Numbers and it contains all decimals that are endless but doesnt have a repeating block of digits.

Set of Real Numbers:

It contains the set of Rational numbers and the set of Irrational numbers. Its complement is the set of Imaginary numbers and them combined makes the set of Complex numbers.
(The points given to this topic will be 0~2 points)

Factoring:
GCF:
Ex. (2x+2) to 2(x+1)

DOTS:
Follow the form: (x^2-y^2) to (x+y)(x-y)

SOTC and DOTC:

Follow the form: (x^3-y^3) to (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)

(x^3+y^3) to (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)

PST:
Follow the form: (x^2+2xy+y^2) to (x+y)^2

QT:
There are two types of QT, which have the form x^2+(a+b)x+ab and acx^2+(ad+bc)x+bd (take note that a, b, c and d are all constants but can be variables). Make use of the ac test when factoring the second form. The ac test, given this form ax^2+(a+c)x+c, is basically multiplying a and c then check if then check if the product of a and c can make the coefficient of the middle term (take note that the form given for ac test where a is equal to ac and c is equal to bd in the second form. Ex. x^2+10x+16 to (x+8)(x+2), 4x^2+ 15x+14 to (4x+7)(x+2)

Factoring by grouping:
Apply all the past factoring lessons but you group the terms so as to apply the factoring techniques. Ex. x^2+2xy+y^2-16x^4 to (x+y)^2-16x^4 to (x+y+4x^2)(x+y-4x^2) 8xy+4y+16x^2+8x to 4y(2x+1)+8x(2x+1) to (4y+8x)(2x+1)
(The points given to this topic will be 4~8 points)

RAE:
To simplify RAE you will have to make use of factoring. For the operations on RAE and complex fractions you will have to make use of the rules on the operation on fractions. For Rational Equations you will have to simple make use of the latter and also make it into a linear equation but keep in mind that the answer should not make the denominator equal to zero but if so the answer is called an extraneous root and there is no answer to the equation.
(The points given to this topic will be 6~10 points)

Statistics:
Measures of Central Tendency:

Mode is the most popular, Mean is the average, Median is the middle. To get the mode you just have to get the most frequent and the grouped mode is class mark of the most frequent class interval. To get the mean you have to add all the values and divide it by the number of values and the grouped mean you just have to follow the formula (x sub1 f sub-1)+(x sub-2 f sub-2)++(x sub-n f sub-n) all over total frequency (x is the class mark and f is the frequency). To get median you have the arrange the numbers from lowest to highest then get the central number but if there are two get the mean of the two numbers and the grouped mean follow the formula L+H/f(N/2-C) (L is lower boundary before the median class, H is the size/width of the median class, N is the total frequency, C is the cumulative frequency before the median class, f is the frequency of the median class and the median class is N/2 but if there is no cumulative frequency equal to N/2 then get the lowest cumulative frequency greater than N/2. Mean is used because it uses all the values in the data. Median is preferred over mean when there are extreme data. Mode is the least use and is only significant in large sets of data.

Measures of Dispersion:
The range is highest value minus lowest value. To get the variance, first, get the mean of the values. Then, subtract each value from the mean; the difference is called deviation. Then, square the each deviation. Finally, add the squared deviations then divide it by n-1 where n is the sample size. To get the standard deviation just get the square root of the variance and round it to the tenths digit or the lowest place value of the variance if the variance is a decimal. The variance considers the deviation of each observation from the mean. The standard deviation represents the variance in the form of raw data. The lower the value of the range, variance and standard deviation the better because it is less dispersed.

Word Problems:
For number problems always represent the number as 10x+y if it is a two-digit number or 100x+10y+z if it is a three-digit number. For age problems always represent the present, past and future. For Geometric Problems always remember the formula for the shape and represent it using the shape. For investment problems always represent it with I=PRT where I is the interest, P is the principle or the amount invested, R is the rate and T is the time. For mixture problems represent it as Amount of Solvent times the Concentration is equal to the Amount of Solute. For uniform motion problems represent it as RT=D and for work problems as RT=W (take note that the work done is always equal to 1).