ApplGuide For EN50126 - May 02 For SC9XB

CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
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Application Guide for EN 50126

Draft
May 2002
Application Guide for EN50126
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CONTENT
WORKING GROUP B11..........................................................................................................................1
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN50126.....................................................................................................1
CONTENT................................................................................................................................................2
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB............................................................................................................................1
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN 50126....................................................................................................1
DRAFT MAY 2002...................................................................................................................................1
TABLES.................................................................................................................................................90
TABLE 1: RAM FAILURE CATEGORIES 101......................................................................................90
TABLE 2: SIGNIFICANT FAILURE SPECIFICATION 102....................................................................90
TABLE 3: MAJOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION 103..............................................................................90
TABLE 4: MINOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION 103...............................................................................90
TABLE 5: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY SIGNIFICANT
(IMMOBILISING FAILURE) 105....................................................................................................................90
TABLE 6: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MAJOR (SERVICE
FAILURE) 106................................................................................................................................................90
TABLE 7: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MINOR 107.........................90
TABLE 8: QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTAINABILITY 108.........................................90
TABLE 9: PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS 110...............................90
TABLE 10: LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS 110....................................................................90
TABLE 11: MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS 111..................................................................90
TABLE 12: AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS 113...............................................................................90
FIGURES................................................................................................................................................90
FIG. 1 EXAMPLE OF RELIABILITY PREDICTION ANALYSIS SHEET 122.........................................90
FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET 127....................................90
FIG. 3 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SHEET FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY 129.....90
FIG. 4 EXAMPLE OF CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET 132...................................90
FIG. 5 EXAMPLE OF FMECA SHEET 135............................................................................................90
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FIG. 6 RAM PROGRAMME AND LIFE CYCLE PHASES 136..............................................................90

FIG. 7 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING ORGANISATION CHART FOR AN ELECTRICAL
MULTIPLE UNIT COACH 150.......................................................................................................................90
FIG. 8 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING THE TREE BREAKDOWN CHART FOR AN EMU
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) TRACTION VEHICLE 151.......................................................................90
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH 156.............................................................................................90
1
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................91
EN50126 IS LIKELY TO ENHANCE THE GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE ISSUES INVOLVED

IN ACHIEVING RAMS CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THE RAILWAY FIELD. IT DEFINES A
COMPREHENSIVE SET OF TASKS FOR THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF A GENERIC LIFE CYCLE FOR
A TOTAL RAIL SYSTEM. ALTHOUGH SOME OF THE EXAMPLES GIVEN IN THE ANNEXES OF EN
50126 ARE FOR ROLLING STOCK, THE STANDARD IS ESSENTIALLY AIMED AS A TOP LEVEL
RAILWAY SYSTEM DOCUMENT..................................................................................................................91
RAMS CHARACTERISTICS FOR ROLLING STOCK (I.E. ITS LONG TERM OPERATING
BEHAVIOUR PERFORMANCE), AS FOR ANY OTHER SYSTEM, FORMS AN IMPORTANT PART OF ITS
OVERALL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS. BUT THE CONSIDERATION OF RAMS, IN
CONTRACTUAL TERMS, BETWEEN A CUSTOMER / OPERATOR AND A SUPPLIER FOR THE
PROCUREMENT OF ROLLING STOCK HAS BEEN PROBLEMATIC. ALSO, IN ROLLING STOCK
CONTRACTS, THERE IS NOW A GREATER EMPHASIS ON THE IMPACT ON END CUSTOMERS OF
SERVICE FAILURES AND ON THE ECONOMIC AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS OF RAMS (I.E. THE
BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE)..........................................................................................................................91
ON THE OTHER SIDE, ALSO LIFE CYCLE COST IS BEING TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT TO SATISFY
THE CUSTOMER NEEDS AND TO HAVE A WIDE RANGE APPROACH...................................................91
LIFE CYCLE COST APPROACH REPRESENTS A HOLISTIC, TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP
PHILOSOPHY FOR ADDRESSING THE ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF
RAMS TO THE LCC OF ROLLING STOCK WOULD BE USED TO ALLOW THE ECONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS TO BE ADDRESSED....................................................................................................91
THEREFORE THE APPLICATION GUIDE TO EN50126, FOCUSING ON THE PROCUREMENT
ISSUES AND PROVIDING A COMMON APPROACH FOR CAPTURING THE DIFFERENT
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FROM AN OPERATOR/BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE, HAS BEEN
ESTABLISHED..............................................................................................................................................91
EN50126 IS A STANDARD WHICH TREATS THE OVERALL ASPECTS OF RAMS IN RAILWAY
BUSINESS. THE APPLICATION STANDARD SHALL PROVIDE GUIDANCE IN THE USAGE OF EN50126
AND SHALL PROVIDE CLARIFICATION WHERE EN50126 COULD BE MIS-INTERPRETED. ...............91
2
SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................92
THIS APPLICATION GUIDE PROVIDES A PRACTICAL BASIS AND APPROACH FOR:.................92
SPECIFYING RAM REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLLING STOCK ..........................................................92
ASSURING RAM PERFORMANCE FOR ROLLING STOCK, ..............................................................92
DEMONSTRATING RAM PERFORMANCES OF ROLLING STOCK ..................................................92
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THIS DOCUMENT IS ADDRESSED TO CUSTOMERS/OPERATORS AND SUPPLIERS OF ROLLING

STOCK, FOR DEALING WITH RAM ACTIVITIES DURING DIFFERENT PHASES FROM TENDER TO
DEMONSTRATION IN OPERATION.............................................................................................................92
THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE APPLICATION GUIDE IS:...................................................................92
1.
TO ENABLE A CUSTOMER/OPERATOR OF ROLLING STOCK.....................................................92
TO SPECIFY THE RAM REQUIREMENTS ADDRESSING THE TYPE OF OPERATION IN TERMS OF

THE END CUSTOMER NEEDS, CONSIDERING SERVICE AVAILABILITY AND ECONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS;......................................................................................................................................92
TO EVALUATE DIFFERENT TENDERS, IN TERMS OF RAM REQUIREMENTS, ON A COMMON
BASIS WITH THE AID OF SPECIFIC RAM DOCUMENTS;.........................................................................92
TO GAIN ASSURANCE, DURING DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT PHASE, THAT THE ROLLING STOCK
BEING OFFERED IS LIKELY TO SATISFY THE RAM CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS BY EXAMINING
STEP BY STEP DETAILED AND SPECIFIC RAM DOCUMENTS AS AN OUTPUT OF THE RAM
ACTIVITIES PERFORMED DURING THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE;..........................................................92
TO VALIDATE THAT THE ROLLING STOCK, AS DELIVERED, SATISFIES THE SPECIFIED RAM
REQUIREMENTS ..........................................................................................................................................92
2.
TO ENABLE THE SUPPLIER OF ROLLING STOCK........................................................................92

TO UNDERSTAND THE CUSTOMERS/OPERATORS RAM REQUIREMENTS..................................92
TO PROVIDE SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION/VISIBILITY IN A TENDER TO SHOW THAT THE

PRODUCT OFFERED IS LIKELY TO SATISFY THE RAM REQUIREMENTS BY PERFORMING
PRELIMINARY RAM ANALYSIS;..................................................................................................................92
TO PROVIDE SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION/VISIBILITY DURING DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT
PHASE TO SHOW THAT THE PRODUCT OFFERED IS LIKELY TO SATISFY THE RAM
REQUIREMENTS BY PERFORMING DETAILED RAM ANALYSIS;...........................................................92
TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE PRODUCT DELIVERED SATISFIES THE RAM REQUIREMENTS;
92
REGARDING SAFETY THIS APPLICATION GUIDE PROVIDES A REFERENCE LIST OF THE MOST
COMMON HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH OPERATION............................................................................92
REGARDING LCC (LIFE CYCLE COST) THIS APPLICATION GUIDE ESTABLISHES RAM KEY
PARAMETERS NECESSARY TO BE INCORPORATED INTO AN LCC MODEL........................................92
THIS APPLICATION GUIDE DOESNT ESTABLISH:...........................................................................92
RAM FIGURES CONNECTED TO THE DIFFERENT RAM REQUIREMENTS (HOWEVER THE
APPLICATION GUIDE CONTAINS A SIMPLE GUIDE LINE OF ACTIONS SUPPORTING THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS FOR CHOOSING APPROPRIATE FIGURES, SEE ITEM 8.4)....................................92
SPECIFIC RAM DOCUMENTS AND ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED (HOWEVER, THE
APPLICATION GUIDE WILL CONTAIN, AS AN EXAMPLE, TYPICAL FORM AND DATA OF SOME RAM
DOCUMENT TO BE INTENDED AS AN OUTPUT OF THE PERFORMED ANALYSIS)..............................93
3
NORMATIVE REFERENCES...............................................................................................................93
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EN50126.................................................................................................................................................93
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS THE SPECIFICATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF RELIABILITY,
AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY AND SAFETY (RAMS)........................................................................93
PR ENV 50127-1....................................................................................................................................93
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS - GUIDE TO THE SPECIFICATION OF A GUIDED TRANSPORT
SYSTEM. PART 1: GENERAL......................................................................................................................93
EN 60721-1............................................................................................................................................93
CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETERS AND THEIR SEVERITY.......................................................................................................93
4
INFORMATIVE REFERENCES............................................................................................................93
UNIFE LCC GROUP..............................................................................................................................93
SERIES OF DOCUMENTS FROM VOLUME I TO IV............................................................................93
DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................................................................93
THIS DOCUMENT ADOPTS THE SAME DEFINITIONS OF THE EN 50126........................................93
ANY OTHER DEFINITION NECESSARY WILL BE EXPLAINED AND INTRODUCED IN THIS

SECTION WHEN IT WILL BE USED.............................................................................................................93
PART NUMBER: IT IS ALPHANUMERIC, GENERALLY ASSIGNED BY THE SUPPLIER, TO
REPRESENT A FAMILY OF ITEMS WITH THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS OF FORM, FIT AND
FUNCTION. ...................................................................................................................................................93
6
APPROACH ADOPTED.......................................................................................................................93
THE APPROACH ADOPTED FOR EACH PHASE OF THE LIFE CYCLE TO SET UP AND
SUCCESSIVELY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE STANDARD IS TO RAISE THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS: ...............................................................................................................................................93
WHAT: WHAT ACTIVITIES / TASKS TO BE PERFORMED AND THE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS
TO BE PRODUCED .....................................................................................................................................93
WHO: WHO HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THESE ACTIVITIES / TASKS ................................93
HOW: WHICH TYPE OF METHOD OR TOOL TO BE USED .............................................................93
THIS PROCESS IS ADOPTED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GUIDE AND WILL BE APPLIED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STRUCTURE OF THE APPLICATION GUIDE............................................93
7
APPLICATION OF THIS GUIDE..........................................................................................................94

7.1 OBJECT OF THE APPLICATION.........................................................................................................................94
THIS DOCUMENT IS APPLICABLE TO ROLLING STOCK (TRAIN, COACH, LOCOMOTIVE, ETC)

AND TO ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK
ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS.................................................................................................94
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REFERRING TO THE ITEM 1.2 OF EN 50126, THE GUIDE IS APPLICABLE TO:.............................94

NEW ROLLING STOCK.........................................................................................................................94
MODIFICATION/REFURBISHMENT OF EXISTING ROLLING STOCK...............................................94
FOR USE BY RAILWAY AUTHORITIES AND THE RAILWAY SUPPORT INDUSTRY.......................94
FOR THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT ONLY, THE PREVIOUS TWO ITEM POINTS WILL BE
INDICATED WITH THE GENERIC TERM SYSTEM, COMPRISING THE COMPLETE SEQUENCE
SYSTEM-SUB-SYSTEM-COMPONENT OF THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE OF THE ROLLING
STOCK...........................................................................................................................................................94
7.2 ENTITIES INVOLVED.....................................................................................................................................94
THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT IS INDICATED BOTH FOR RAILWAY AUTHORITIES AND THE
RAILWAY SUPPORT INDUSTRY.................................................................................................................94
THE ENTITIES INVOLVED WITHIN THE LIFE CYCLE PHASES CAN BE REPRESENTED AS IN THE
DIAGRAM BELOW:.......................................................................................................................................94
WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF A CONTRACTUAL RELATION CONSISTING IN SUPPLYING A
ROLLING STOCK (IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INITIAL PURPOSE OF THE GUIDE), RELATIONS CAN
BE SIMPLIFIED AND ONLY 2 PARTNERS BE RETAINED: .......................................................................94
CUSTOMER (MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT PROBLEMS OF INTERFACE WITH NATIONAL
REGULATION AUTHORITY, MAINTAINER, OWNER AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANY), .................94
SUPPLIER (MANAGING SUB-SUPPLIER). .........................................................................................94
IN A TOTAL SYSTEM VISION, THE LEVEL OF RESPONSIBILITY, WHICH MUST BE KNOWN
FROM THE FIRST STAGE OF THE PROJECT (PHASE 1 CONCEPT), IS AS FOLLOWS :...................94
................................................................................................................................................................95
THIS DIAGRAM MUST BE INTERPRETED IN THE FOLLOWING WAY: .........................................95
................................................................................................................................................................95
7.3 APPLICABILITY OF THE PHASES OF THE EN 50126............................................................................................96
WITHIN THE PREVIOUS CONCERN AND REFERRING TO THE ITEM 5.3 OF EN 50126, THE
APPLICATION OF THE STANDARD SHOULD BE FLEXIBLE AND EFFECTIVE BY CONSIDERING AND
ASSESSING A COST/BENEFIT RATIO, THE COMPLEXITY AND THE SIZE OF THE SYSTEM...............96
ACCORDINGLY TO THE ITEM 5.3.4 OF THE STANDARD, THE ASSESSMENT OF THE
APPLICATION OF THE EN 50126 SHALL:..................................................................................................96
1 SPECIFY PHASES APPLICABLE, AND FOR EACH ONE OF THESE:............................................96
JUSTIFY AND DEMONSTRATE THE COMPLIANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF THE
REQUIREMENTS OF THE STANDARD........................................................................................................96
SPECIFY THE MANDATORY ACTIVITIES/REQUIREMENTS INCLUDING, REFERRING TO THE
SYSTEM UNDER CONSIDERATION:...........................................................................................................96
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1 THE SCOPE OF EACH REQUIREMENT...........................................................................................96

2 THE METHODS, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES REQUIRED AGAINST EACH REQUIREMENT AND
THE SCOPE AND DEPTH OF THEIR APPLICATION..................................................................................96
3 THE VERIFICATION/VALIDATION ACTIVITIES REQUIRED AGAINST EACH REQUIREMENT AND
THE SCOPE OF THEIR APPLICATION........................................................................................................96
4 INPUT/OUTPUT DOCUMENTATION.................................................................................................96
2 JUSTIFY ANY DEVIATION FROM THE ACTIVITIES AND REQUIREMENT OF THE STANDARD. 96
3 JUSTIFY THE ADEQUACY OF THE TASKS CHOSEN FOR THE SYSTEM UNDER
CONSIDERATION..........................................................................................................................................96
7.4 MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................96
THE CORRECT APPLICATION OF EN 50126 IS GUARANTEED THROUGH SEVERAL
REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................................................................96
THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS ARE MANDATORY (SEE ITEM 5.3.5 OF EN 50126):..............96
DEFINE RESPONSIBILITY FOR CARRYING OUT ALL RAMS TASKS WITHIN EACH PHASE
CHOSEN........................................................................................................................................................96
MAKE SURE ABOUT THE COMPETENCE OF THE PERSONNEL INVOLVED WITHIN RAMS
TASKS...........................................................................................................................................................96
ESTABLISH AND IMPLEMENT A RAM PROGRAMME AND A SAFETY PLAN, WHERE HAVE TO
BE IDENTIFIED AND MANAGED:................................................................................................................96
CONFLICTS BETWEEN RAM AND SAFETY TASKS..........................................................................96
2 DETAILS OF ALL RAMS ANALYSIS, INCLUDING THE DEPTH OF ANALYSIS ACTIVITIES........96
MAKE SURE THAT THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS STANDARD ARE IMPLEMENTED WITHIN
BUSINESS PROCESSES, SUPPORTED BY A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS) COMPLIANT
WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF EN ISO 9000 SERIES..............................................................................96
ESTABLISH AND IMPLEMENT AN ADEQUATE AND EFFECTIVE CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, AT LEAST INCLUDING:....................................................................................96
1 ALL SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION.....................................................................................................96
2 ALL OTHER SYSTEM DELIVERABLES ...........................................................................................96
8
SPECIFYING RAM REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................97
THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECTION IS TO ESTABLISH THE PROCESS TO DEFINE RAM

REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLLING STOCK AND FOR ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND
PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS.................97
THE DEFINITION PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT THROUGH DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES WITH THE
SCOPE OF OBTAINING DATA AND ALL KIND OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION ABOUT THE ROLLING
STOCK UNDER CONSIDERATION..............................................................................................................97
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THE FINAL GOAL IS THE DERIVATION OF RAM TARGETS THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF ALL
THE INFORMATION COLLECTED AND ORGANISED IN A STRUCTURED WAY.....................................97
8.1 PRELIMINARY RAM ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................97
8.1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................97
THE PRELIMINARY RAM ANALYSIS HAS THE PURPOSE OF IDENTIFYING THE APPLICATION
ENVIRONMENT AND THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE ROLLING STOCK, IN ORDER TO
RECOGNISE THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS WHICH THE OVERALL RAM REQUIREMENTS HAVE
TO BE BASED ON.........................................................................................................................................97
THE ANALYSIS IS DEVELOPED THROUGH DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES TO COVER THE
FOLLOWING ASPECTS:...............................................................................................................................97
SIMILAR SYSTEM REVIEW:.................................................................................................................97
A LIST OF THE EXISTING ROLLING STOCK, APPLICABLE FOR PROVIDING SUITABLE RAMRELATED INFORMATION, IS MADE;..........................................................................................................97
PRELIMINARY SYSTEM ANALYSIS: ..................................................................................................97
THE ROLLING STOCK AVAILABLE DOCUMENTATION IS REVIEWED IN ORDER TO DEFINE, AT
A PRELIMINARY LEVEL, THE OVERALL SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND ITS MISSION PROFILE AND TO
RECOGNISE THE SYSTEM FAILURE CONDITIONS..................................................................................97
THE DELIVERABLES OF THESE PRELIMINARY RAM-RELATED ACTIVITIES CONSTITUTE THE
BACKGROUND NECESSARY FOR DEFINING THE OVERALL RAM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
IN TERMS OF:...............................................................................................................................................97
RAM REQUIREMENTS;........................................................................................................................97
DEMONSTRATION AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA;..........................................................................97
RAM PROGRAMME REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................97
8.1.2 Preliminary RAM Analysis activities...............................................................................................97
THE PRELIMINARY RAM-RELATED ACTIVITIES CONSIST IN INVESTIGATING ALL THE
RELEVANT AVAILABLE DOCUMENTATION IN ORDER TO RECOGNISE ALL THE FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS WHICH MAY AFFECT THE RAM PERFORMANCES OF THE ROLLING STOCK........97
THE DELIVERABLES OF THE PRELIMINARY RAM-RELATED ACTIVITIES RESULT:....................97
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION, WHERE THE ROLLING STOCK HAS TO BE IDENTIFIED IN TERMS OF
BOUNDARY LIMITS, OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS, FUNCTIONS, INTERFACES, STRUCTURE,
LOGISTICS AND MAINTENANCE CONDITIONS.........................................................................................97
FAILURE CONDITIONS, WHERE THE FAILURES OF THE ROLLING STOCK HAVE TO BE
IDENTIFIED AND CATEGORISED IN ORDER TO DEFINE APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS.................97
8.1.3 System Identification ....................................................................................................................98
THIS SECTION PROVIDES FOR A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN FEATURES IDENTIFYING
A ROLLING STOCK (SEE ANNEX A, ITEM A2 OF EN 50126)....................................................................98
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THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS FOR A ROLLING STOCK IS MADE IN ORDER TO GAIN

ASSURANCE THAT THE PROCESS IS CORRECTLY ANALYSING ALL THE FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE RAM PERFORMANCES........................................................................................................................98
THESE CHARACTERISTICS DEFINE THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE ROLLING STOCK IS
REQUIRED TO ACCOMPLISH ITS MISSION AND CONSTITUTE THE REFERENCE CONDITIONS FOR:
98
DEFINING THE ROLLING STOCK RAM REQUIREMENTS.................................................................98
DEMONSTRATING, BY ANALYSIS AND TESTS, THAT EACH SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION
FULFILS THE RAM REQUIREMENTS IN ALL THE LIFECYCLE PHASES.................................................98
THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES NECESSARY TO DESCRIBE A ROLLING STOCK
ARE THE MISSION PROFILE, OPERATING CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND
MAINTENANCE CONDITIONS (INCLUDING LOGISTICS):.........................................................................98
1 MISSION PROFILE :...........................................................................................................................98
ROUTE OF REFERENCE......................................................................................................................98
COMMERCIAL SPEED (MISSION DURATION / MISSION LENGTH)..................................................98
MEAN LENGTH OF A RUN ..................................................................................................................98
MEAN DISTANCE BETWEEN TRAIN STOPS .....................................................................................98
NUMBER OF TUNNELS RELATED TO COMMERCIAL DISTANCE...................................................98
NUMBER OF VIADUCTS RELATED TO COMMERCIAL DISTANCE .................................................98
DISTANCE CUMULATED UNDER TUNNEL ........................................................................................98
DISTANCE CUMULATED ON TUNNELS.............................................................................................98
OPERATING TIME OR DISTANCE PER YEAR....................................................................................98
REVENUE OPERATING TIME OR DISTANCE PER YEAR..................................................................98
STAND-BY TIME PER DAY...................................................................................................................98
OFF-OPERATING TIME PER DAY........................................................................................................98
PLANNED TOTAL TIME OF USE (LIFE EXPECTANCY IN YEARS)...................................................98
SLOPES.................................................................................................................................................98
2 OPERATING CONDITIONS :..............................................................................................................98
EQUIVALENT SPEED RELATED TO THE TIME THE EQUIPMENT IS POWERED DURING A GIVEN
CALENDAR PERIOD (CUMULATED DISTANCE / TIME THE EQUIPMENT IS POWERED OVER THE
PERIOD).........................................................................................................................................................98
TIME AN EQUIPMENT IS POWERED OVER A GIVEN CALENDAR PERIOD (THIS PARAMETER
COULD BE DEFINED FOR EACH EQUIPMENT, BUT IS GENERALLY DEFINED FOR CATEGORIES OF
EQUIPMENT).................................................................................................................................................98
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TIME DURING WHICH TRACTION IS ACTIVATED..............................................................................98

TIME DURING WHICH ELECTRIC BRAKING IS ACTIVATED.............................................................98
OPERATING TIME OF THE COMPRESSOR........................................................................................98
NUMBER OF COMPRESSOR STARTING UP......................................................................................99
TIME OF PRESENCE OF CATENARY POWER, FOR EACH VOLTAGE............................................99
TIME DURING WHICH TRAINSET IS AWAKEN...................................................................................99
OPERATING TIME FOR HEATING VENTILATION AIR CONDITIONING IN HEATING MODE AND
AIR CONDITIONING MODE..........................................................................................................................99
AVERAGE SPEED, MAXIMUM SPEED................................................................................................99
POTENTIAL USE IN MULTIPLE UNITS................................................................................................99
TIME OF COUPLING.............................................................................................................................99
INTERNAL TEMPERATURE RANGE OF THE ROLLING STOCK.......................................................99
MECHANICAL (SHOCK AND VIBRATION)..........................................................................................99
ELECTRICAL (POWER SUPPLIES).....................................................................................................99
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY...............................................................................................99
ERGONOMICS.......................................................................................................................................99
3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS :....................................................................................................99
RANGE OF OUTSIDE TEMPERATURES.............................................................................................99
MAXIMUM HEIGHT ABOVE THE SEA LEVEL.....................................................................................99
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE...................................................................................................................99
SOLAR RADIATION..............................................................................................................................99
HUMIDITY..............................................................................................................................................99
WIND AND PRESSURE PULSES.........................................................................................................99
ALTITUDE..............................................................................................................................................99
WATER AND PRECIPITATION.............................................................................................................99
POLLUTANTS AND CONTAMINANTS.................................................................................................99
ALSO, CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING NORMAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS CAN BE FOUND
WITHIN PR ENV 50127-1 AND EN 60721-1..................................................................................................99
4 MAINTENANCE CONDITIONS :.........................................................................................................99
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INDICATIVE MAINTENANCE PLAN (I.E. MINIMUM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE INTERVAL,

MAXIMUM CONTEMPORARY NUMBER OF PERSONNEL REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE INTERVAL
TASKS, MAXIMUM STANDSTILL TIME TO COMPLETE MAINTENANCE INTERVAL TASKS, ETC). . .99
NUMBER, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SITES OF MAINTENANCE..............................99
DESCRIPTION OF THE STANDARD EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND RESOURCES OF THE SITES OF
MAINTENANCE.............................................................................................................................................99
8.1.4 Breakdown Structure and boundary limits ....................................................................................99
THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE OF THE ROLLING STOCK IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
BASELINE OF THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS. ESTABLISHING A STRUCTURE OF THE ROLLING
STOCK, A CLEAR REFERENCE OUTLINE IS GIVEN TO ALL THE ACTIVITIES AND ANALYSES
SUPPORTING RAM PROGRAMME ALONG THE LIFE CYCLE..................................................................99
GENERALLY, THE SCOPE OF THE STRUCTURE IS TO SET UP THE BORDERS OF A SYSTEM BY
LISTING ALL THE ITEMS BELONGING TO THE STRUCTURE OF THAT SYSTEM AND USING AN
APPROPRIATE NUMBER OF DISCRETE LEVELS TO DISTINGUISH THE RELATIONSHIPS EXISTING
BETWEEN DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE ROLLING STOCK....................................................................100
8.1.4.1 Common rules to set up a structure.........................................................................................................100
SETTING UP A STRUCTURE, A DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT STARTING FROM

THE FIRST LEVEL TO THE OTHER LEVELS IDENTIFIED AND BEING ABLE TO REPRESENT ALL THE
ITEMS AND ITS FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS.....................................................................................100
THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IS BASED ON A HIERARCHICAL BREAKDOWN IN A TOP
DOWN PROCESS COMMENCING WITH THE ROLLING STOCK AS THE SYSTEM UNDER
CONSIDERATION........................................................................................................................................100
AT EACH LEVEL IDENTIFIED IN THE HIERARCHY, EVERY SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BECOMES THE
NEXT SYSTEM UNDER CONSIDERATION AND CAN BE FURTHER DECOMPOSED INTO LOWER
LEVEL ITEMS, AS NECESSARY................................................................................................................100
THERE ARE SEVERAL METHODS AND TOOLS TO SET UP A STRUCTURE, BUT HERE THE
FOLLOWING ARE RECOMMENDATIONS TO BE FOLLOWED IN ORDER TO DEVELOP AN
APPROPRIATE AND SUITABLE STRUCTURE FOR RAM PURPOSES:.................................................100
AVOID THE USE OF "INFINITE LEVELS STRUCTURE" AND LIMIT THE LEVELS UP TO A
REASONABLE NUMBER (3 OR 4 ARE SUGGESTED).............................................................................100
THE LAST ITEM IDENTIFIED ALONG A BRANCH MUST BE A LRU (LINE REPLACEABLE UNIT)
100
FORCE TO USE THE SAME DEFINITIONS WHEN IDENTICAL ITEMS ARE DEFINED...................100
BE SURE THAT THE DEFINITION USED FOR EVERY ITEM IS THE SAME USED ALONG ALL THE
DESIGN DOCUMENTS (DRAWINGS, OUTLINES, DIAGRAMS, SPECIFICATIONS, ETC)..................100
AFTER THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE STRUCTURE AVOID CONTINUOUS MODIFICATIONS...........100
AVOID THE USE OF VAGUE OR UNCLEAR DEFINITIONS..............................................................100
THE DEFINITION USED FOR LRU (LINE REPLACEABLE UNIT) IS WELL EXPLAINED WITHIN
8.5.4.3...........................................................................................................................................................100
8.1.4.2 Data to identify the Structure...................................................................................................................100
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EVERY STRUCTURE MUST BE PRESENTED TOGETHER WITH A SET OF DRAWINGS,

DIAGRAMS, FUNCTIONAL OUTLINES IN ORDER TO MEET THE TARGET OF IDENTIFYING THE
ROLLING STOCK AND ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO
ROLLING STOCK CLARIFYING AT LEAST:.............................................................................................100
ALL THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE ITEMS OF THE STRUCTURE.....................................100
THE FUNCTIONAL BORDERS BETWEEN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS, SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES
100
A MINIMUM SET OF DATA IS USED TO REPRESENT AND TO MANAGE THE STRUCTURE......100
THIS KIND OF DATA IS THE BASELINE OF THE DIFFERENT ANALYSES THAT WILL BE
CARRIED OUT DURING THE LIFE CYCLE................................................................................................100
EVERY STRUCTURE SHOULD BE REPRESENTED WITH A HEADER CONTAINING AT LEAST
THE FOLLOWING:......................................................................................................................................100
ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................101
ID CODE OR DEFINITION OF ROLLING STOCK...............................................................................101
DOC.N..................................................................................................................................................101
CODE OF DOCUMENT........................................................................................................................101
DATE....................................................................................................................................................101
DATE OF DOCUMENT........................................................................................................................101
PAGE N/N............................................................................................................................................101
CONSECUTIVE NUMBER OF PAGE/TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES.................................................101
DRAWN UP BY....................................................................................................................................101
FIRST AND LAST NAME OF AUTHOR..............................................................................................101
FILENAME...........................................................................................................................................101
NAME OF FILE OF THE DOCUMENT.................................................................................................101
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MINIMUM SET OF DATA TO REPRESENT A STRUCTURE:.............101
.............................................................................................................................................................101
CODE...................................................................................................................................................101
BREAKDOWN LEVEL CODE OF THE ITEM......................................................................................101
DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................101
DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM..............................................................................................................101
QTY......................................................................................................................................................101
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AMOUNT OF THE ITEM UNDER CONSIDERATION IN THE HIGHER LEVEL ITEM........................101

THE USE OF QUANTITY INFORMATION IS SUGGESTED FOR BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
WHERE THE PRODUCT IS DEFINED........................................................................................................101
AS APPROPRIATE, IT IS RECOMMENDED THE USE OF THE PART NUMBER FOR EVERY ITEM
OF THE STRUCTURE.................................................................................................................................101
PART NO.............................................................................................................................................101
PART NO. OF THE ITEM.....................................................................................................................101
EXAMPLES OF BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE ARE GIVEN WITHIN ANNEX A - EXAMPLES OF
BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE......................................................................................................................101
8.2 FAILURE CONDITIONS................................................................................................................................102
THE FOLLOWING GENERAL FAILURE CONDITIONS ARE DEFINED FOR THE ROLLING STOCK
ACCORDING TO THE GENERAL FAILURE CATEGORIES WHICH MAY BE EXPERIENCED BY A
GENERIC RAILWAY TRANSPORT (SEE 4.5.2.2 IN EN 50126):..............................................................102
IMMOBILISING FAILURE....................................................................................................................102
SERVICE FAILURE.............................................................................................................................102
MINOR FAILURE.................................................................................................................................102
THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS THE FAILURE CATEGORIES AS INDICATED IN EN 50126.. .102
TABLE 1: RAM FAILURE CATEGORIES...........................................................................................102
FAILURE CATEGORY.........................................................................................................................102
DEFINITION.........................................................................................................................................102
SIGNIFICANT.......................................................................................................................................102
(IMMOBILISING FAILURE)..................................................................................................................102
A FAILURE THAT:...............................................................................................................................102
- PREVENTS TRAIN MOVEMENT OR CAUSES A DELAY TO SERVICE GREATER THAN A
SPECIFIED TIME AND/OR .........................................................................................................................102
GENERATES A COST GREATER THAN A SPECIFIED LEVEL........................................................102
MAJOR.................................................................................................................................................102
(SERVICE FAILURE)...........................................................................................................................102
A FAILURE THAT:...............................................................................................................................102
- MUST BE RECTIFIED FOR THE SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE ITS SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE AND 102
- DOES NOT CAUSE A DELAY OR COST GREATER THAN THE MINIMUM THRESHOLD
SPECIFIED FOR A SIGNIFICANT FAILURE..............................................................................................102
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MINOR..................................................................................................................................................102
A FAILURE THAT:...............................................................................................................................102
- DOES NOT PREVENT A SYSTEM ACHIEVING ITS SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE AND ..............102
DOES NOT MEET CRITERIA FOR SIGNIFICANT OR MAJOR FAILURES.......................................102
IN ORDER TO BETTER DEFINE THE ABOVE MENTIONED FAILURE CATEGORIES THE
FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE APPLICABLE TO ROLLING STOCK AND TO ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS,
ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO ROLLING STOCK :...........................................................102
SIGNIFICANT FAILURE (IMMOBILISING FAILURE): ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON ROLLING
STOCK AND LEADING, AT LEAST, TO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:...............................102
A DELAY GREATER THAN A SPECIFIED TIME................................................................................102
A STOP OF THE TRAIN ON THE TRACK..........................................................................................102
A WITHDRAWAL OF THE TRAIN FROM SERVICE ..........................................................................102
A COST GREATER THAN A SPECIFIED THRESHOLD....................................................................102
MAJOR FAILURE (SERVICE FAILURE): ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE ROLLING STOCK
AND LEADING, AT LEAST, TO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:............................................102
A DELAY LESS THAN A SPECIFIED TIME........................................................................................102
FAILING SPECIFIED PERFORMANCES............................................................................................102
A COST LESS THAN A SPECIFIED THRESHOLD............................................................................102
MINOR FAILURE.................................................................................................................................103
ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE ROLLING STOCK AND LEADING TO A MAINTENANCE
TASK, EVEN IF THIS FAILURE HAS NO IMPACT ON SERVICE..............................................................103
ACCORDING THE ABOVE MENTIONED DEFINITIONS AND CONDITIONS OF FAILURES THE
CUSTOMER HAS TO ESTABLISH:............................................................................................................103
THE NUMBER OF MINUTES OF DELAY FOR SIGNIFICANT FAILURES AND MAJOR FAILURE. 103
THE THRESHOLD COST FOR SIGNIFICANT FAILURES AND MAJOR FAILURE..........................103
THE MODE OF COUNTING THE DELAY (I.E. AT THE END OF THE RUN ONLY, CUMULATED
DURING ALL THE STOPS, THE MAXIMUM BETWEEN TWO STOPS, ETC).......................................103
SPECIAL SERVICE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE CUSTOMER DECIDES FOR STOPPING
THE TRAIN ON THE TRACK OR WITHDRAWING THE TRAIN FROM THE SERVICE IN CASE OF
SIGNIFICANT FAILURE OR CONSIDER A MAJOR FAILURE FOR SPECIFIED PERFORMANCES
FAILED (I.E. THE FAILURE OF THE PASSENGER AIR-CONDITIONING, THE FAILURE OF DRIVERS
CAB AIR-CONDITIONING, THE FAILURE OF DOOR SYSTEM PER SIDE, THE FAILURE OF A
SPECIFIED NUMBER OF TOILET SYSTEM, THE FAILURE OF THE COACH LIGHTING SYSTEM,
ETC)..........................................................................................................................................................103
THE FOLLOWING TABLES SHOW THE SPECIFICATIONS OF EACH FAILURE CATEGORY. ....103
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TABLE 2: SIGNIFICANT FAILURE SPECIFICATION.........................................................................103

CONDITIONS.......................................................................................................................................103
THRESHOLD DIMENSION..................................................................................................................103
SPECIFICATION REQUESTED...........................................................................................................103
SIGNIFICANT.......................................................................................................................................103
(IMMOBILISING FAILURE)..................................................................................................................103
FCI........................................................................................................................................................103
DELAY GREATER THAN....................................................................................................................103
MINUTES.............................................................................................................................................103
SPECIFY MODE OF COUNTING DELAY...........................................................................................103
STOP OF THE TRAIN ON THE TRACK..............................................................................................103
ROLLING STOCK DOES NOT RUN ON ITS OWN.............................................................................103
WITHDRAWAL OF THE TRAIN ON THE SERVICE...........................................................................103
SPECIFY SPECIAL SERVICE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE CUSTOMER DECIDES FOR
STOPPING THE TRAIN ON THE TRACK OR WITHDRAWING THE TRAIN FROM THE SERVICE ........103
COST GREATER THAN......................................................................................................................103
MONEY................................................................................................................................................103
TABLE 3: MAJOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION...................................................................................104
CONDITIONS.......................................................................................................................................104
MAJOR.................................................................................................................................................104
(SERVICE FAILURE)...........................................................................................................................104
FCS......................................................................................................................................................104
DELAY LESS THAN............................................................................................................................104
MINUTES.............................................................................................................................................104
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SPECIFY MODE OF COUNTING DELAY...........................................................................................104

FAILING SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE..............................................................................................104
SPECIFY SERVICE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE CUSTOMER CONSIDERS FAILED THE
PERFORMANCE.........................................................................................................................................104
COST LESS THAN..............................................................................................................................104
MONEY................................................................................................................................................104
TABLE 4: MINOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION....................................................................................104
CONDITIONS.......................................................................................................................................104
MINOR..................................................................................................................................................104
FCM......................................................................................................................................................104
ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE ROLLING STOCK.................................................................104
8.3 RAM REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................................................................105
8.3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................105
THE AIM OF THIS PARAGRAPH IS TO GIVE AN OVERVIEW OF THE MOST USED RAM
REQUIREMENTS IN ORDER TO HELP CUSTOMER IN CHOOSING OF THE APPROPRIATE
REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLLING STOCK..................................................................................................105
CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE RAM REQUIREMENTS, THE CUSTOMER IS STRONGLY ASKED
TO CONSIDER:...........................................................................................................................................105
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS (MISSION PROFILE, OPERATING CONDITION,
FUNCTION REQUESTED, ETC)..............................................................................................................105
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ..............................................................................................................105
THE PRACTICAL POSSIBILITY TO MEASURE RAM REQUIREMENTS FROM THE FIELD IN
OPERATION ACCORDING TO ITS ORGANISATIONAL AND LOGISTICAL STRUCTURE AND SERVICE
PROCEDURES............................................................................................................................................105
THE CUSTOMER SHOULD DOCUMENT THE CHOOSING PROCESS OF RAM REQUIREMENTS
SPECIFYING THE CONSIDERATION ADOPTED TO ADDRESS EACH REQUIREMENT CHOSEN.......105
8.3.2 Reliability Targets........................................................................................................................105
THIS SECTION DESCRIBES THE RELIABILITY TARGETS REQUIRED FOR THE FAILURE
CATEGORIES SIGNIFICANT (IMMOBILISING), MAJOR (SERVICE) AND MINOR FAILURE. (I.E. MTBF IN
HOURS, FAILURE RATE PER MILLION OF HOURS/KILOMETRES).......................................................105
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THE RELIABILITY TARGETS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE TOTAL ROLLING STOCK AND TO ALL
THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK ACCORDING
TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED.....................................................................................................105
USING THE ABOVE MENTIONED DEFINITIONS THE CUSTOMER INDICATES THE RELIABILITY
TARGETS FOR EACH ONE OF THE FAILURE CATEGORIES IN TERMS OF:........................................105
MAXIMUM ACCEPTED FAILURE RATE (NUMBERS OF FAILURES PER MILLION
HOURS/KILOMETRES)...............................................................................................................................105
MINIMUM ACCEPTED MTBF/MTTF/MDBF (MEAN NUMBER OF HOURS/KILOMETRES
BETWEEN/TO FAILURES)..........................................................................................................................105
THE TERMS HOURS/KILOMETRES ARE TO BE INTENDED AS HOURS/KILOMETRES OF
SERVICE......................................................................................................................................................105
THE REQUIREMENT MTBF IS INTENDED FOR REPAIRABLE UNITS AND MTTF IS INTENDED
FOR NON-REPAIRABLE UNITS.................................................................................................................105
IF THE REAL OPERATING TIME OF SERVICE FOR THE ROLLING STOCK AND FOR THE
SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK MAY NOT BE
MEASURED, THE CUSTOMER CAN CHOOSE, AS APPROPRIATE, THE FOLLOWINGS:....................105
MAXIMUM ACCEPTED FAILURE RATE (NUMBERS OF FAILURES PER MILLION / KILOMETRES)
105
MINIMUM ACCEPTED MDBF (NUMBER OF KILOMETRES)............................................................105
THE MDBF IS TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE FOLLOWING WAY:..................................................105
THE TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELLED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME / THE TOTAL NUMBER OF
FAILURES OCCURRING DURING THE SAME PERIOD...........................................................................105
IN ADDITION, RELIABILITY TARGETS COULD BE SPECIFIED BY THE CUSTOMER FOR
IMPORTANT SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS. IN THIS CASE THE CUSTOMER COULD APPLY THE
FOLLOWING DEFINITION FOR FAILURES AFFECTING IMPORTANT SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS:.......106
ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM AND LEADING TO FAIL SPECIFIED
PERFORMANCES.......................................................................................................................................106
ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM AND LEADING TO A MAINTENANCE
TASK, EVEN IF THIS FAILURE HAS NO IMPACT ON SERVICE..............................................................106
THE CUSTOMER SHOULD SPECIFY THE FAILURE CONDITIONS IN WHICH THE
SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM DOES NOT ACCOMPLISH ITS SPECIFIED PERFORMANCES. .......................106
THE FOLLOWING TABLE GROUP THE ABOVE MENTIONED RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS:. .106
TABLE 5: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY SIGNIFICANT
(IMMOBILISING FAILURE).........................................................................................................................106
APPLICABLE TO:................................................................................................................................106
REQUIREMENT...................................................................................................................................106
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................106
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SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................106
ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................106
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI...........................................................................................................................106
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM 1....................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM 2....................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
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SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM N....................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
TABLE 6: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MAJOR (SERVICE
FAILURE).....................................................................................................................................................107
APPLICABLE TO:................................................................................................................................107
REQUIREMENT...................................................................................................................................107
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................107
SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................107
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ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS.......................................................................................................................107
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM 1....................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM 2....................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
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SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM N....................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
TABLE 7: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MINOR..............................108
APPLICABLE TO:................................................................................................................................108
REQUIREMENT...................................................................................................................................108
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................108
SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................108
ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
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OR........................................................................................................................................................108
FRM......................................................................................................................................................108
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................108
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM.....................................................................................................................108
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................108
SUBSYSTEM 1....................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
OR........................................................................................................................................................108
FRM......................................................................................................................................................108
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................108
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................108
SUBSYSTEM 2....................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
OR........................................................................................................................................................108
FRM......................................................................................................................................................108
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................108
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................108
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SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
OR........................................................................................................................................................108
FRM......................................................................................................................................................108
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................108
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................108
SUBSYSTEM N....................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
OR........................................................................................................................................................108
FRM......................................................................................................................................................108
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................108
THE CUSTOMER CAN ESTABLISH DIFFERENT TABLES FOR EACH ONE FAILURE CATEGORY
SPECIFYING THE REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE FOR EACH TABLE..................................................108
THE REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS OF THE ROLLING STOCK
HAVE TO BE REFERRED TO THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE IN WHICH EACH
SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM IS CLEARLY IDENTIFIED.....................................................................................108
8.3.3 Maintainability Targets.................................................................................................................108
THIS SECTION DESCRIBES THE MAINTAINABILITY TARGETS REQUIRED FOR ROLLING
STOCK AND FOR ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE
ROLLING STOCK ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED................................................108
FOR A ROLLING STOCK AND FOR ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS
BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED THERE
ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAINTAINABILITY TARGETS: ..................................................................108
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GENERIC QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS (ACCESSIBILITY, DISMOUNTING, HANDINESS,

STANDARDISATION, ETC).....................................................................................................................108
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS (QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE) (I.E.
FREQUENCY, MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PERSONNEL RELATED TO EACH FREQUENCY, MAXIMUM
NUMBER OF HOURS RELATED TO EACH FREQUENCY, ETC)..........................................................108
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS (QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE) (I.E. MTTR,
MAXIMUM TTR, ETC)..............................................................................................................................108
LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS (SUPPLY AND ADMINISTRATIVE DELAY, SPARE PARTS
AVAILABILITY, ETC)...............................................................................................................................109
MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................109
8.3.3.1 Generic Qualitative Requirements for Maintainability..............................................................................109
THE QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS OF MAINTAINABILITY SHOULD CONSIDER AT LEAST THE

FOLLOWING, AS AN EXAMPLE:...............................................................................................................109
TABLE 8: QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTAINABILITY..............................................109
ACCESSIBILITY:.................................................................................................................................109
THE LAYOUT OF EACH PIECE OF EQUIPMENT AND ITS POSITION ON THE ROLLING STOCK
AND RELATIVE CONNECTIONS SHALL BE MADE IN SUCH A WAY AS TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO
PERFORM INSPECTIONS, REPAIRS, REVISION, REPLACEMENT, TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION
THE DIMENSIONS OF THE TOOLS THAT MAY BE NECESSARY TO PERFORM THESE OPERATIONS,
THE WORKING AREA NECESSARY FOR THE MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL, THE SAFETY
STANDARDS AND POSSIBLE NEED FOR LOCALISED ILLUMINATION................................................109
ALL FASTENING POINTS OF THE EQUIPMENT AND INTERFACING POINTS BETWEEN IT AND
THE INFRASTRUCTURES (VENTILATION CHANNELS, FANS, FILTERS, ETC.) SHALL, AS A RULE, BE
ACCESSIBLE WITHOUT THE NEED OF SPECIAL TOOLS......................................................................109
DISMOUNTING:...................................................................................................................................109
IT MUST BE POSSIBLE TO DISMANTLE ANY PIECE OF EQUIPMENT, OR ANY PART OF IT, IN
CASE OF NEED FOR FAILURE OR SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, WITHOUT HAVING TO OPERATE
ON OTHER PIECES OF EQUIPMENT NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE SPECIFIC MAINTENANCE
ACTION........................................................................................................................................................109
EVALUATION OF REMOVABILITY SHOULD ALSO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE POSSIBLE NEED
TO REMOVE PARTS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROLLING STOCK (HATCHES, CASINGS, ETC.)
AND THE EASE OF DISMANTLING OR OPENING AND HANDLING THEM............................................109
MODULARITY:.....................................................................................................................................109
IN DESIGNING EQUIPMENT EVERY OPPORTUNITY SHOULD BE APPLIED TO INCREASE THE
MODULARITY OF THE OBJECT SO AS TO REDUCE INTERVENTION TIME, THE SPECIALISATION OF
THE PERSONNEL REQUIRED AND THE STOCKS TO BE KEPT ON HAND..........................................109
MODULARITY SHOULD MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO DIVIDE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES INTO TWO
LEVELS: PRIMARY MAINTENANCE (RAPID REPLACEMENT OF THE UNIT), SECONDARY
MAINTENANCE (REPAIR OF THE UNIT ON THE WORKBENCH)...........................................................109
HANDINESS:.......................................................................................................................................109
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EVERY PIECE OF EQUIPMENT, DEVICE AND ITEM OF FURNISHING SUBJECT TO DISMANTLING

FOR REPLACEMENT, REPAIR OR PROGRAMMED MAINTENANCE SHOULD NOT EXCEED A WEIGHT
OF 25 KG AND SHOULD BE CAPABLE OF BEING HANDLED WITH MANUAL MEANS BY A SINGLE
PERSON......................................................................................................................................................109
THIS MAXIMUM WEIGHT CAN BE DOUBLED WHEN THE CONDITIONS OF ACCESSIBILITY
MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR TWO PERSONS TO WORK TOGETHER. THE EXTERNAL FEATURES OF
THE SHAPE OF THE UNIT IN QUESTION SHOULD MAKE IT EASY TO HANDLE AND NOT
HAZARDOUS OR CAPABLE OF INJURING THE PERSONNEL...............................................................109
IN THE CASE OF OBJECTS THAT HAVE TO BE MOVED USING MECHANICAL HOISTING
EQUIPMENT AND/OR TRANSPORTATION, THE LAYOUT AND CONSTRUCTION SHOULD PROVIDE
FOR MAKING AVAILABLE THE NECESSARY PROVISIONS FOR HOOKING, FASTENING, HOISTING
WITH A FORKLIFT (EYEBOLTS, HOOKS, FEET, ETC.). IF THE HOOKING, HOISTING OR
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET, IT MUST BE DESIGNED,
CONSTRUCTED AND SUPPLIED UNDER THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SUPPLIER.........................109
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THE CONNECTIONS EXISTING BETWEEN THE UNIT AND THE STRUCTURE AND BETWEEN THE
UNIT AND THE OTHER UNITS INTERFACED WITH IT SHALL BE REVERSIBLE, ACCESSIBLE, NOT
SUBJECT TO CORROSION AND RUST IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY ARE
LOCATED....................................................................................................................................................110
EASE OF CLEANING:.........................................................................................................................110
ALL ENVIRONMENTS, APPARATUS, FLOORING AND COVERINGS SHALL BE DESIGNED IN
SUCH A WAY AS TO FACILITATE ALL OPERATIONS OF CLEANING TO THE UTMOST. IN
PARTICULAR AS REGARDS PASSENGER VEHICLES AND ENVIRONMENTS, TEXTILE COVERINGS
THAT CAN BE CLEANED EFFICIENTLY OR HAVE STAINS REMOVED WITH DRY-CLEANING
SOLVENTS APPLIED WITH MECHANICAL MEANS BY SPRAYING AND VACUUMING WITH HIGH
CAPACITY USING DETERGENT PRODUCTS SHOULD BE USED. CARPETING AND WALL-TO-WALL
TEXTILE FLOORING SHALL BE DESIGNED FOR EASY REPLACEMENT FOR CLEANING OFF THE
ROLLING STOCK BY PROVIDING APPROPRIATE BREAKS ESPECIALLY IN THE ENVIRONMENTS
SUBJECT TO HEAVY TRAFFIC (CORRIDORS, VESTIBULES, ETC.)......................................................110
THE SUPPLIER SHALL INDICATE THE CLEANSERS COMPATIBLE WITH THE MATERIALS AND
COVERINGS USED.....................................................................................................................................110
AS A GENERAL RULE, IN THE VISIBLE ENVIRONMENTS, ALL EFFORTS SHOULD BE MADE TO
AVOID SHARP CORNERS, INDENTATIONS, COMPLICATED RELIEF PATTERNS OR HOLLOWS
WHERE DIRT COULD ACCUMULATE OR THAT COULD BE DIFFICULT TO CLEAN. THIS SHOULD BE
VERIFIED ON THE MOCK-UP....................................................................................................................110
STANDARDISATION:..........................................................................................................................110
THE SOLUTIONS USED SHOULD, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT, MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO
INTERCHANGE PARTS WITH OTHERS ALREADY IN USE BY THE CUSTOMER AND INSTALLED ON
OTHER ROLLING STOCK. IN PARTICULAR, FOR ELEMENTARY OBJECTS, COMMERCIAL OR
UNIFIED SOLUTIONS SHOULD BE USED, OR PARTS ALREADY IN USE BY THE CUSTOMER AS
CLASSIFIED REPLACEMENT PARTS FOR WHICH THE CUSTOMER RESERVES TO ITSELF THE
RIGHT, IF NECESSARY, TO SUPPLY A LIST. THERE SHOULD ALSO BE A CLOSE MATCH BETWEEN
THE DRAWINGS AND THE EFFECTIVE REALISATION OF THE PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS FOR ALL ROLLING STOCK OF THE SAME SUPPLY SAME EQUIPMENT ON ALL THE
ROLLING STOCK OF THE SAME SUPPLY...............................................................................................110
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INTERCHANGEABILITY.....................................................................................................................110
IT HAS TO BE POSSIBLE REMOVE AN ITEM AND INSTALL ANOTHER ONE IN ITS PLACE
WITHOUT AFFECTING ANY EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS..............................................................110
THE REPLACEMENT SHALL BE COMPATIBLE IN FORM, FIT AND FUNCTION...........................110
TESTABILITY.......................................................................................................................................110
THE OBJECTS HAVE TO BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO
IDENTIFY THE CONDITIONS OF THE OBJECT CLEARLY AND RAPIDLY. THIS MEANS THAT IT
SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO PERFORM PREVENTIVE DIAGNOSTICS SO AS TO CHECK THE
CONDITION OF THE OBJECT BEFORE A FAILURE OCCURS AND TO BE ABLE TO PERFORM
CORRECTIVE DIAGNOSTICS IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY CLEARLY WHICH ARE THE ITEMS THAT MAY
BE MALFUNCTIONING OR DAMAGED.....................................................................................................110
8.3.3.2 Preventive/Corrective Maintenance Requirements .................................................................................111
THE PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS CAN BE OF TWO TYPES:. 111

GENERAL (REFERRED TO ALL THE MAINTENANCE ACTIONS)...................................................111
SPECIFIC (REFERRED TO MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ON A SUB-SYSTEM).................................111
EXAMPLES OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS CAN BE THE FOLLOWINGS:........111
TABLE 9: PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS....................................111
DEFINITION.........................................................................................................................................111
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................111
SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................111
MINIMUM FREQUENCY FOR SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE ..........................................................111
HOURS, KILOMETRES.......................................................................................................................111
MINFREQSM........................................................................................................................................111
MAXIMUM STANDSTILL TIME TO COMPLETE MAINTENANCE ACTIONS....................................111
HOURS.................................................................................................................................................111
MAXSTCM...........................................................................................................................................111
MAXIMUM ALLOWED NUMBER OF PERSONNEL EMPLOYED FOR MAINTENANCE..................111
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................111
MAXANPM...........................................................................................................................................111
MAXIMUM ALLOWED TIME FOR DISMOUNTING/MOUNTING .......................................................111
HOURS.................................................................................................................................................111
MAXATD-M..........................................................................................................................................111
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MAXIMUM ALLOWED TIME FOR DETECT/ISOLATE/REPLACING FAULTY ITEMS......................111

HOURS.................................................................................................................................................111
MAXATD-I-R........................................................................................................................................111
FAULT COVERAGE............................................................................................................................111
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................111
FC.........................................................................................................................................................111
MEAN TIME TO RESTORE (CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE)...........................................................111
HOURS.................................................................................................................................................111
MTTR....................................................................................................................................................111
MEAN TIME TO MAINTAIN (PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE)............................................................111
HOURS.................................................................................................................................................111
MTTM...................................................................................................................................................111
MEAN TIME BETWEEN MAINTENANCE...........................................................................................111
TIME, DISTANCE, CYCLES................................................................................................................111
MTBM...................................................................................................................................................111
8.3.3.3 Logistic Support Requirements................................................................................................................111
TYPICAL LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS CAN BE:.............................................................111

TABLE 10: LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................111
DEFINITION.........................................................................................................................................111
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................111
SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................111
MAXIMUM ALLOWED TIME TO REACH MAINTENANCE SITE .......................................................111
HOURS.................................................................................................................................................111
MAXATRM...........................................................................................................................................111
MAXIMUM ALLOWED TIME TO PLAN MAINTENANCE ACTIONS (TIME FOR TAKING SPARE
PARTS FROM STORAGE DEPOT, TIME FOR TAKING TOOLS AND DIAGNOSIS EQUIPMENT)..........111
HOURS.................................................................................................................................................111
MAXATPM...........................................................................................................................................111
PROBABILITY OF SPARE PARTS ON STOCK WHEN NEEDED ....................................................111
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DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................111
PS.........................................................................................................................................................111
NOTE: IF IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO MEASURE TIME TO REACH MAINTENANCE SITE OR TO
PLAN MAINTENANCE ACTIONS, CONTRACTUAL FIXED TIMES CAN BE USED.................................111
8.3.3.4 Maintenance Cost Requirements.............................................................................................................112
THE MAINTENANCE COST CONSTRAINTS CAN BE EXPRESSED IN DIFFERENT WAYS...........112

A WAY TO CONSIDER THE MAINTENANCE COST IS TO EXPRESS IT AS A MAXIMUM ALLOWED
PERCENTAGE OF THE WHOLE LIFE CYCLE COST................................................................................112
IN THIS CASE THE CUSTOMER HAS TO SPECIFY WHICH ITEMS ARE COUNTED AS
MAINTENANCE COST................................................................................................................................112
EXAMPLES OF ITEMS FOR MAINTENANCE COST ARE THE FOLLOWING:.................................112
TABLE 11: MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................112
DEFINITION.........................................................................................................................................112
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................112
SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................112
TRAINING OF THE MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL ...........................................................................112
MONEY................................................................................................................................................112
TMP......................................................................................................................................................112
TRAVEL COSTS SUSTAINED FOR REACHING THE MAINTENANCE SITES.................................112
MONEY................................................................................................................................................112
TCM......................................................................................................................................................112
SPARE PARTS ACQUISITION, PROVISION AND STORAGE...........................................................112
MONEY................................................................................................................................................112
SPA-P-S...............................................................................................................................................112
PREVENTIVE (SCHEDULED) MAINTENANCE ACTIONS (INCLUDING COST FOR SPARE PARTS
AND COST FOR PERSONNEL EMPLOYED).............................................................................................112
MONEY................................................................................................................................................112
PMC......................................................................................................................................................112
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ACTIONS (INCLUDING COST FOR SPARE PARTS AND COST FOR
PERSONNEL EMPLOYED).........................................................................................................................112
MONEY................................................................................................................................................112
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CMC.....................................................................................................................................................112
THE PERCENTAGE HAS TO BE EXPRESSED PER YEAR AND CONSIDERING THE PERIOD OF
DURATION OF THE LIFE CYCLE...............................................................................................................112
OTHER MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS CAN BE THE COST OF PREVENTIVE OR
CORRECTIVE (OR THE SUM OF THE TWO) MAINTENANCE WHERE THE CUSTOMER CAN USE THE
COST PER KILOMETRE OR PER 1000 KILOMETRES OR OTHER SIGNIFICANT BASIS (I.E. PER YEAR,
PER VEHICLE-TRAIN, PER SEAT).............................................................................................................112
ALSO IN THIS CASE CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO SPECIFY WHAT THIS COST INCLUDES
DETAILING THE ITEMS COUNTED............................................................................................................112
AS APPROPRIATE, THE CUSTOMER CAN SPECIFY SPECIFIC TARGETS FOR IMPORTANT SUBSYSTEMS OF THE ROLLING STOCK (BOGIE, SUPPLY POWER MODULE, DOORS, AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM, TOILETTE, ETC)..........................................................................................112
8.3.4 Availability Targets......................................................................................................................112
THIS SECTION DESCRIBES THE AVAILABILITY TARGETS REQUIRED FOR ROLLING STOCK
AND FOR ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING
STOCK ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED.................................................................112
FOLLOWING THE ANNEX A AND C OF THE EN 50126 THE AVAILABILITY A OF A ROLLING
STOCK IS SPECIFIED AS THE TIME IN WHICH A ROLLING STOCK IS IN A STATE TO PERFORM ITS
MISSION......................................................................................................................................................112
THE AVAILABILITY FORMULA IS GENERALLY INDICATED BY THE FOLLOWING:....................112
; WITH 0 A 1..............................................................................................................................113
WHERE,...............................................................................................................................................113
MUT = MEAN UP TIME;.......................................................................................................................113
MDT = MEAN DOWN TIME;................................................................................................................113
THEN THE CALCULATION OF THE AVAILABILITY CAN BE DONE STATING, OVER A
PREDEFINED TIME INTERVAL T, THE FOLLOWING ITEMS:..................................................................113
MUT (IN HOURS, KILOMETRES OR CYCLES)..................................................................................113
MDT (IN HOURS, KILOMETRES OR CYCLES)..................................................................................113
THE RESULTING DOWN TIME D (T) WITHIN A TIME INTERVAL T (E.G., 1 YEAR) IS:..................113
D (T) = (1 - A) T.................................................................................................................................113
THE AVAILABILITY NUMBER IS DIMENSIONLESS AND IS USUALLY INDICATED AS A
PERCENTAGE.............................................................................................................................................113
DEPENDING ON THE DEFINITION OF MUT AND MDT IT IS POSSIBLE TO HAVE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF AVAILABILITY USING THE SAME FORMULA:......................................................................113
INHERENT AVAILABILITY, AI............................................................................................................113
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ACHIEVED (TECHNICAL) AVAILABILITY, AA..................................................................................113

OPERATIONAL (LOGISTIC) AVAILABILITY, AO..............................................................................113
FOR INHERENT AVAILABILITY, AI, THE DEFINITIONS USED FOR MUT AND MDT ARE:............113
MUT=MTBF=MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES (HOURS)..............................................................113
MDT=MTTR=MEAN TIME TO RESTORE (HOURS)...........................................................................113
THEN THE FORMULA IS:...................................................................................................................113
..............................................................................................................................................................113
FOR ACHIEVED (TECHNICAL) AVAILABILITY, AA, THE DEFINITIONS FOR MUT AND MDT ARE:
113
MUT=MTBM=MEAN TIME BETWEEN MAINTENANCE (HOURS)....................................................113
MDT=MTTM=MEAN TIME TO MAINTAIN (HOURS)...........................................................................113
IN THIS CASE THE MTTM TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE MEAN TIME REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
ROLLING STOCK BOTH FOR PREVENTIVE AND CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE AND THEN THE
FORMULA IS:..............................................................................................................................................113
..............................................................................................................................................................113
FOR OPERATIONAL (LOGISTIC) AVAILABILITY, AO, THE DEFINITIONS FOR MUT AND MDT
ARE:.............................................................................................................................................................113
MUT=MTBM=MEAN TIME BETWEEN MAINTENANCE (HOURS)....................................................113
MDT=MTTM=MEAN TIME TO MAINTAIN (HOURS)...........................................................................113
IN THIS CASE THE MTTM TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE MEAN TIME REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
ROLLING STOCK BOTH FOR PREVENTIVE AND CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE INCLUDING
LOGISTICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DELAYS AND THEN THE FORMULA IS:....................................113
..............................................................................................................................................................114
ANOTHER MEASURE FOR AVAILABILITY CAN BE CONSIDERED CALCULATING THE RATIO OF
THE NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK AVAILABLE FOR SERVICE TO THE WHOLE FLEET..................114
THIS IS INDICATED AS FLEET AVAILABILITY, AF, AND THE NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK
AVAILABLE FOR SERVICE IS DETERMINED BY THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF
ROLLING STOCK OF THE WHOLE FLEET AND THE NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK NOT AVAILABLE
FOR SERVICE DUE TO MAINTENANCE ACTIONS (PREVENTIVE OR CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE)
114
IN THIS CASE THE FORMULA IS:.....................................................................................................114
..............................................................................................................................................................114
WHERE:...............................................................................................................................................114
FOP= NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK AVAILABLE FOR SERVICE................................................114
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FM= NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK NOT AVAILABLE FOR SERVICE DUE TO CORRECTIVE AND
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE...................................................................................................................114
FTOT= TOTAL NUMBER OF THE FLEET OF ROLLING STOCK .....................................................114
ALSO ANOTHER TYPE OF AVAILABILITY IS THE SCHEDULE ADHERENCE (RESPECT OF THE
SCHEDULE) MEASURED AS RATIO OF THE NUMBER OF JOURNEYS RUNNING ACCORDING TO
SCHEDULE AND THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHEDULED JOURNEYS..................................................114
THE NUMBER OF JOURNEYS RUNNING TO SCHEDULE CAN BE DETERMINED BY THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHEDULED JOURNEYS AND THE NUMBER OF
JOURNEYS NOT RUNNING TO SCHEDULE DUE TO CAUSES CONCERNING ROLLING STOCK.......114
IN THIS CASE THE FORMULA IS:.....................................................................................................114
..............................................................................................................................................................114
WHERE:...............................................................................................................................................114
FS= NUMBER OF JOURNEYS RUNNING TO SCHEDULE...............................................................114
FNS= NUMBER OF JOURNEYS NOT RUNNING TO SCHEDULE DUE TO CAUSES CONCERNING
ROLLING STOCK........................................................................................................................................114
FTOT_S= TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHEDULED JOURNEYS..............................................................114
THE FOLLOWING TABLE GROUP THE ABOVE MENTIONED AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS:114
TABLE 12: AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................114
FORMULA............................................................................................................................................114
DEFINITION.........................................................................................................................................114
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................114
..............................................................................................................................................................114
INHERENT AVAILABILITY..................................................................................................................114
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................114
..............................................................................................................................................................115
ACHIEVED (TECHNICAL) AVAILABILITY.........................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
..............................................................................................................................................................115
OPERATIONAL (LOGISTIC) AVAILABILITY......................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
..............................................................................................................................................................115
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FLEET AVAILABILITY.........................................................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
..............................................................................................................................................................115
SCHEDULE ADHERENCE..................................................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
CHOOSING THE ABOVE REPORTED AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS THE CUSTOMER IS
ASKED TO:..................................................................................................................................................115
DETAIL THE FACTORS OF THE FORMULA CHOSEN.....................................................................115
TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH FACTOR ...............................................115
CONSIDER THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE NOTES GIVEN IN 8.3.1...................................................115
STATE THE TIME INTERVAL OF THE MONITORED PERIOD..........................................................115
8.4 RAM FIGURES CHOOSING PROCESS..............................................................................................................116
THE AIM OF THIS PARAGRAPH IS TO DEFINE A SIMPLE GUIDE LINE TO HELP CUSTOMER IN
CHOOSING APPROPRIATE FIGURES FOR RAM REQUIREMENTS.......................................................116
CONSIDERING THE DELIVERABLES OF THE PREVIOUS SECTIONS OF THE GUIDE THE
CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO: .......................................................................................................................116
ANALYSE ROLLING STOCK SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION AND ITS BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE. 116
CONSIDER FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS INVOLVED AND ITS SUB-SYSTEMS RELATED .....116
CONSIDER RAM REQUIREMENTS AFFECTED BY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ANALYSING
THROUGH FAILURE CONDITIONS............................................................................................................116
CONSIDER RAM REQUIREMENTS OF SIMILAR ROLLING STOCK................................................116
REVIEW PAST ACHIEVED RAM PERFORMANCES.........................................................................116
CONSIDER TECHNICAL EVOLUTION OF THE ROLLING STOCK UNDER CONSIDERATION......116
EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF NEW FUNCTIONALITIES REQUESTED............................................116
CONSIDER A REALISTIC IMPROVEMENT OF RAM REQUIREMENTS ..........................................116
CONSIDER OTHER SPECIFIC AND DOCUMENTED NEEDS...........................................................116
THE PREVIOUS ACTION POINTS SHOULD ENABLE THE CUSTOMER TO MAKE THE BETTER
CHOICE WITH SUBSTANTIAL SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION..........................................................116
THE CUSTOMER SHOULD DOCUMENT THE CHOOSING PROCESS OF RAM FIGURES
SPECIFYING THE CONSIDERATION ADOPTED TO ADDRESS EACH FIGURE CHOSEN....................116
8.5 RAM PROGRAMME..................................................................................................................................117
8.5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................117
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THE RAM PROGRAMME IS A SET OF ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED ALONG THE SYSTEM

LIFE CYCLE FOR ENSURING THAT THE RAM REQUIREMENTS STATED FOR THE ROLLING STOCK
ARE FULFILLED AT EACH DEVELOPMENT PHASE...............................................................................117
AN EFFICIENT RAM PROGRAMME SHALL BE ESTABLISHED AND MAINTAINED BY THE
SUPPLIER WITH THE PURPOSE OF ENSURING THAT THE RAM REQUIREMENTS ARE PROPERLY
ACHIEVED BY PROVIDING SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION/VISIBILITY THROUGH APPROPRIATE RAM
ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................................................117
THE RAM PROGRAMME TASKS SHALL BE MANAGED WITH DIRECT RELATIONSHIPS WITH
GENERAL FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNICAL TASKS OF THE LIFE CYCLE THROUGH PERIODICAL
REVIEWS.....................................................................................................................................................117
THE RAM PROGRAMME SHALL BE COHERENT WITH 7.3 AND 7.4..............................................117
8.5.2 Configuration Management System............................................................................................117
A SUITABLE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SHALL BE ESTABLISHED AND
MAINTAINED BY THE SUPPLIER FOR IDENTIFYING AND DOCUMENTING MODIFICATIONS TO
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A FUNCTIONAL OR PHYSICAL ITEM OF THE ROLLING STOCK,
RECORDING AND REPORTING MODIFICATIONS PROCESSING AND IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
AND VERIFYING COMPLIANCE WITH STATED RAM REQUIREMENTS................................................117
THE SUPPLIER IS RESPONSIBLE TO PROVIDE VISIBILITY OF THE CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT PROCESS THROUGH DOCUMENTED ACTIVITIES AND PERIODICAL REVIEWS......117
DURING THE PERIODICAL REVIEWS THE SUPPLIER IS ASKED TO PROVIDE REPORTS
SPECIFYING, AS MINIMUM, THE FOLLOWINGS;....................................................................................117
DOCUMENTS DELIVERED, INDICATING THE RELEVANT REVISIONS.........................................117
STATUS OF THE CURRENT ACTIVITIES WITH OBJECTIVE EVIDENCE OF ACTIVITIES AND
DOCUMENTATION:.....................................................................................................................................117
ALREADY CARRIED OUT..................................................................................................................117
IN PROGRESS.....................................................................................................................................117
TO BE CARRIED OUT.........................................................................................................................117
NOTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS AFFECTING RAM REQUIREMENTS.............................................117
PROPOSAL FOR CORRECTIVE ACTIONS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS...............................................117
8.5.3 RAM Programme Outline ...........................................................................................................118
AN EXAMPLE OF TYPICAL OUTLINE OF RAM PROGRAMME IS SHOWED BELOW ALONG WITH
A LIST OF CONTENTS:..............................................................................................................................118
1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................118
1.1. PURPOSE.....................................................................................................................................118
1.2. SCOPE..........................................................................................................................................118
1.3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.........................................................................................................118
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1.4. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS.................................................................................................118

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM...................................................................................................118
2.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION:...........................................................................................................118
2.2. SYSTEM BREAKDOWN:..............................................................................................................118
3. RAM CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS:......................................................................................118
3.1. QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................118
RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................................118
MAINTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................118
AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................118
3.2. QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................................118
RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................................118
MAINTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................118
AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................118
4. RAM MANAGEMENT:.....................................................................................................................118
4.1. IMPLEMENTATION OF RAM.......................................................................................................118
4.2. MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RAM ANALYSES AND QUALITY PLAN
118
4.3. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT PROCESS...........................................................................118
4.4. ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................................118
4.5. RAM MAIN ACTIVITIES:...............................................................................................................118
SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE PHASES.........................................................................................................118
RAM ACTIVITIES DURING LIFE CYCLE............................................................................................118
RAM DOCUMENTATION.....................................................................................................................118
5. RAM PROGRAMME PLAN:.............................................................................................................118
ASSUMPTIONS AND SCOPE OF ANALYSES...................................................................................119
METHODS AND TOOLS USED...........................................................................................................119
RAM DETAILED ACTIVITIES, ANALYSES AND DOCUMENTS........................................................119
PERIODICAL RAM PROGRAMME REVIEWS....................................................................................119
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SYSTEM CONDITION AND MISSION PROFILE.................................................................................119

RELIABILITY MODELING, PREDICTION AND APPORTIONMENT..................................................119
FMECA ANALYSIS AND RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAM..............................................................119
FAULT TREE ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................119
SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS...............................................................................................119
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS........................................................................................119
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS........................................................................................119
FAULT ISOLATION AND TROUBLE SHOOTING ACTIONS PLAN...................................................119
RELIABILITY DEVELOPMENT/GROWTH TESTING PROGRAMME.................................................119
MAINTAINABILITY PRELIMINARY TESTS........................................................................................119
RELIABILITY DEMONSTRATION TESTS..........................................................................................119
MAINTAINABILITY DEMONSTRATION TESTS.................................................................................119
FAILURE DATA COLLECTION FROM FIELD....................................................................................119
FOLLOW UP OF RAM CRITICAL ITEMS...........................................................................................119
6. RAM DELIVERABLE DOCUMENTS AND SCHEDULE..................................................................119
6.1 LIST OF RAM DELIVERABLES....................................................................................................119
6.2 SCHEDULE FOR RAM ANALYSES..............................................................................................119
6.3 PERIODICAL RAM ACTIVITIES REPORT....................................................................................119
THE RAM PROGRAMME PLAN ESTABLISHES ALL THE PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT TASKS,
IN TERMS OF TIMING AND IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS OF THE PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND
DOCUMENTATION TO ACCOMPLISH THE RAM PROGRAMME REQUIREMENTS...............................119
IN THE RAM PROGRAMME PLAN THE SUPPLIER SHALL DECLARE THE PROCEDURES, THE
TOOLS AND THE TIMING FORESEEN FOR IMPLEMENTING THE RAM PROGRAMME.......................119
IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THE SUPPLIER IS RESPONSIBLE TO ESTABLISH THE CONTENT
OF THE RAM PROGRAMME AND OF THE RAM PROGRAMME PLAN AND TO SUBMIT THESE
DOCUMENTS TO THE CUSTOMER FOR ACCEPTANCE WITHIN A TIME AGREED BY THE PARTS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SYSTEM QUALITY PLAN.......................................................................................119
8.5.4 Example of RAM Analyses Document Forms and Data..............................................................119
THE AIM OF THIS PARAGRAPH IS TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF RAM ANALYSES
DOCUMENT FORMS AND DATA IN ORDER TO GIVE TO THE READER THE ABILITY TO HANDLE
WITH MORE PRACTICE ALL THE ISSUES RELATED TO RAM PROGRAMME.....................................119
THE FOLLOWINGS ARE EXAMPLE OF FORMS OF THE MOST COMMON RAM
DOCUMENTATIONS AND ANALYSES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SUPPLIER IN ORDER TO GIVE
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SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION/VISIBILITY OF THE RAM ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT AND TO SHOW

THAT THE ROLLING STOCK IS LIKELY TO SATISFY THE RAM REQUIREMENTS IN EACH PHASE OF
THE LIFE CYCLE FROM THE TENDER TO THE OPERATION PHASE....................................................119
A LIST OF TOOLS SUITABLE FOR USE TO PERFORM THE DIFFERENT ANALYSES AND TO
MANAGE ALL RAM ACTIVITIES IS GIVEN WITHIN EN 50126 - ANNEX B - ITEM B5............................119
8.5.4.1 Common Data for the analyses...............................................................................................................119
A SET OF DATA ARE REFERRED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF OBJECT OF ANALYSIS. THIS

TYPE OF DATA ARE COMMON THROUGH THE DIFFERENT ANALYSES AND ARE REFERRED TO
THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE..............................................................................................................119
THEY REPRESENT THE HEADER OF THE ANALYSIS....................................................................120
IN ORDER TO SIMPLIFY THE COMMON UNDERSTANDING, WITHIN THIS EXAMPLES A THREE
LEVEL BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE HAS BEEN CONSIDERED WHERE THE THIRD LEVEL IS THE LRU
LEVEL..........................................................................................................................................................120
GENERALLY THESE KIND OF DATA ARE AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING:.....................................120
ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................120
ID CODE OF ROLLING STOCK..........................................................................................................120
L1 CODE..............................................................................................................................................120
BREAKDOWN CODE OF THE LEVEL 1 ASSEMBLY........................................................................120
L1 ASSEMBLY.....................................................................................................................................120
DESCRIPTION OF THE LEVEL 1 ASSEMBLY ..................................................................................120
L2 CODE..............................................................................................................................................120
BREAKDOWN CODE OF THE HIGHER ASSEMBLY/SUBASSEMBLY............................................120
L2 ASSEMBLY.....................................................................................................................................120
DESCRIPTION OF THE LEVEL 2 ASSEMBLY ..................................................................................120
DRWG. OR DIAG. REF. ......................................................................................................................120
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF DRAWING OR DIAGRAM CONTAINING THE IDENTIFICATION
REFERENCES OF THE LRUS (CODE AND DESCRIPTION) UNDER CONSIDERATION .......................120
DOC.N..................................................................................................................................................120
CODE OF DOCUMENT........................................................................................................................120
DATE....................................................................................................................................................120
DATE OF DOCUMENT........................................................................................................................120
PAGE N/N............................................................................................................................................120
CONSECUTIVE NUMBER OF PAGE/TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES.................................................120
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DRAWN UP BY....................................................................................................................................120
FIRST AND LAST NAME OF AUTHOR..............................................................................................120
FILENAME...........................................................................................................................................120
NAME OF FILE OF THE DOCUMENT.................................................................................................120
8.5.4.2 Reliability Prediction Analysis Form and Data Sheets.............................................................................121
THE RELIABILITY PREDICTION SHEETS SHOULD CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

121
CODE...................................................................................................................................................121
BREAKDOWN CODE OF LRU............................................................................................................121
DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................121
DESCRIPTION OF LRU.......................................................................................................................121
PART NO.............................................................................................................................................121
PART NO. OF LRU..............................................................................................................................121
FAILURE RATE (IN FAILURES/ MH)..................................................................................................121
FAILURE RATE OF LRU EXPRESSED IN NUMBER OF FAILURES PER MILLION HOURS..........121
MTBF (H)..............................................................................................................................................121
MTBF OF LRU IN HOURS...................................................................................................................121
QTY......................................................................................................................................................121
AMOUNT OF LRU IN L2 ASSEMBLY.................................................................................................121
TOTAL FAILURE RATE (IN FAILURES/MH)......................................................................................121
TOTAL FAILURE RATE, OBTAINED AS THE PRODUCT BETWEEN THE FAILURE RATE OF THE
LRU AND THE QTY OF THE LRUS IN THE L2 ASSEMBLY.....................................................................121
TOTAL MTBF (H).................................................................................................................................121
TOTAL MTBF REFERRED TO THE TOTAL FAILURE RATE............................................................121
TOTAL FAILURES RATE (IN FAILURES/MKM).................................................................................121
AVERAGE FAILURES PER MILLION KM OF THE LRU ...................................................................121
TOTAL QTY.........................................................................................................................................121
TOTAL NO. OF LRUS IN THE WHOLE ROLLING STOCK ...............................................................121
SOURCE OF FAILURE RATE.............................................................................................................121
ORIGIN OF THE FAILURE RATE INDICATED (ALSO CODES OF DATA SOURCES USED)..........121
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NOTES.................................................................................................................................................121
ANY POSSIBLE CLARIFICATIONS ON THE ORIGIN OF THE FAILURE RATE AND CORRECTION
FACTORS INTRODUCED...........................................................................................................................121
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................122
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................122
FIG. 1 EXAMPLE OF RELIABILITY PREDICTION ANALYSIS SHEET.............................................122
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APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN 50126................................................................................................122
8.5.4.3 Maintenance Attributes (Maintenance Levels, Skill Level and LRU definition)........................................124
WITHIN RAILWAY FIELD THERE ARE SEVERAL DEFINITIONS AND ATTRIBUTES OF

MAINTENANCE...........................................................................................................................................124
THE PURPOSE OF THIS PARAGRAPH IS TO ADDRESS TO EVERY PRACTICAL MAINTENANCE
ACTIONS IN ORDER TO CLEAR THE ISSUES AFFECTING RAM REQUIREMENTS AND THEN, WITHIN
THE PREVIOUS SHORT LIST, ONLY THE SUITABLE DEFINITIONS WILL BE CONSIDERED. ............124
AS A COMMON SITUATION WITHIN RAILWAY FIELD, HERE IT IS CONSIDERED THE EXISTENCE
OF A DEPOT FOR THE ROLLING STOCK WITH TRAINED PERSONNEL, RESOURCES, A MINIMUM
SET OF SPARE PARTS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TO CARRY OUT MAINTENANCE WHERE THE
TARGET IS TO MINIMISE THE STANDSTILL TIME OF THE ROLLING STOCK IN ORDER TO RELEASE
THE MAINTAINED ROLLING STOCK READY FOR SERVICE WITHIN THE LOWEST POSSIBLE TIME.
124
WHERE THE COMPLEXITY OF THE MAINTENANCE ACTIONS, RELATED TO THE TRAINED
PERSONNEL, RESOURCES, A MINIMUM SET OF SPARE PARTS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
AVAILABLE WITHIN THE DEPOT, DOES NOT MEET THIS TARGET, THE MAINTENANCE ACTIONS
WILL BE CARRIED OUT WITH THE ROLLING STOCK OUT OF SERVICE WITHIN A SPECIALISED
WORKSHOP................................................................................................................................................124
THE FIRST SITUATION IT IS COMMONLY CALLED AS "FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE" AND THE
SECOND ONE IT IS COMMONLY CALLED AS "SECOND LEVEL MAINTENANCE"..............................124
CONSIDERING THE PREVIOUS CONCERN AND AS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE ANALYSES IS
TO MEET RAM REQUIREMENTS, THERE ARE 2 POSSIBILITIES TO CARRY OUT THE PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE:..........................................................................................................................................124
1 FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE: IN THIS CASE TWO CHOICES CAN BE CONSIDERED
ADDRESSING THE TARGET OF THE FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE:...................................................124
ALL THE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULED ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT WITHIN THE DEPOT.....124
ONLY DISASSEMBLING/ASSEMBLING OF ITEMS (REPLACING ITEMS WITH SPARE PARTS),
AND THE OTHER MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT ON THE DISMANTLED ITEMS
WITHIN THE DEPOT/WORKSHOP.............................................................................................................124
2 SECOND LEVEL MAINTENANCE: IN THIS CASE ONLY ONE CHOICE CAN BE CONSIDERED:
124
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ALL THE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULED ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT WITHIN A WORKSHOP.124
WITHIN THIS CONCERN FOR THE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS FORM AND DATA
SHEETS CAN BE USED THIS TWO CODES AS "MAINTENANCE LEVEL CODES":.............................124
FLPM (FIRST LEVEL PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE).......................................................................124
SLPM (SECOND LEVEL PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE).................................................................124
A SIMILAR SITUATION OCCURS WHEN CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE IS CONSIDERED, BUT IN
THIS CASE BESIDES THE RESOURCES OF THE DEPOT (PERSONNEL, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND
SO ON) ALSO THE FAILURE MODE MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT AS AN ATTRIBUTE
AFFECTING THE RAM REQUIREMENTS:.................................................................................................124
1 FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE: IN THIS CASE TWO CHOICES CAN BE CONSIDERED
ADDRESSING THE TARGET OF THE FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE:...................................................124
REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE: ALL THE REPAIR MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT
WITHIN THE DEPOT...................................................................................................................................124
NOT REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE: ONLY DISASSEMBLING/ASSEMBLING OF ITEMS
(REPLACING ITEMS WITH SPARE PARTS)..............................................................................................124
2 SECOND LEVEL MAINTENANCE: IN THIS CASE ONLY ONE CHOICE CAN BE CONSIDERED:
124
REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE: ONLY DISASSEMBLING/ASSEMBLING OF ITEMS (REPLACING
ITEMS WITH SPARE PARTS), AND THE OTHER REPAIR MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ARE CARRIED
OUT ON THE DISMANTLED ITEMS WITHIN THE DEPOT/WORKSHOP..................................................125
WITHIN THIS CONCERN FOR THE CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS FORM AND DATA
SHEETS CAN BE USED THIS THREE CODES AS "MAINTENANCE LEVEL CODES":..........................125
FLCM - REP (FIRST LEVEL CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE)
125
FLCM - NOT REP (FIRST LEVEL CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH NOT REPAIRABLE
FAILURE MODE).........................................................................................................................................125
SLCM (SECOND LEVEL CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE)................................................................125
DEPENDING ON THE DEFINITION OF FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE, ALSO THE DEFINITION OF
LRU (LINE REPLACEABLE UNIT) CAN BE CLARIFIED:..........................................................................125
LRU = IT IS THE ITEM ON WHICH FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT.
125
THIS DEFINITION CAN BE USED WHERE THE DEPTH OF THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE MUST
BE DEFINED. (SEE 8.1.3)...........................................................................................................................125
AS AN AID TO ESTABLISH "SKILL LEVEL CODES", THE FOLLOWING ARE SUGGESTED AS AN
EXAMPLE:...................................................................................................................................................125
LOW SKILL LEVEL (CODE "L"): PERSONNEL WITH BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE
SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS AND ABLE TO CARRY OUT SIMPLE AND EASY ACTIONS SUCH AS:......125
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ACTIONS IN WHICH THE ITEM IS DIRECTLY VISIBLE (EASILY ACCESSIBLE WITHOUT

COMPLEX DISASSEMBLING ACTIONS) AND THAT CAN BE PERFORMED USING STANDARD TOOLS
(SCREWDRIVER, WRENCH, ).................................................................................................................125
INTERMEDIATE SKILL LEVEL (CODE "I"): PERSONNEL WITH SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE
SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS AND ABLE TO CARRY OUT DETAILED ACTIONS SUCH AS: ....................125
SEARCHING FOR THE ITEM NEEDING MAINTENANCE, ALSO USING NOT STANDARD
TOOLS/EQUIPMENT (MULTIMETER, GAUGE, TESTER,) AND WITH DISASSEMBLING ACTIONS
EVEN USING DIAGRAMS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL......................................................................125
HIGH SKILL LEVEL (CODE "H"): PERSONNEL WITH COMPLETE AND SPECIALISED
KNOWLEDGE OF THE SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS AND ABLE TO CARRY OUT DETAILED ACTIONS
SUCH AS: ...................................................................................................................................................125
SEARCHING FOR THE ITEM NEEDING MAINTENANCE, ALSO USING SOPHISTICATED TOOLS
FOR TECHNICAL MEASURES (OSCILLOSCOPE, LOGIC STATE ANALYSER, ) AND FOR FINE
TUNING AND WITH DISASSEMBLING ACTIONS EVEN USING DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS AND
MAINTENANCE MANUAL...........................................................................................................................125
8.5.4.4 Preventive Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets.......................................................................125
THE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEETS SHOULD CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING

INFORMATION:...........................................................................................................................................125
CODE...................................................................................................................................................125
DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................125
PART NO.............................................................................................................................................125
PART NO. OF LRU..............................................................................................................................125
QTY......................................................................................................................................................125
PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................124
STEP NO..............................................................................................................................................126
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................124
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................124
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................124
CONSECUTIVE NUMBER USED TO IDENTIFY EACH MAINTENANCE TASK ...............................126
MAINTENANCE TASK........................................................................................................................126
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE TASK.........................................................126

SPARE PARTS AND SPECIAL TOOLS..............................................................................................126
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT (NOT PROVIDED BY THE DEPOT OR WORKSHOP
AND IN ANY CASE NOT EASILY AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET) AND MATERIALS NECESSARY
(CONSUMABLES AND SPARES)...............................................................................................................126
FREQUENCY.......................................................................................................................................126
FREQUENCY OF THE MAINTENANCE TASK (TIME OR KM)..........................................................126
MAINTENANCE LEVEL.......................................................................................................................126
CODES OF THE MAINTENANCE LEVELS USED BY THE MAINTAINER .......................................126
PERSONNEL.......................................................................................................................................126
NUMBER OF PERSONS NECESSARY AT THE SAME TIME FOR THE MAINTENANCE TASK
DESCRIBED ...............................................................................................................................................126
SKILL LEVEL.......................................................................................................................................126
CODE OF THE SKILL LEVEL REQUESTED FOR THE PERSONNEL TO CARRY OUT THE
MAINTENANCE TASK................................................................................................................................126
SPARE PARTS COST.........................................................................................................................126
UNIT COST OF MATERIALS EXPRESSED IN EURO........................................................................126
MAN HOURS........................................................................................................................................126
TIME REQUIRED FOR THE MAINTENANCE TASK MULTIPLIED BY THE NUMBER OF PERSONS
NECESSARY...............................................................................................................................................126
STANDSTILL TIME..............................................................................................................................126
STANDSTILL TIME FOR THE ROLLING STOCK DURING THE MAINTENANCE TASK.................126
TOTAL QTY.........................................................................................................................................126
NOTES.................................................................................................................................................126
ANY NOTES, COMMENTS OR REMARKS ON THE LOGISTICS OR OTHER (E.G. REFERENCES
TO THE MAINTENANCE MANUAL)...........................................................................................................126
AS AN AID TO ESTABLISH THE MAINTENANCE PLAN THE FOLLOWING SHEET CONTAINS
REARRANGED DATA FOR THE SAME FREQUENCY. THIS SHEET ALSO CONTAINS AN INDICATION
FOR LOGISTIC ORGANISATION OF THE MAINTAINER WITH THE "FREQUENCY TOTAL DATA",
WHERE THE SUPPLIER IS ASKED TO INDICATE THE FOLLOWING DATA FOR THE FREQUENCY
ANALYSED:.................................................................................................................................................126
MAN-HOUR REQUESTED TO COMPLETE ALL THE MAINTENANCE TASKS OF THE FREQUENCY
126
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STANDSTILL TIME FOR THE ROLLING STOCK TO COMPLETE ALL THE MAINTENANCE TASKS
OF THE FREQUENCY.................................................................................................................................126
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PERSONS SIMULTANEOUSLY INVOLVED TO COMPLETE ALL THE
MAINTENANCE TASKS OF THE FREQUENCY .......................................................................................126
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................127
FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET........................................127
PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................127
FIG. 3 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SHEET FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY..........129
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................127
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................127
8.5.4.5 Corrective Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets.......................................................................130
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................130
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................130
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................130
THE CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEETS SHOULD CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION:...........................................................................................................................................130
CODE...................................................................................................................................................130
DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................130
PART NO.............................................................................................................................................130
PART NO. OF LRU..............................................................................................................................130
QTY......................................................................................................................................................130
FAILURE MODE..................................................................................................................................130
FAILURE MODE ANALYSED FOR THE LRU REFERRING THE FMECA ANALYSIS SHEET.........130
MAINTENANCE TASK........................................................................................................................130
DESCRIPTION OF THE CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE TASK.........................................................130
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SPARE PARTS AND SPECIAL TOOLS..............................................................................................130

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT (NOT PROVIDED BY THE DEPOT OR WORKSHOP
AND IN ANY CASE NOT EASILY AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET) AND MATERIALS NECESSARY
(CONSUMABLES AND SPARES)...............................................................................................................130
FAILURE RATE OF THE FAILURE MODE OF THE LRU EXPRESSED IN NUMBER OF FAILURES
PER MILLION HOURS.................................................................................................................................130
MAINTENANCE LEVEL ......................................................................................................................130
CODES OF THE MAINTENANCE LEVELS USED BY THE MAINTAINER .......................................130
PERSONNEL.......................................................................................................................................130
NUMBER OF PERSONS NECESSARY AT THE SAME TIME FOR THE MAINTENANCE TASK
DESCRIBED ...............................................................................................................................................130
SKILL LEVEL.......................................................................................................................................130
CODE OF THE SKILL LEVEL REQUESTED FOR THE PERSONNEL TO CARRY OUT THE
MAINTENANCE TASK................................................................................................................................130
SPARE PARTS COST.........................................................................................................................130
UNIT COST OF MATERIALS EXPRESSED IN EURO........................................................................130
MAN HOURS........................................................................................................................................130
TIME REQUIRED FOR THE MAINTENANCE TASK MULTIPLIED BY THE NUMBER OF PERSONS
NECESSARY...............................................................................................................................................130
STANDSTILL TIME..............................................................................................................................130
STANDSTILL TIME FOR THE ROLLING STOCK DURING THE MAINTENANCE TASK.................130
TOTAL QTY.........................................................................................................................................130
NOTES.................................................................................................................................................130
ANY NOTES, COMMENTS OR REMARKS ON THE LOGISTICS OR OTHER (E.G. REFERENCES
TO THE MAINTENANCE MANUAL)...........................................................................................................130
PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................130
FIG. 4 EXAMPLE OF CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET........................................132
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................131
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................131
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DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................131

PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................131
8.5.4.6 Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis Form and Data Sheets......................................................133
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................133

DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................133
THE FMECA CAN BE CARRIED OUT ADDRESSING ANALYSIS TO EXAMINE FUNCTIONS OR
ITEMS; THE FOLLOWING SHOWED EXAMPLE IS ADDRESSED TO ITEMS ANALYSIS......................133
THE FMECA SHEETS SHOULD CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:..............................133
CODE...................................................................................................................................................133
DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................133
PART NO.............................................................................................................................................133
PART NO. OF LRU..............................................................................................................................133
QTY......................................................................................................................................................133
FUNCTION...........................................................................................................................................133
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION PERFORMED BY THE LRU .......................................133
FAILURE MODE..................................................................................................................................133
THE PREDICTED OR OBSERVED RESULTS OF A FAILURE CAUSE ON THE LRU IN RELATION
TO THE OPERATING CONDITIONS AT THE TIME OF THE FAILURE.....................................................133
FAILURE CAUSE.................................................................................................................................133
THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH HAVE LED TO A FAILURE............................................................133
FAILURE RATE OF THE FAILURE MODE OF THE LRU EXPRESSED IN NUMBER OF FAILURES
PER MILLION HOURS.................................................................................................................................133
LOCAL EFFECTS................................................................................................................................133
WORST EFFECTS OF THE FAILURE MODE ON THE LRU..............................................................133
EFFECT ON HIGHER ASSY................................................................................................................133
WORST EFFECTS OF THE FAILURE MODE ON THE L1/L2 ASSEMBLY.......................................133
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EFFECTS ON ROLLING STOCK........................................................................................................133

WORST EFFECTS OF THE FAILURE MODE ON THE ROLLING STOCK, ALSO CONSIDERING ITS
POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON OTHER ASSEMBLIES OR SUBASSEMBLIES................................................133
CRITICALITY.......................................................................................................................................133
CODE OF THE CATEGORY OF CRITICALITY OF THE FAILURE MODE ACCORDING TO A
STATED TABLE OF REFERENCE CONSIDERING ON THE BASIS OF EFFECTS AFFECTING SAFETY
AND/OR SERVICE.......................................................................................................................................133
FAILURE CATEGORY DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................133
CODES AND DESCRIPTION OF THE FAILURE CATEGORY ACCORDING THE FAILURE
CATEGORIES ESTABLISHED ...................................................................................................................133
DIAGNOSIS..........................................................................................................................................133
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD OF DETECTING AND DIAGNOSTICS USED TO DETECT AND
IDENTIFY THE FAILURE MODE.................................................................................................................133
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS.....................................................................................................................133
DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASURES OR COMPENSATORY MEANS SUGGESTED TO PREVENT
THE FAILURE MODE, MINIMISE ITS CRITICALITY OR REDUCE/ELIMINATE ITS EFFECTS................133
NOTES.................................................................................................................................................133
ANY NOTES, COMMENTS OR REMARKS USEFUL FOR THE ANALYSIS......................................133
NOTE THAT THE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS MUST BE ADDRESSED TO:........................................133
THE DESIGNER WHEN THE FMECA IS CARRIED OUT DURING THE DESIGN PHASE IN ORDER
TO IMPROVE THE DESIGN OF THE ROLLING STOCK............................................................................133
ON BOARD AND MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND THEN INCLUDED WITHIN MAINTENANCE
AND USER MANUAL IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE SERVICE OF THE ROLLING STOCK, .................134
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................133
PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................133
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................135
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................135
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................135
FIG. 5 EXAMPLE OF FMECA SHEET.................................................................................................135
PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................135
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RAM ASSURANCE DURING LIFE CYCLE.......................................................................................136

9.1 RAM PROGRAMME AND PHASES OF THE LIFE CYCLE......................................................................................136
THIS SECTION PROVIDES INFORMATION SUPPORTING OVERALL AND PRELIMINARY RAM

REQUIREMENTS.........................................................................................................................................136
ALSO IT GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT ACTIVITIES AND DOCUMENTATION DURING THE LIFE
CYCLE PHASES SUPPORTING DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
ROLLING STOCK INCLUDING ITS SYSTEMS AND SUB-SYSTEMS.......................................................136
ALSO, THIS SECTION AIMS TO DEFINE WHAT PHASES OF THE SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE THE RAM
PROGRAMME DEALS WITH AND TO PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT:..................................136
ACTIVITIES TO BE MANAGED...........................................................................................................136
ANALYSIS AND TOOLS TO BE IMPLEMENTED ..............................................................................136
DOCUMENTATION TO BE PROVIDED .............................................................................................136
DURING THE RAM PROGRAMME PROCESS. .................................................................................136
ACCORDING TO THE DEFINITIONS ABOVE, WE CAN DEFINE THE RAM PROGRAMME AS
SHOWN IN THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM..................................................................................................136
FIG. 6 RAM PROGRAMME AND LIFE CYCLE PHASES...................................................................136
THE ENTITIES INVOLVED IN THE LIFE CYCLE ARE EXPLAINED IN 7.2. .....................................136
THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE SHOWS THE INTEGRATION PROCESS AND THE PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION WHEN:........................................................................................................................136
THE CUSTOMER IS ALSO THE OPERATOR AND THE MAINTAINER;...........................................137
THE MAIN SUPPLIER IS ALONE AND HAS TO NEGOTIATE SUB-CONTRACTS WITH SUPPLIERS.
137
..............................................................................................................................................................137
9.1.1 Tender phase:.............................................................................................................................138
THE TENDER PHASE IS PREPARED BY THE CUSTOMER DURING THE PREVIOUS PHASES
(SEE FIG. 6 PHASES 1 TO 5) AND IT RESULTS IN THE CALL FOR TENDER DOCUMENT SENT TO ALL
THE POTENTIAL SUPPLIERS....................................................................................................................138
THE CALL FOR TENDER CONTAINS DATA ABOUT CONCEPT, DEFINITION AND SPECIFICATION
OF ROLLING STOCK AND RAM REQUIREMENT TO BE FULFILLED ACCORDING 8..........................138
THE CUSTOMER SHOULD ASK THE POTENTIAL SUPPLIERS FOR DATA AND ANALYSIS
DURING TENDER PHASE. THIS DOCUMENTATION IS USEFUL TO BETTER MATCH DIFFERENT
OFFERS ON THE SAME BASIS.................................................................................................................138
EXAMPLES OF DOCUMENTATION TO BE REQUIRED DURING TENDER PHASE CAN BE TAKEN
FROM DESIGN PHASE DOCUMENTATION. (SEE 8.5.4)..........................................................................138
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BEFORE ANSWERING TO THE CALL FOR TENDER, THE SUPPLIER HAS TO PERFORM
RELEVANT TASKS TO INSURE THAT ALL RISKS RELATED TO THE COMPLIANCE WITH EACH
REQUIREMENTS ARE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION:.........................................................................138
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS: THIS ANALYSIS ALLOWS TO DETERMINATE THE BEST REASONABLE
PERFORMANCES WHICH CAN BE ACHIEVED TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CURRENT EXPERIENCE
RESULTING FROM THE NEW MISSION PROFILE AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT VARIATIONS ON THE
DEFINITION OF THE SYSTEM. THIS TASK IS PERFORMED AT ROLLING STOCK LEVEL, USING
CURRENT EXPERIENCE ON SIMILAR APPLICATIONS AND CALCULATION MODELS LIKE FAULT
TREE ANALYSIS OR RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS.........................................................................138
RISK ANALYSIS: REFERRING TO THE BEST REASONABLE PERFORMANCES CALCULATED
THROUGH FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS, THIS TASK ALLOWS TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY TO
PAY PENALTIES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GAP BETWEEN REQUIRED AND ACHIEVABLE
PERFORMANCES.......................................................................................................................................138
ANSWER TO THE TENDER: WRITE THE DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE OFFER RELATED TO
RAM ACTIVITY PROVIDING THE RAM DOCUMENTS REQUESTED BY THE CUSTOMER...................138
NEGOTIATION: ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS ASKED BY THE CUSTOMER AND/OR SUPPORT
THE NEGOTIATION TEAM DURING THE NEGOTIATION PHASE...........................................................138
AFTER RECEIVING OFFERS THE CUSTOMER EVALUATES THE DOCUMENTS AND CHOOSES
FOR THE BEST OFFER..............................................................................................................................138
USUALLY A SHORT PHASE OF NEGOTIATION BETWEEN THE CUSTOMER AND THE
POTENTIAL SUPPLIER IS PLANNED, WHERE CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTS ARE TAKEN............138
THE TENDER PHASE IS CONCLUDED BY THE CONTRACT AWARD OR THE NOTICE TO
PROCEED....................................................................................................................................................138
9.1.2 Design Phase..............................................................................................................................139
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................136
THE FOLLOWING FLOW CHART SHOWS THE DIFFERENT TASKS INCLUDED IN THE RAM
PROGRAMME TO BE IMPLEMENTED AFTER CONTRACT AWARD OR NOTICE TO PROCEED.........139
THE INPUT DOCUMENTATION OF THIS PHASE IS THE TENDER DOCUMENTATION PRESENTED
BY THE SUPPLIER AND THE CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTS FULFILLED DURING NEGOTIATION.139
..............................................................................................................................................................140
THE FOLLOWING IS THE DESCRIPTION OF A POSSIBLE DEFINITION OF THE TASKS:............140
DESIGNATION.....................................................................................................................................140
DESCRIPTION OF THE TASK............................................................................................................140
RAM SPECIFICATION.........................................................................................................................140
THIS FIRST STEP, AFTER CONTRACT AWARD, ALLOWS THE ROLLING STOCK MAIN
CONTRACTOR TO SPECIFY TO SUB CONTRACTORS, PARTNERS OR EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS THE
CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO SUBSYSTEMS, FUNCTIONS OR EQUIPMENTS IN
THEIR SCOPE OF SUPPLY........................................................................................................................140
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DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................136
ALSO, IT GENERALLY INCLUDES THE DELIVERY FOR APPROVAL OF THE RAM PROGRAMME.
141
PRELIMINARY ANALYSES.................................................................................................................141
THE INPUTS OF THIS TASK ARE THE TENDER DOCUMENTS AND THE CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENTS............................................................................................................................................141
IMPLEMENTED AT FUNCTIONAL LEVEL, THIS TASK AIMS TO HIGHLIGHT THE RAM CRITICAL
FUNCTIONS ON WHICH FURTHER DETAILED ANALYSES WILL FOCUS.............................................141
DURING THIS PHASE, THE CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS WILL BE MADE USING THE
FAILURE CATEGORIES DEFINED BY THE SUPPLIER AND ADAPTED TO THE SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS OF THE CONTRACT......................................................................................................141
THIS TASK IS PERFORMED USING FUNCTIONAL FMECAS TO IDENTIFY RAM CRITICAL
FUNCTIONS AND RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS...............................................................................141
THE DELIVERABLE OF THIS TASK IS A SET OF PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO COVER ALL THE
RAM REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................................141
GENERALLY, THE LEVEL OF DEPTH OF THE ANALYSES IS NOT LOW, BUT THE LEVEL IS
ESTABLISHED ACCORDING THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE OF THE ROLLING STOCK AND
ACCORDING THE LEVEL OF DEFINITION AND SPECIFICATION OF THE TECHNICAL AND
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN................................................................................................................................141
PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW.......................................................................................................141
THIS MILESTONE IS STATED TO CHECK THE DESIGN PROCESS AND TO REVIEW ALL THE
RAM DOCUMENTATION WITH THE PURPOSE OF ENSURING THAT THE RAM REQUIREMENTS ARE
PROPERLY ACHIEVED AND TO EXAMINE PROBLEMS ARISING.........................................................141
DETAILED ANALYSES.......................................................................................................................141
THIS TASK AIMS TO PERFORM DETAILED ANALYSES HIGHLIGHTED DURING THE
PRELIMINARY ANALYSES........................................................................................................................141
DURING THIS TASK THE SUPPLIER HAS ALREADY REACH A GOOD LEVEL OF DEPTH FOR
THE DESIGN AND THEN THE CORRESPONDING BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE OF THE ROLLING
STOCK WILL BE AT LRU LEVEL...............................................................................................................141
AS A CONSEQUENCE, THE SET OF THE ANALYSES OF THE PREVIOUS PHASE WILL BE
UPDATED AND DETAILED CONSIDERATIONS ACCORDING THE RAM REQUIREMENT ARE MADE.
141
THE FINAL SCOPE OF SUCH ANALYSES IS TO MAKE SURE OF THE FULFILLMENT OF THE
RAM REQUIREMENT OF THE DESIGNED ROLLING STOCK..................................................................141
SOLVE LAST PROBLEMS, WHEN ARISEN.......................................................................................141
VERIFY THE COMPLETENESS OF THE SET OF DOCUMENTS......................................................141
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PREPARE ACTIVITIES FOR TESTS AND COLLECTION OF DATA FROM FIELD..........................141

DURING THIS PHASE THE SUPPLIER COLLECTS DETAILED ANALYSES CARRIED OUT BY
SUB CONTRACTORS IN ORDER TO:........................................................................................................141
INSURE A GOOD CONSISTENCY BETWEEN THEM;.......................................................................141
INTEGRATE THE PREVISIONS PROVIDED BY THEM, AT EQUIPMENT LEVEL IN THE MODEL, IN
ORDER TO GET PREVISIONS AT ROLLING STOCK LEVEL;................................................................141
INTEGRATE INTERFACES MALFUNCTIONS IN THE MODEL FOR PREVISION............................141
FINAL DESIGN REVIEW.....................................................................................................................141
THIS MILESTONE IS STATED TO CHECK THE DESIGN PROCESS AND TO REVIEW ALL THE
RAM DOCUMENTATION WITH THE PURPOSE OF ENSURING THAT THE RAM REQUIREMENTS ARE
PROPERLY ACHIEVED AND TO EXAMINE PROBLEMS ARISING.........................................................141
THE FINAL SCOPE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO:....................................................................................141
CHECK THE FULFILLMENT OF THE RAM REQUIREMENTS..........................................................141
SOLVE LAST PROBLEMS, WHEN ARISEN.......................................................................................142
VERIFY THE COMPLETENESS OF THE SET OF DOCUMENTS......................................................142
PREPARE ACTIVITIES FOR TESTS AND COLLECTION OF DATA FROM FIELD..........................142
RAM GROWTH MONITORING............................................................................................................142
THIS TASK AIMS TO MONITOR RAM GROWTH (ESSENTIALLY RELIABILITY GROWTH) SO THAT
THE TIME TO GET STEADY STATE LEVEL IS THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE..........................................142
THIS TASK CONSISTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS
INVOLVING ALL THE SUBCONTRACTORS AND THE CONTRACTOR IN ORDER TO:.........................142
IDENTIFY THE PROBLEMS OCCURRING DURING THE EARLIEST OPERATION PHASE;..........142
HIGHLIGHT THE MOST CONTRIBUTIVE PROBLEMS AFFECTING CONTRACTUAL SERVICE
PERFORMANCES;......................................................................................................................................142
ELABORATE AN ACTION PLAN ALLOWING TO ERADICATE THE PROBLEMS OR MITIGATE
THEIR EFFECTS;........................................................................................................................................142
FOLLOW UP THE IMPACT OF SUCH ACTION PLAN TO DECIDE ABOUT CARRYING ON THE
ITERATIVE PROCESS OR STOP IT...........................................................................................................142
FOLLOW UP OF CRITICAL ITEMS.....................................................................................................142
THIS TASK IS A SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT TASK IMPLEMENTED ALL ALONG THE DESIGN
PROCESS FROM PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO SERVICE OPERATION...............................................142
IT CONSISTS IN:.................................................................................................................................142
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IDENTIFYING, AS ISSUES OF THE RAM ANALYSIS PROCESS (PRELIMINARY AND DETAILED

ANALYSIS) THE CRITICAL SCENARIOS (FAILURES ASSOCIATED TO THEIR EFFECTS ON SERVICE
OR ON SAFETY) ;.......................................................................................................................................142
CLASSIFYING THESE SCENARIOS ACCORDING TO COMBINATION OF THEIR ESTIMATED
FREQUENCY AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SAFETY OR SERVICE;............................................................142
PROPOSING OR ASK THE DESIGNERS TO PROPOSE ACTIONS OR PROVISIONS TO
ELIMINATE THE SCENARIOS OR MITIGATE THEIR EFFECTS;.............................................................142
ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF THE ACTION PLAN; .......................................................................142
FOLLOWING UP APPLICATION OF THESE ACTIONS DURING THE LATEST DESIGN PHASES OR
DURING MANUFACTURING;.....................................................................................................................142
THIS TASK IS PERFORMED USING PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES......................................142
9.1.3 Demonstration Phase..................................................................................................................142
9.1.3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................142
THIS PARAGRAPH DEALS WITH THE OPERATION PERIOD IN WHICH CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO
CHECK THE FULFILMENT OF RAM CONTRACTUAL TARGETS FOR THE ROLLING STOCK UNDER
CONSIDERATION BY RAM DEMONSTRATION TESTS AND COLLECTION OF DATA FROM FIELD...142
FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CUSTOMER, THE COLLECTION OF DATA FROM FIELD HAS
THE TARGET OF ADDRESSING:...............................................................................................................142
A BASIS FOR ROLLING STOCK ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................142
A KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ROLLING STOCK PERFORMANCE.................................................142
A REFERENCE DATA BASE FOR NEW ROLLING STOCKS/SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS TENDERING
142
ALSO, FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE SUPPLIER, THE COLLECTION OF DATA FROM
FIELD HAS THE TARGET OF:....................................................................................................................142
MONITORING/VERIFYING DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALLATION PHASE....................142
MONITORING ROLLING STOCK OPERATION TO ADDRESS CORRECTIVE ACTIONS................142
GATHERING DATA AND KNOWLEDGE FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT ....................................143
ALSO, IN THE LONG TERM OPERATION, THE TARGET IS TO FIND OUT WEAK POINTS IN THE
MANAGEMENT PROCESS (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASES) IN ORDER TO FORM A
BASIS FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT AND COST REDUCTION TO OPTIMISE MAINTENANCE
AND OPERATION........................................................................................................................................143
THE DEFINITION OF TEST PROCEDURES HAVE TO BE COHERENT WITH THE SYSTEM
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS AND DEFINITION GIVEN IN 8. ...................................................................143
ALL THE RAM DOCUMENTS PROVIDED DURING DESIGN PERIOD ACCORDING THE RAM
PROGRAMME ARE INTENDED TO BE PROOF OF COMPLIANCE WITH RAM REQUIREMENTS OF THE
DESIGNED ROLLING STOCK....................................................................................................................143
9.1.3.2 RAM Acceptance Criteria.........................................................................................................................143
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ON THE BASIS OF THE RAM REQUIREMENTS CHOSEN, THE CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO DEFINE
THE RAM ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ON THE FIELD................................................................................143
THE DEFINITION OF RELIABILITY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA HAS TO BE ADDRESSED TO
SPECIFY THE CONDITIONS IN WHICH A FAILURE IS CLASSIFIED AS "CHARGEABLE" OR DUE TO
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SUPPLIER, OR ALTERNATIVELY IS CLASSIFIED AS "UNCHARGEABLE".
143
THE FOLLOWING GENERAL CONDITIONS OF FAILURE ARE TO BE CONSIDERED AS
"UNCHARGEABLE" WHEN VERIFIED:.....................................................................................................143
FAILURES OCCURRED DURING THE SERVICE OUT OF THE STATED CONDITIONS OF
OPERATION................................................................................................................................................143
FAILURES DUE TO CUSTOMER PERSONNEL.................................................................................143
FAILURES DUE TO ACCIDENTAL EVENTS......................................................................................143
IN THE SAME WAY THE CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO DEFINE FOR EACH RAM REQUIREMENT
DETAILED ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH, BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF THE
CHECKING PERIOD, CLEAR RULES TO BE FOLLOWED.......................................................................143
9.1.3.3 In service checking Period.......................................................................................................................143
THE CUSTOMER IS RESPONSIBLE IN DEFINING AN APPROPRIATE DURATION OF THE

CHECKING PERIOD....................................................................................................................................143
DEFINING THE CHECKING PERIOD, THE CUSTOMER SHOULD CONSIDER THAT USUALLY THE
RAM TARGETS ARE NOT ACHIEVED IN THE FIRST PERIOD OF OPERATION, BUT AFTER A BURN-IN
PERIOD WHERE A RELIABILITY GROWTH MONITORING PROCESS HAS TO BE IMPLEMENTED....143
GENERALLY THE STEADY STATE LEVEL IS ACHIEVED AT LEAST AFTER 2 YEARS OF
REVENUE SERVICE....................................................................................................................................143
THE RELIABILITY GROWTH PROCESS IS A CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF THE TARGETS ON
FIELD AND SUCCESSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS AND MATCHING AGAINST THE
CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................143
WHERE RESULTS FROM FIELD DO NOT MEET CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS, CORRECTIVE
ACTIONS ARE REQUESTED TO THE SUPPLIER.....................................................................................143
CHOOSING THE CHECKING PERIOD, IT IS IMPORTANT TO HIGHLIGHT THAT:.........................143
WITHIN THE RELIABILITY GROWTH PROCESS, THE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS MUST BE
MANAGED AS DESCRIBED IN 8.5.2, WITH A CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN, AS APPROPRIATE.......143
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE RAM CHECKING PERIOD, THE RELIABILITY GROWTH PROCESS
HAS TO BE CONCLUDED..........................................................................................................................143
IN ORDER TO MANAGE A COHERENT FIELD DATA COLLECTION THE CONFIGURATION OF
THE ROLLING STOCK HAS TO BE FROZEN............................................................................................143
THE DURATION OF THE CHECKING PERIOD HAS TO BE CHOSEN EVALUATING:....................144
THE NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK OF THE FLEET AND THE CUMULATIVE ANNUAL
KILOMETRES OF SERVICE.......................................................................................................................144
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THE MAINTENANCE PLAN OF THE ROLLING STOCK....................................................................144

THE RAM REQUIREMENTS CHOSEN BY THE CUSTOMER............................................................144
THE DURATION OF THE CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CUSTOMER AND
SUPPLIER (I.E. DURATION OF WARRANTY PERIOD) ............................................................................144
ALSO, THE CUSTOMER MUST CONSIDER, AS APPROPRIATE, IF THE CHECKING PERIOD AND
THE FIELD DATA COLLECTION IS ADDRESSED TO COVER:...............................................................144
THE ENTIRE ROLLING STOCK FLEET.............................................................................................144
A SELECTED NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK OF THE FLEET.......................................................144
OTHER SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS OF INTEREST.............................................................................144
9.1.3.4 Data Report from field and organisation..................................................................................................144
THE FIELD DATA COLLECTION, WITHIN THE CHECKING PERIOD, COMPRISES THE WHOLE
PROCESS OF GATHERING DATA ON FIGURES AND EVENTS OCCURRING SUCH AS:....................144
FAILURES DURING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE..................................................................144
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAILURES (SIGNIFICANT, MAJOR, MINOR)........................................144
STRUCTURE CODE OF THE ITEM SOURCE OF THE FAILURE......................................................144
DESCRIPTION OF THE FAULT DETECTED......................................................................................144
WORK DURING MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................144
AMOUNT OF MAN-HOURS.................................................................................................................144
MATERIAL CONSUMPTION...............................................................................................................144
KILOMETRES/HOURS OF SERVICE..................................................................................................144
DOWNTIMES AND STANDSTILL TIMES (ALSO LOGISTIC AND ADMINISTRATIONAL DELAYS)144
ALSO REPORTS ABOUT REPAIR AND CAUSE OF FAILURE ARE NECESSARY TO ADDRESS
CORRECT CORRECTIVE ACTIONS..........................................................................................................144
OBVIOUSLY, IDENTIFICATION DATA HAS TO BE COLLECTED TO GAIN TRACEABILITY FOR
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS SUCH AS:...................................................................................................144
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE REPORT CONTAINING DATA................................................144
DATE OF THE EVENT OCCURRED...................................................................................................144
DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION STATUS..................................................................................144
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE ROLLING STOCK (OR VEHICLE) WITHIN THE FLEET........144
ALSO A PREVENTIVE INFORMATION ON RESPONSIBILITY COULD BE GIVEN TO ADDRESS
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA...........................................................................................................................144
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USUALLY THE CUSTOMER AND THE SUPPLIER AGREE FOR A RAM DEMONSTRATION PLAN
CONTAINING, AT LEAST, SPECIFICATION OF:.......................................................................................144
RULES AND METHODS......................................................................................................................144
RESOURCE AND TOOLS...................................................................................................................145
ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITY..........................................................................................145
FIELD DATA COLLECTION SITES (DEPOTS, WORKSHOPS).........................................................145
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS (I.E. RAM ANALYSES AND BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE)................145
RAM CONTRACTUAL TARGETS.......................................................................................................145
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA...................................................................................................................145
PROCEDURE TO COLLECT DATA....................................................................................................145
DETECTION OF ALL SOURCE OF DATA AND ANY DISTURBANCES...........................................145
SCHEDULE OF PERIODICAL FIELD DATA COLLECTION REVIEWS.............................................145
PROCEDURE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AND TO ADDRESS CORRECTIVE ACTIONS....................145
PROCEDURE FOR IMPLEMENTING CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN................................................145
IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THE CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN HAS TO CONTAIN ALSO
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS ON THE CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT PROCESS AS EXPLAINED IN 8.5.2................................................................................145
10
SPECIFIC HAZARDS RELATED TO ROLLING STOCK................................................................146
10.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................146
THE AIM OF THIS PARAGRAPH IS TO GIVE A REFERENCE LIST OF THE MOST COMMON
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH ROLLING STOCK...................................................................................146
THE READER IS ASKED TO CONSIDER THIS LIST AS AN AID TO DEVELOP MORE SUITABLE
AND COHERENT LIST OF HAZARDS RELATED TO THE ROLLING STOCK UNDER CONSIDERATION.
146
10.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION PROCESS..............................................................................................................146
THE DEFINITION OF A LIST OF HAZARDS IS A COMPLEX AND DELICATE PROCESS
REQUIRING A DEEP KNOWLEDGE OF THE RAILWAY SCENARIOS....................................................146
THE PROCESS OF DERIVING DETAILED HAZARDS FOR ROLLING STOCK SHALL BE
ADDRESSED TO COVER ALL THE POSSIBLE AND REASONABLE FACTORS INFLUENCING SAFETY
BY CONSIDERING AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING:....................................................................................146
TYPE OF OPERATION........................................................................................................................146
PROCEDURES OF SIGNALLING.......................................................................................................146
MODE OF OPERATION.......................................................................................................................146
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RULES AND LAWS CONSTRAINTS..................................................................................................146

STANDARDS APPLICABLE...............................................................................................................146
TECHNICAL AND FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION...........................................................................146
MAINTENANCE AND LOGISTIC SUPPORT ISSUES........................................................................146
HUMAN FACTORS..............................................................................................................................146
ENVIRONMENT AND FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE ISSUES...............................................................146
AND SO ON.........................................................................................................................................146
ALL THE CONSIDERATION SHALL BE ADDRESSED TO IDENTIFY ALL THE POSSIBLE
SITUATIONS OR ASSOCIATED EVENTS LIKELY TO HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE SAFETY, IN TERMS
OF INJURY OR DEATH OF HUMANS, FOR PASSENGERS AND/OR SERVICE PERSONNEL WHEN
THEY ARE:..................................................................................................................................................146
ON THE ROLLING STOCK..................................................................................................................146
ENTERING/ALIGHTING VEHICLES....................................................................................................146
ON OR NEAR THE LINE.....................................................................................................................146
ON THE STATION...............................................................................................................................146
PERFORMING MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................146
THE USE OF DATA OF PREVIOUS ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS, GENERIC LISTS AND EACH
OTHER DOCUMENT DEALING WITH SAFETY HAZARDS IS RECOMMENDED.....................................146
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10.3 LIST OF THE MOST COMMON HAZARDS RELATED TO ROLLING STOCK.....................................................................147
ON THE ABOVE MENTIONED BASIS AND CONSIDERATION THE BELOW REPORTED LIST
CONTAINS THE MOST COMMON HAZARDS RELATED TO ROLLING STOCK GROUPED INTO
GENERAL CATEGORIES...........................................................................................................................147
ELECTRICAL.......................................................................................................................................147
TENSIONED SURFACES/POINTS......................................................................................................147
OVERHEATING...................................................................................................................................147
IGNITION OF COMBUSTIBLES..........................................................................................................147
INDUCED VOLTAGE (CAPACITIVE COUPLING)..............................................................................147
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE.........................................................................................................147
INADVERTENT ACTIVATION.............................................................................................................147
ELECTRICAL ARC..............................................................................................................................147
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MECHANICAL......................................................................................................................................147
SHARP EDGES/POINTS.....................................................................................................................147
LIFTING WEIGHTS..............................................................................................................................147
VIBRATION..........................................................................................................................................147
ROTATING EQUIPMENT.....................................................................................................................147
STABILITY/TOPPLING POTENTIAL...................................................................................................147
RECIPROCATING EQUIPMENT.........................................................................................................147
EJECTED/THROWN PARTS/FRAGMENTS.......................................................................................147
PINCH POINTS....................................................................................................................................147
CRUSHING SURFACES .....................................................................................................................147
ALTERED STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES...........................................................................................147
PNEUMATIC/HYDRAULIC PRESSURE..............................................................................................147
OVERPRESSURIZATION....................................................................................................................147
BLOWN OBJECTS..............................................................................................................................147
PIPE/VESSEL/DUCT RUPTURE.........................................................................................................147
CROSSFLOW......................................................................................................................................147
PIPE/HOSE WHIP................................................................................................................................147
IMPLOSION..........................................................................................................................................147
BACKFLOW/SIPHON EFFECT...........................................................................................................147
BLAST..................................................................................................................................................147
ACCELERATION/DECELERATION/GRAVITY...................................................................................147
EXCESSIVE ACCELERATION............................................................................................................147
EXCESSIVE DECELERATION............................................................................................................147
INADVERTENT MOTION.....................................................................................................................147
LOOSE OBJECT TRANSLATION.......................................................................................................147
DERAILMENT......................................................................................................................................147
COLLISION..........................................................................................................................................147
SLIP/TRIP............................................................................................................................................147
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FALLING OBJECTS............................................................................................................................147
FALLS..................................................................................................................................................147
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES..............................................................................................................147
HOT/COLD SURFACE.........................................................................................................................147
FREEZING...........................................................................................................................................147
CONFINED GAS/LIQUID.....................................................................................................................147
REDUCED RELIABILITY.....................................................................................................................147
PRESSURE ELEVATION....................................................................................................................147
HUMIDITY/MOISTURE........................................................................................................................147
ELEVATED FLAMMABILITY...............................................................................................................147
ELEVATED VOLATILITY.....................................................................................................................147
FIRE/FLAMMABILITY/NOISE..............................................................................................................147
PRESENCE OF:...................................................................................................................................147
NOISE ..............................................................................................................................................147
FUEL.................................................................................................................................................147
IGNITION SOURCE..........................................................................................................................147
OXIDIZER..........................................................................................................................................148
RADIATION.......................................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE PROPELLANT ............................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE GAS .............................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE LIQUID ........................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE VAPOR ........................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE DUST ...........................................................................................................................148
COMPRESSED AIR/GAS.................................................................................................................148
LUBRICATION..................................................................................................................................148
LEAKS/SPILLS....................................................................................................................................148
MATERIALS: .......................................................................................................................................148
LIQUIDS/CRYOGENS.......................................................................................................................148
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GASES/VAPORS .............................................................................................................................148
DUSTS .............................................................................................................................................148
TOXIC................................................................................................................................................148
IRRITANTS .......................................................................................................................................148
CORROSIVE ....................................................................................................................................148
ASPHYXIANTS ................................................................................................................................148
ALLERGENS ....................................................................................................................................148
HUMAN FACTORS (ALSO SEE ERGONOMIC).................................................................................148
OPERATOR ERROR ..........................................................................................................................148
OPERATION OUT OF SEQUENCE.....................................................................................................148
INADVERTENT OPERATION .............................................................................................................148
RIGHT OPERATION/WRONG CONTROL..........................................................................................148
FAILURE TO OPERATE .....................................................................................................................148
OPERATE TOO LONG........................................................................................................................148
OPERATION EARLY/LATE ................................................................................................................148
OPERATE TOO BRIEFLY...................................................................................................................148
ERGONOMIC (ALSO SEE HUMAN FACTORS).................................................................................148
FATIGUE..............................................................................................................................................148
INACCESSIBILITY...............................................................................................................................148
INADEQUATE CONTROL/ READOUT DIFFERENTIATION...............................................................148
INAPPROPRIATE CONTROL/ READOUT LOCATION......................................................................148
FAULTY/ INADEQUATE CONTROL/ READOUT LABELLING..........................................................148
INADEQUATE/ IMPROPER ILLUMINATION......................................................................................148
GLARE.................................................................................................................................................148
NON EXISTING/ INADEQUATE "KILL" SWITCHES..........................................................................148
FAULTY WORKSTATION DESIGN.....................................................................................................148
CONTROL SYSTEMS..........................................................................................................................148
POWER OUTAGE ...............................................................................................................................148
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SNEAK SOFTWARE............................................................................................................................148
INTERFERENCE (EMI/ESI) ................................................................................................................148
LIGHTNING STRIKE............................................................................................................................148
MOISTURE ..........................................................................................................................................148
GROUNDING FAILURE.......................................................................................................................148
SNEAK CIRCUIT .................................................................................................................................148
INADVERTENT ACTIVATION.............................................................................................................148
THE ABOVE REPORTED HAZARDS ARE GENERAL OR HIGH LEVEL CATEGORIES OF
HAZARDS APPLICABLE TO ROLLING STOCK........................................................................................148
THE LIST IS INTENTIONALLY REDUNDANT IN ANY CATEGORY, WHERE THE REPEATED
HAZARD ARE LISTED TO HIGHLIGHT AND CAPTURE THE ATTENTION ON IT...................................148
11
RAM PARAMETERS TO BE INCORPORATED INTO LCC MODEL..............................................148

TO BE DEFINED..................................................................................................................................148
12
ANNEX A - EXAMPLES OF BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE.............................................................149
HERE BELOW THERE ARE HIGHLIGHTED TWO POSSIBLE WAYS TO REPRESENT A

STRUCTURE:..............................................................................................................................................149
THE ORGANISATION CHART............................................................................................................149
THE TREE BREAKDOWN CHART.....................................................................................................149
THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE USING THE ORGANISATION CHART FOR THE ROLLING
STOCK "EMU (ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH", WHERE ONLY FOR VISUAL PURPOSES TWO
BRANCH HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED.........................................................................................................149
..............................................................................................................................................................150
FIG. 7 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING ORGANISATION CHART FOR AN ELECTRICAL
MULTIPLE UNIT COACH............................................................................................................................150
THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF REPRESENTATION OF THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
USING A TREE DIAGRAM FOR A EMU TRACTION VEHICLE.................................................................151
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) TRACTION VEHICLE............................................................................151
TREE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE....................................................................................................151
ROLLING STOCK: EMU TRACTION VEHICLE..................................................................................151
DOC. N.................................................................................................................................................151
DATE....................................................................................................................................................151
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DRAWN UP BY....................................................................................................................................151
PAGE N/N............................................................................................................................................151
FILE NAME..........................................................................................................................................151
CODE...................................................................................................................................................151
L1 - SYSTEM........................................................................................................................................151
QTY......................................................................................................................................................151
CODE...................................................................................................................................................151
L2 - SUB-SYSTEM OR LRU................................................................................................................151
QTY......................................................................................................................................................151
CODE...................................................................................................................................................151
L3 - LRU...............................................................................................................................................151
QTY......................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
CARBODY...........................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.1.........................................................................................................................................................151
HEAT INSULATION.............................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.2.........................................................................................................................................................151
FRONT PANEL....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.3.........................................................................................................................................................151
SIDE WINDOW, PASSENGER ROOM................................................................................................151
14..........................................................................................................................................................151
1.4.........................................................................................................................................................151
SIDE WINDOW, DRIVER'S CAB.........................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
1.5.........................................................................................................................................................151
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FLOOR.................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.6.........................................................................................................................................................151
SIDE WALL, PANELLING...................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
1.7.........................................................................................................................................................151
ROOF...................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.8.........................................................................................................................................................151
NOSE COVER......................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.9.........................................................................................................................................................151
OBSTACLE DEFLECTOR...................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.10.......................................................................................................................................................151
ENERGY ABSORBTION ELEMENTS.................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
1.11.......................................................................................................................................................151
AERODYNAMIC FRONT NOSE STRUCTURE...................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.12.......................................................................................................................................................151
UNDERFRAME....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
MOTOR BOGIE....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.1.........................................................................................................................................................151
BOGIE FRAME....................................................................................................................................151
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1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.2.........................................................................................................................................................151
CARRIER.............................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.2.1......................................................................................................................................................151
STEERING ROD..................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.3.........................................................................................................................................................151
PRIMARY SUSPENSION.....................................................................................................................151
4............................................................................................................................................................151
2.3.1......................................................................................................................................................151
DAMPER..............................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.3.2......................................................................................................................................................151
HELICAL SPRING...............................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.........................................................................................................................................................151
SECONDARY SUSPENSION..............................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.1......................................................................................................................................................151
AIR SPRING.........................................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.2......................................................................................................................................................151
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS FOR SECONDARY SUSPENSION (SET)...........................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.3......................................................................................................................................................151
VERTICAL DAMPER...........................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
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2.4.4......................................................................................................................................................151
HORIZONTAL DAMPER......................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
2.5.........................................................................................................................................................151
BEARING ASSEMBLY........................................................................................................................151
4............................................................................................................................................................151
2.5.1......................................................................................................................................................151
BEARING BOX....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.5.2......................................................................................................................................................151
BEARING.............................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.6.........................................................................................................................................................151
WHEEL SET.........................................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
2.6.1......................................................................................................................................................151
AXLE....................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
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2.6.2......................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.6.3......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.7.........................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE GEARBOX.................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
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2.8.........................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE BOX TEMPERATURE DEVICE.................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.9.........................................................................................................................................................152
INDUSI-MAGNET.................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.10.......................................................................................................................................................152
MECHANICAL INTERFACE WITH BODYSHELL (SET).....................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.11.......................................................................................................................................................152
PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT ON BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.12.......................................................................................................................................................152
SPEED SENSOR.................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.13.......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE EQUIPMENT ON THE BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.14.......................................................................................................................................................152
EARTHING CONTACTS......................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3............................................................................................................................................................152
TRAILER BOGIE..................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.1.........................................................................................................................................................152
BOGIE FRAME....................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.2.........................................................................................................................................................152
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CARRIER.............................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.2.1......................................................................................................................................................152
STEERING ROD..................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.3.........................................................................................................................................................152
PRIMARY SUSPENSION.....................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.3.1......................................................................................................................................................152
DAMPER..............................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.3.2......................................................................................................................................................152
HELICAL SPRING...............................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.........................................................................................................................................................152
SECONDARY SUSPENSION..............................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.1......................................................................................................................................................152
AIR SPRING.........................................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.2......................................................................................................................................................152
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS FOR SECONDARY SUSPENSION (SET)...........................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.3......................................................................................................................................................152
VERTICAL DAMPER...........................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.4......................................................................................................................................................152
HORIZONTAL DAMPER......................................................................................................................152
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1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.5.........................................................................................................................................................152
BEARING ASSEMBLY........................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.5.1......................................................................................................................................................152
BEARING BOX....................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.5.2......................................................................................................................................................152
BEARING.............................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.........................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL SET.........................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.1......................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE....................................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.2......................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.3......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.7.........................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE BOX TEMPERATURE DEVICE.................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.8.........................................................................................................................................................152
MECHANICAL INTERFACE WITH BODYSHELL (SET).....................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
Page 65 of 158
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3.9.........................................................................................................................................................152
PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT ON BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.10.......................................................................................................................................................152
SPEED SENSOR.................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.11.......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE EQUIPMENT ON THE BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.12.......................................................................................................................................................152
EARTHING CONTACTS......................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
AUXILIARY ELEMENTS ON THE BOGIE...........................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.1.........................................................................................................................................................152
SANDING DEVICE...............................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4.1.1......................................................................................................................................................152
SANDING TRAP..................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.1.2......................................................................................................................................................152
SANDING PIPE AND NOZZLES..........................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.........................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL FLANGE LUBRICATION.......................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.1......................................................................................................................................................152
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TANK....................................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.2......................................................................................................................................................152
PUMP...................................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.3......................................................................................................................................................152
MAGNETIC VALVE..............................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.4......................................................................................................................................................152
TURBOLUB DISTRIBUTER.................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.5......................................................................................................................................................152
NOZZLE...............................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.6......................................................................................................................................................153
CONTROL UNIT...................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5............................................................................................................................................................153
DOOR...................................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.........................................................................................................................................................153
PASSENGER DOOR...........................................................................................................................153
2............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.1......................................................................................................................................................153
DRIVE/MOTOR UNIT...........................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.2......................................................................................................................................................153
ROLLER SWING ARM, RIGHT............................................................................................................153
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1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.3......................................................................................................................................................153
ROLLER SWING ARM, LEFT..............................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.4......................................................................................................................................................153
EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (INSIDE).........................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.5......................................................................................................................................................153
BOWDEN CABLE, EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (INSIDE)..........................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.6......................................................................................................................................................153
EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (OUTSIDE).....................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.7......................................................................................................................................................153
BOWDEN CABLE, EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (OUTSIDE)......................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.8......................................................................................................................................................153
DOORLEAF, RIGHT............................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.9......................................................................................................................................................153
DOORLEAF, LEFT...............................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.10....................................................................................................................................................153
LOCK BOX...........................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.11....................................................................................................................................................153
LIGHT BARRIER..................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
Page 68 of 158
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5.1.12....................................................................................................................................................153
CONTROL UNIT...................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.2.........................................................................................................................................................153
INTERNAL DOOR................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.3.........................................................................................................................................................153
EXTERNAL CAB DOOR......................................................................................................................153
2............................................................................................................................................................153
5.4.........................................................................................................................................................153
SLIDING DOOR DRIVER'S CAB.........................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6............................................................................................................................................................153
DRAW AND BUFFER GEAR...............................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.........................................................................................................................................................153
AUTOMATIC COUPLER......................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.1......................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLER HEAD.................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.2......................................................................................................................................................153
UNCOUPLE DEVICE...........................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.3......................................................................................................................................................153
AIR COUPLER FOR MAIN AIR PIPE COUPLER................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.4......................................................................................................................................................153
Page 69 of 158
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AIR COUPLER FOR UNCOUPLE DEVICE PIPE................................................................................153

1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.5......................................................................................................................................................153
ELECTRICAL COUPLER OPERATION DEVICE................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.6......................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLING ROD..................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.7......................................................................................................................................................153
BEARING BLOCK...............................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.8......................................................................................................................................................153
ELECTRICAL COUPLER....................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.9......................................................................................................................................................153
COVERING..........................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.10....................................................................................................................................................153
CENTER POSITION.............................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.11....................................................................................................................................................153
SUPPLIES............................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.12....................................................................................................................................................153
EARTHING...........................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.13....................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLER HEAD, ELECTRICAL PART..............................................................................................153
Page 70 of 158
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1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.........................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLING LINK.................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.1......................................................................................................................................................153
SPECIAL BEARING FOR ARTICULATION........................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.2......................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLING FORK................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.3......................................................................................................................................................153
GUIDE ROD SUPPORT.......................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7............................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATION...................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.1.........................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATED DAMPER, ROLLING..................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.2.........................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATED DAMPER, PITCHING.................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.3.........................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATED DAMPER, YAWING...................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.4.........................................................................................................................................................153
INTERCOMMUNICATING GANGWAY................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
Page 71 of 158
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7.4.1......................................................................................................................................................153
BELLOWS............................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.4.2......................................................................................................................................................153
BELLOWS FRAME..............................................................................................................................153
2............................................................................................................................................................153
7.4.2......................................................................................................................................................153
STEP BOARD......................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
8............................................................................................................................................................154
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.........................................................................................................................................................154
TRACTION...........................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.1......................................................................................................................................................154
PROPULSION INVERTER BOXES.....................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.2......................................................................................................................................................154
ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR..........................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.3......................................................................................................................................................154
SPEED SENSOR FOR TRACTION CONTROL...................................................................................154
4............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.4......................................................................................................................................................154
TRACTION CONTROL UNIT..............................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.5......................................................................................................................................................154
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May 2002
RHEOSTATIC BREAKING RESISTORS.............................................................................................154

1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.2.........................................................................................................................................................154
AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL ENERGY...................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.2.1......................................................................................................................................................154
LV AND MV CONTACTORS, RELAY CONTACTORS, FUSES, AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT BREAKER 154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.2.2......................................................................................................................................................154
BATTERY.............................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.2.3......................................................................................................................................................154
AUXILIARY STATIC CONVERTER WITH BATTERY CHARGER......................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9............................................................................................................................................................154
PNEUMATIC AND BRAKING SYSTEM..............................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.1.........................................................................................................................................................154
BRAKE CONTROL DEVICE................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.2.........................................................................................................................................................154
DIRECT BRAKE CONTROL DEVICE..................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.3.........................................................................................................................................................154
ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT..........................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.4.........................................................................................................................................................154
SIGNALLING REPETITION PLATE....................................................................................................154
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1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.5.........................................................................................................................................................154
ANTISKID REDOUNDED (1 PER AXE)...............................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.6.........................................................................................................................................................154
PNEUMATIC GROUP..........................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.7.........................................................................................................................................................154
BRAKE DEVICES GROUP..................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.8.........................................................................................................................................................154
MOTOR BOGIE SECONDARY SUSPENSION RESERVOIR..............................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.9.........................................................................................................................................................154
TRAILER BOGIE SECONDARY SUSPENSION RESERVOIR...........................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.10.......................................................................................................................................................154
PASSENGER ALARM BRAKE............................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10..........................................................................................................................................................154
LIGHTING SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.1.......................................................................................................................................................154
COMPARTMENT LIGHTS...................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.2.......................................................................................................................................................154
DRIVING CAB LIGHTS........................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
Page 74 of 158
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10.3.......................................................................................................................................................154
EXTERNAL LIGHTS............................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.1....................................................................................................................................................154
WHITE LIGHTS....................................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.2....................................................................................................................................................154
RED LIGHTS........................................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.3....................................................................................................................................................154
GREEN LIGHTS...................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.4....................................................................................................................................................154
CENTRAL LIGHTS..............................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
11..........................................................................................................................................................154
FITTINGS.............................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.......................................................................................................................................................154
COMPARTMENT FITTINGS................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.1....................................................................................................................................................154
PASSENGER SEAT.............................................................................................................................154
61..........................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.2....................................................................................................................................................154
FOLDABLE SEAT................................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.3....................................................................................................................................................154
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MANUAL CURTAIN.............................................................................................................................154
18..........................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.4....................................................................................................................................................154
DRESSHANGER (SET).......................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.5....................................................................................................................................................154
LUGGAGE RACK................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.6....................................................................................................................................................154
HAND RAILS (SET).............................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.7....................................................................................................................................................154
LITTER BOX........................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.8....................................................................................................................................................154
TICKET VENDING MACHINE..............................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.9....................................................................................................................................................154
FIRE EXTINGUISHER..........................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.2.......................................................................................................................................................154
DRIVING CAB FITTINGS.....................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.2.1....................................................................................................................................................154
DRIVER SEAT (ADJUSTABLE)..........................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.2.2....................................................................................................................................................154
SUNSHAD CURTAIN...........................................................................................................................154
Page 76 of 158
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3............................................................................................................................................................154
12..........................................................................................................................................................155
AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING..................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13..........................................................................................................................................................155
DRIVING CAB AIR CONDITIONING...................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
VENTILATION......................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
COOLING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
HEATING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14..........................................................................................................................................................155
COMPART AIR CONDITIONING.........................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
VENTILATION......................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
COOLING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
HEATING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
Page 77 of 158
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May 2002
14.4.......................................................................................................................................................155
HEATERS............................................................................................................................................155
45..........................................................................................................................................................155
15..........................................................................................................................................................155
TACHOGRAPH DEVICE......................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
16..........................................................................................................................................................155
DEAD MAN DEVICE............................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17..........................................................................................................................................................155
DRIVER'S DESK .................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
LIGHT RACK........................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
INSTRUMENTS RACK........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE MONITOR....................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.4.......................................................................................................................................................155
CONSOLE............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.5.......................................................................................................................................................155
RADIO EQUIPMENT ...........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.6.......................................................................................................................................................155
Page 78 of 158
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WORKING GROUP B11

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May 2002
ATP EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18..........................................................................................................................................................155
SERVICE FUNCTIONS........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM.............................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.1....................................................................................................................................................155
LOUDSPEAKER..................................................................................................................................155
8............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.2....................................................................................................................................................155
CONTROLLER.....................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.3....................................................................................................................................................155
CAB CONTROL UNIT..........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.4....................................................................................................................................................155
EMERGENCY SPEECH UNIT..............................................................................................................155
4............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.5....................................................................................................................................................155
INTERNAL INFORMATION DISPLAY.................................................................................................155
2............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.6....................................................................................................................................................155
EXTERNAL SIDE DISPLAY.................................................................................................................155
2............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.7....................................................................................................................................................155
HANDSET............................................................................................................................................155
Page 79 of 158
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1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM......................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.1....................................................................................................................................................155
EXTERNAL CAM.................................................................................................................................155
2............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.2....................................................................................................................................................155
INTERNAL CAM..................................................................................................................................155
3............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.3....................................................................................................................................................155
VIDEO MONITOR.................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
19..........................................................................................................................................................155
WASHING AND WIPER SYSTEM.......................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20..........................................................................................................................................................155
COMMAND & CONTROL/DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.............................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
COMMAND & CONTROL/DIAGNOSTIC ............................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
INPUT/OUTPUT REMOTED DEVICE..................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR.....................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
Page 80 of 158
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May 2002
20.4.......................................................................................................................................................155
INSTRUMENTS MONITOR..................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.5.......................................................................................................................................................155
TCN KNOT...........................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF REPRESENTATION OF THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
USING A TREE DIAGRAM FOR A EMU (ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH.................................156
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH..................................................................................................156
TREE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE....................................................................................................156
ROLLING STOCK: EMU COACH........................................................................................................156
DOC. N.................................................................................................................................................156
DATE....................................................................................................................................................156
DRAWN UP BY....................................................................................................................................156
PAGE N/N............................................................................................................................................156
FILE NAME..........................................................................................................................................156
CODE...................................................................................................................................................156
L1 - SYSTEM........................................................................................................................................156
QTY......................................................................................................................................................156
CODE...................................................................................................................................................156
L2 - SUB-SYSTEM OR LRU................................................................................................................156
QTY......................................................................................................................................................156
CODE...................................................................................................................................................156
L3 - LRU...............................................................................................................................................156
QTY......................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
CARBODY...........................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
Page 81 of 158
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1.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
HEAT INSULATION.............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
1.2.........................................................................................................................................................156
SIDE WINDOW, PASSENGER ROOM................................................................................................156
10..........................................................................................................................................................156
1.3.........................................................................................................................................................156
FLOOR.................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
1.4.........................................................................................................................................................156
SIDE WALL, PANELLING...................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
1.5.........................................................................................................................................................156
ROOF...................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
1.6.........................................................................................................................................................156
UNDERFRAME....................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
DOOR...................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
PASSENGER DOOR...........................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.1......................................................................................................................................................156
DRIVE/MOTOR UNIT...........................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.2......................................................................................................................................................156
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May 2002
ROLLER SWING ARM, RIGHT............................................................................................................156

1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.3......................................................................................................................................................156
ROLLER SWING ARM, LEFT..............................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.4......................................................................................................................................................156
EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (INSIDE).........................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.5......................................................................................................................................................156
BOWDEN CABLE, EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (INSIDE)..........................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.6......................................................................................................................................................156
EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (OUTSIDE).....................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.7......................................................................................................................................................156
BOWDEN CABLE, EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (OUTSIDE)......................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.8......................................................................................................................................................156
DOORLEAF, RIGHT............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.9......................................................................................................................................................156
DOORLEAF, LEFT...............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.10....................................................................................................................................................156
LOCK BOX...........................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.11....................................................................................................................................................156
LIGHT BARRIER..................................................................................................................................156
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May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.12....................................................................................................................................................156
CONTROL UNIT...................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.2.........................................................................................................................................................156
RAMP...................................................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
3............................................................................................................................................................156
PNEUMATIC AND BRAKING SYSTEM..............................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
PRODUCTION/TREATMENT AIR GROUP.........................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.2.........................................................................................................................................................156
BRAKE DEVICES GROUP..................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.3.........................................................................................................................................................156
PASSENGER ALARM BRAKE............................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.4.........................................................................................................................................................156
MAIN RESERVOIR..............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
4............................................................................................................................................................156
LIGHTING SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
4.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
COMPARTMENT LIGHTS...................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
Page 84 of 158
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May 2002
5............................................................................................................................................................156
FITTINGS.............................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
5.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
COMPARTMENT FITTINGS................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
5.1.1......................................................................................................................................................157
PASSENGER SEAT.............................................................................................................................157
37..........................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.2......................................................................................................................................................157
FOLDABLE SEAT................................................................................................................................157
12..........................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.3......................................................................................................................................................157
MANUAL CURTAIN.............................................................................................................................157
12..........................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.4......................................................................................................................................................157
DRESSHANGER (SET).......................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.5......................................................................................................................................................157
LUGGAGE RACK (SET)......................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.6......................................................................................................................................................157
HAND RAILS (SET).............................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.7......................................................................................................................................................157
LITTER BOX........................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.8......................................................................................................................................................157
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER..........................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
6............................................................................................................................................................157
AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING..................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7............................................................................................................................................................157
COMPART AIR CONDITIONING.........................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.1.........................................................................................................................................................157
VENTILATION......................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.2.........................................................................................................................................................157
COOLING.............................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.3.........................................................................................................................................................157
HEATING.............................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.4.........................................................................................................................................................157
HEATERS............................................................................................................................................157
45..........................................................................................................................................................157
8............................................................................................................................................................157
SERVICE FUNCTIONS........................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.........................................................................................................................................................157
PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM.............................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.1......................................................................................................................................................157
LOUDSPEAKER..................................................................................................................................157
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10..........................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.2......................................................................................................................................................157
EMERGENCY SPEECH UNIT..............................................................................................................157
5............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.3......................................................................................................................................................157
INTERNAL INFORMATION DISPLAY.................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.4......................................................................................................................................................157
EXTERNAL SIDE DISPLAY.................................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
8.2.........................................................................................................................................................157
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM......................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
8.2.1......................................................................................................................................................157
EXTERNAL CAM.................................................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
8.2.2......................................................................................................................................................157
INTERNAL CAM..................................................................................................................................157
3............................................................................................................................................................157
9............................................................................................................................................................157
TOILET.................................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.1.........................................................................................................................................................157
VACUUM FLUSH TOILET SYSTEM....................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.2.........................................................................................................................................................157
WATER LEVEL SENSOR (MAX AND MIN)........................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
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9.3.........................................................................................................................................................157
COMMAND BUTTON...........................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.4.........................................................................................................................................................157
PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR...............................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
9.5.........................................................................................................................................................157
DOUBLE CONTACT LIGHTING BUTTON..........................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
9.6.........................................................................................................................................................157
PIEZORESISTIVE SENSOR................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.7.........................................................................................................................................................157
CONTACT PROBE FOR LIQUID LEVEL CONTOURING...................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.8.........................................................................................................................................................157
ELECTROPNEUMATIC VALVE FOR WATER....................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.9.........................................................................................................................................................157
BOILER ...............................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.10.......................................................................................................................................................157
HK TOILET DOOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT...........................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.11.......................................................................................................................................................157
WHITE AND BLACK WATER TANK...................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.12.......................................................................................................................................................157
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HK WASH-BASIN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT............................................................................157

1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.13.......................................................................................................................................................157
INTERFACE BUS TRAIN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.14.......................................................................................................................................................157
HK INTERIORS....................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.15.......................................................................................................................................................157
COMPLETE DOOR LOCK...................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.16.......................................................................................................................................................157
HK AUTOMATIC DOOR......................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.17.......................................................................................................................................................157
ELECTRIC TOWEL..............................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.18.......................................................................................................................................................157
WC AUTOCLEANING SYSTEM..........................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
10..........................................................................................................................................................157
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
10.1.......................................................................................................................................................157
AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL ENERGY...................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
10.1.1....................................................................................................................................................157
LV AND MV CONTACTORS, RELAY CONTACTORS, FUSES, AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT BREAKER 157
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1............................................................................................................................................................157
TABLES
TABLE 1: RAM FAILURE CATEGORIES...................................................................................................102
TABLE 2: SIGNIFICANT FAILURE SPECIFICATION.................................................................................103
TABLE 3: MAJOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION..........................................................................................104
TABLE 4: MINOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION...........................................................................................104
TABLE 5: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY SIGNIFICANT (IMMOBILISING
FAILURE).....................................................................................................................................................106
TABLE 6: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MAJOR (SERVICE FAILURE). 107
TABLE 7: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MINOR......................................108
TABLE 8: QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTAINABILITY......................................................109
TABLE 9: PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS............................................111
TABLE 10: LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................111
TABLE 11: MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................112
TABLE 12: AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................114
FIGURES
FIG. 1 EXAMPLE OF RELIABILITY PREDICTION ANALYSIS SHEET.....................................................122
FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET................................................127
FIG. 3 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SHEET FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY..................129
FIG. 4 EXAMPLE OF CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET................................................132
FIG. 5 EXAMPLE OF FMECA SHEET.........................................................................................................135
FIG. 6 RAM PROGRAMME AND LIFE CYCLE PHASES...........................................................................136
FIG. 7 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING ORGANISATION CHART FOR AN ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE
UNIT COACH...............................................................................................................................................150
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) TRACTION VEHICLE............................................................................151
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH..................................................................................................156
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1

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INTRODUCTION
EN50126 is likely to enhance the general understanding of the issues involved in
achieving RAMS characteristics within the railway field. It defines a comprehensive set
of tasks for the different phases of a generic life cycle for a total rail system. Although
some of the examples given in the annexes of EN 50126 are for rolling stock, the
standard is essentially aimed as a top level railway system document.
RAMS characteristics for rolling stock (i.e. its long term operating behaviour
performance), as for any other system, forms an important part of its overall
performance characteristics. But the consideration of RAMS, in contractual terms,
between a customer / operator and a supplier for the procurement of rolling stock has
been problematic. Also, in rolling stock contracts, there is now a greater emphasis on the
impact on end customers of service failures and on the economic and risk
considerations of RAMS (i.e. the business perspective).
On the other side, also Life Cycle Cost is being taken into account to satisfy the
customer needs and to have a wide range approach.
Life Cycle Cost approach represents a holistic, total cost of ownership philosophy for
addressing the economic considerations. The contribution of RAMS to the LCC of rolling
stock would be used to allow the economic considerations to be addressed.
Therefore the application guide to EN50126, focusing on the procurement issues and
providing a common approach for capturing the different performance requirements from
an operator/business perspective, has been established.
EN50126 is a standard which treats the overall aspects of RAMS in Railway business.
The Application Standard shall provide guidance in the usage of EN50126 and shall
provide clarification where EN50126 could be mis-interpreted.
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2
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SCOPE
This Application Guide provides a practical basis and approach for:
specifying RAM requirements for rolling stock
assuring RAM performance for rolling stock,
demonstrating RAM performances of rolling stock
This document is addressed to customers/operators and suppliers of rolling stock, for

dealing with RAM activities during different phases from tender to demonstration in
operation.
The main purpose of the application guide is:
1. to enable a customer/operator of rolling stock
to specify the RAM requirements addressing the type of operation in terms of

the end customer needs, considering service availability and economic
considerations;
to evaluate different tenders, in terms of RAM requirements, on a common

basis with the aid of specific RAM documents;
to gain assurance, during design/development phase, that the rolling stock

being offered is likely to satisfy the RAM contractual requirements by
examining step by step detailed and specific RAM documents as an output of
the RAM activities performed during the development phase;
to validate that the rolling stock, as delivered, satisfies the specified RAM
requirements
2. to enable the supplier of rolling stock
to understand the customers/operators RAM requirements
to provide substantive information/visibility in a tender to show that the

product offered is likely to satisfy the RAM requirements by performing
preliminary RAM analysis;
to provide substantive information/visibility during design/development phase

to show that the product offered is likely to satisfy the RAM requirements by
performing detailed RAM analysis;
to demonstrate that the product delivered satisfies the RAM requirements;
Regarding Safety this Application Guide provides a reference list of the most common
Hazards associated with operation.
Regarding LCC (Life Cycle Cost) this Application Guide establishes RAM key
parameters necessary to be incorporated into an LCC Model.
This Application Guide doesnt establish:
RAM figures connected to the different RAM requirements (however the

Application Guide contains a simple guide line of actions supporting the
decision making process for choosing appropriate figures, see item 8.4)
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specific RAM documents and activities to be performed (however, the

Application Guide will contain, as an example, typical form and data of some
RAM document to be intended as an output of the performed analysis).
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
Railway applications The specification and
demonstration
of
Reliability,
Availability,
Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)
EN50126
Pr ENV 50127-1
Railway applications - Guide to the specification of a

guided transport system. Part 1: General
EN 60721-1
Classification of environmental conditions. Part 1:

Environmental parameters and their severity.
INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
UNIFE LCC GROUP
May 2002
Series of documents from Volume I to IV
DEFINITIONS
This document adopts the same definitions of the EN 50126.
Any other definition necessary will be explained and introduced in this section when it
will be used.
Part Number:
It is alphanumeric, generally assigned by the Supplier, to represent a

family of items with the same characteristics of Form, Fit and Function.
APPROACH ADOPTED
The approach adopted for each phase of the Life Cycle to set up and successively meet
the requirements of the standard is to raise the following questions:
WHAT: what activities / tasks to be performed and the supporting documents

to be produced
WHO: who has the responsibility for these activities / tasks
HOW: which type of method or tool to be used
This process is adopted for the development of the guide and will be applied in
accordance with the structure of the application guide.
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7
7.1
Draft
May 2002
APPLICATION OF THIS GUIDE

OBJECT OF THE APPLICATION
This document is applicable to rolling stock (train, coach, locomotive, etc) and to all
the subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock according to the
boundary limits.
Referring to the item 1.2 of EN 50126, the Guide is applicable to:
new rolling stock
modification/refurbishment of existing rolling stock
for use by Railway Authorities and the railway support industry.

For the use of this document only, the previous two item points will be indicated with the
generic term system, comprising the complete sequence system-sub-systemcomponent of the breakdown structure of the rolling stock.
7.2
ENTITIES INVOLVED
The use of this document is indicated both for Railway Authorities and the railway
support industry.
The entities involved within the Life Cycle phases can be represented as in the diagram
below:
Within the framework of a contractual relation consisting in supplying a rolling stock (in
accordance with the initial purpose of the guide), relations can be simplified and only 2
partners be retained:
Customer (must take into account problems of interface with National
Regulation Authority, Maintainer, Owner and Infrastructure company),
Supplier (managing sub-supplier).
p S l i ue pr
In a total system vision, the level of responsibility, which must be known from the first
stage of the project (phase 1 concept), is as follows :
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I E
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I n f r a s t r u c t u r e
C o n t r o l l e r
Responsibility
T r a i n
O p e r a t i n g
C o m p a n y
a i n
u p p l i e r
u p p l i e r
This diagram must be interpreted in the following way:

E
n t i t y
L i sr et q u i r e m e n Gt s i vp e r o o f
P r o n o a u p n p c r e o v a Wl
a f oi t t rh e a u t h o r i z a t i o n
t o
" g o
a h e a d "
n t i t y
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7.3
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May 2002
APPLICABILITY OF THE PHASES OF THE EN 50126

Within the previous concern and referring to the item 5.3 of EN 50126, the application of
the standard should be flexible and effective by considering and assessing a cost/benefit
ratio, the complexity and the size of the system.
Accordingly to the item 5.3.4 of the standard, the assessment of the application of the
EN 50126 shall:
1
Specify phases applicable, and for each one of these:
Justify and demonstrate the compliance with the principles of the

requirements of the standard.
Specify the mandatory activities/requirements including, referring to the

system under consideration:
1 The scope of each requirement

2 The methods, tools and techniques required against each requirement and the
scope and depth of their application
3 The verification/validation activities required against each requirement and the
scope of their application
4 Input/Output documentation
7.4
Justify any deviation from the activities and requirement of the standard
Justify the adequacy of the tasks chosen for the system under consideration
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
The correct application of EN 50126 is guaranteed through several requirements.
The following requirements are mandatory (see item 5.3.5 of EN 50126):
define responsibility for carrying out all RAMS tasks within each phase
chosen
make sure about the competence of the personnel involved within RAMS
tasks
establish and implement a RAM Programme and a Safety Plan, where have
to be identified and managed:
conflicts between RAM and Safety tasks

2details of all RAMS analysis, including the depth of analysis activities
make sure that the requirements of this standard are implemented within
business processes, supported by a Quality Management System (QMS)
compliant with the requirements of EN ISO 9000 series
establish and implement an adequate

management system, at least including:
and
effective
configuration
1all system documentation

2all other system deliverables
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SPECIFYING RAM REQUIREMENTS

The purpose of this section is to establish the process to define RAM Requirements for
rolling stock and for all the subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling
stock according to the boundary limits.
The definition process is carried out through different activities with the scope of
obtaining data and all kind of available information about the rolling stock under
consideration.
The final goal is the derivation of RAM targets through the analysis of all the information
collected and organised in a structured way.
8.1
8.1.1
PRELIMINARY RAM ANALYSIS

Introduction
The preliminary RAM Analysis has the purpose of identifying the application environment
and the operating conditions of the rolling stock, in order to recognise the fundamental
concepts which the overall RAM requirements have to be based on.
The analysis is developed through different activities to cover the following aspects:
similar system review:
a list of the existing rolling stock, applicable for providing suitable RAM-related
information, is made;
preliminary system analysis:
the rolling stock available documentation is reviewed in order to define, at a

preliminary level, the overall system structure and its mission profile and to
recognise the system failure conditions.
The deliverables of these preliminary RAM-related activities constitute the background
necessary for defining the Overall RAM Requirements Specification in terms of:
8.1.2
RAM requirements;
Demonstration and acceptance criteria;
RAM programme requirements.
Preliminary RAM Analysis activities

The preliminary RAM-related activities consist in investigating all the relevant available
documentation in order to recognise all the functional requirements which may affect the
RAM performances of the rolling stock.
The deliverables of the preliminary RAM-related activities result:
System identification, where the rolling stock has to be identified in terms of

boundary limits, operational conditions, functions, interfaces, structure,
logistics and maintenance conditions.
Failure conditions, where the failures of the rolling stock have to be identified
and categorised in order to define appropriate requirements.
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System Identification
This section provides for a general overview of the main features identifying a rolling
stock (see Annex A, item A2 of EN 50126).
The identification process for a rolling stock is made in order to gain assurance that the
process is correctly analysing all the factors influencing the RAM performances.
These characteristics define the conditions under which the rolling stock is required to
accomplish its mission and constitute the reference conditions for:
defining the rolling stock RAM requirements
demonstrating, by analysis and tests, that each specific implementation fulfils

the RAM requirements in all the Lifecycle phases.
The main characteristics and features necessary to describe a rolling stock are the
Mission Profile, Operating Conditions, Environmental Conditions and Maintenance
Conditions (including logistics):
1
Mission Profile :
Route of reference
commercial speed (mission duration / mission length)
Mean length of a run
Mean distance between train stops
Number of tunnels related to commercial distance
Number of viaducts related to commercial distance
Distance cumulated under tunnel
Distance cumulated on tunnels
Operating time or distance per year
Revenue operating time or distance per year
Stand-by time per day
Off-operating time per day
planned total time of use (life expectancy in years)
slopes
Operating Conditions :
Equivalent speed related to the time the equipment is powered during a

given calendar period (cumulated distance / Time the equipment is powered
over the period)
Time an equipment is powered over a given calendar period (this parameter

could be defined for each equipment, but is generally defined for categories
of equipment)
Time during which traction is activated
Time during which electric braking is activated
Operating time of the compressor
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Number of compressor starting up
Time of presence of catenary power, for each voltage
Time during which trainset is awaken
Operating time for Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning in heating mode and
air conditioning mode.
Average speed, maximum speed
Potential use in multiple units
Time of coupling
internal temperature range of the rolling stock
Mechanical (shock and vibration)
Electrical (power supplies)
Electromagnetic compatibility
Ergonomics
Environmental Conditions :
Range of outside temperatures
Maximum height above the sea level
Ambient temperature
Solar radiation
Humidity
Wind and pressure pulses
Altitude
Water and precipitation
Pollutants and contaminants
Also, criteria for determining normal environmental conditions can be found within pr
ENV 50127-1 and EN 60721-1.
4
8.1.4
Maintenance Conditions :
Indicative maintenance plan (i.e. minimum preventive maintenance interval,

maximum contemporary number of personnel required for maintenance
interval tasks, maximum standstill time to complete maintenance interval
tasks, etc)
Number, location and description of the sites of maintenance
Description of the standard equipment, tools and resources of the sites of

maintenance
Breakdown Structure and boundary limits

The breakdown structure of the rolling stock is the most important baseline of the
identification process. Establishing a structure of the rolling stock, a clear reference
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outline is given to all the activities and analyses supporting RAM Programme along the
Life Cycle.
Generally, the scope of the structure is to set up the borders of a system by listing all the
items belonging to the structure of that system and using an appropriate number of
discrete levels to distinguish the relationships existing between different areas of the
rolling stock.
8.1.4.1 Common rules to set up a structure
Setting up a structure, a decomposition process is carried out starting from the first level
to the other levels identified and being able to represent all the items and its functional
relationships.
The decomposition process is based on a hierarchical breakdown in a top down process
commencing with the Rolling Stock as the system under consideration.
At each level identified in the hierarchy, every system identified becomes the next
system under consideration and can be further decomposed into lower level items, as
necessary.
There are several methods and tools to set up a structure, but here the following are
recommendations to be followed in order to develop an appropriate and suitable
structure for RAM purposes:
avoid the use of "infinite levels structure" and limit the levels up to a
reasonable number (3 or 4 are suggested)
the last item identified along a branch must be a LRU (Line Replaceable
Unit)
force to use the same definitions when identical items are defined
be sure that the definition used for every item is the same used along all the
design documents (drawings, outlines, diagrams, specifications, etc)
after the first issue of the structure avoid continuous modifications
avoid the use of vague or unclear definitions
The definition used for LRU (Line Replaceable Unit) is well explained within 8.5.4.3.
8.1.4.2 Data to identify the Structure
Every structure must be presented together with a set of drawings, diagrams, functional
outlines in order to meet the target of identifying the Rolling Stock and all the
subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to rolling stock clarifying at least:
all the relationships between the items of the structure
the functional borders between different systems, subsystems, assemblies
A minimum set of data is used to represent and to manage the structure.

This kind of data is the baseline of the different analyses that will be carried out during
the Life Cycle.
Every structure should be represented with a header containing at least the following:
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Rolling stock
ID code or definition of rolling stock
Doc.N.
Code of document
Date
Date of document
Page n/N
Consecutive number of page/total number of pages
Drawn up by
First and last name of author
Filename
Name of file of the document
The following are the minimum set of data to represent a structure:

Code
Breakdown level code of the item
Description
Description of the item
Qty
Amount of the item under consideration in the higher

level item
The use of quantity information is suggested for breakdown structure where the product
is defined.
As appropriate, it is recommended the use of the Part Number for every item of the
structure.
Part No.
Part No. of the item
Examples of Breakdown Structure are given within Annex A - Examples of breakdown

structure.
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8.2
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FAILURE CONDITIONS
The following general failure conditions are defined for the rolling stock according to the
general failure categories which may be experienced by a generic railway transport (see
4.5.2.2 in EN 50126):
Immobilising failure
Service failure
Minor failure
The following table shows the Failure Categories as indicated in EN 50126.

Table 1: RAM Failure Categories
Failure Category
Significant
(Immobilising Failure)
Major
(Service Failure)
Minor
Definition
A failure that:
- prevents train movement or causes a delay to service
greater than a specified time and/or
generates a cost greater than a specified level
A failure that:
- must be rectified for the system to achieve its specified
performance and
- does not cause a delay or cost greater than the minimum
threshold specified for a significant failure
A failure that:
- does not prevent a system achieving its specified
performance and
does not meet criteria for Significant or Major failures
In order to better define the above mentioned Failure Categories the following conditions
are applicable to Rolling Stock and to all the subsystems, assemblies and parts
belonging to rolling stock :
Significant Failure (Immobilising Failure): Any failure occurring on Rolling

stock and leading, at least, to one of the following conditions:
A delay greater than a specified time

A stop of the train on the track
A withdrawal of the train from service
A cost greater than a specified threshold
Major Failure (Service Failure): Any failure occurring on the Rolling Stock
and leading, at least, to one of the following conditions:
A delay less than a specified time

Failing specified performances
A cost less than a specified threshold
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Minor Failure
Any failure occurring on the Rolling Stock and leading to a maintenance task,
even if this failure has no impact on service.
According the above mentioned definitions and conditions of Failures the Customer has
to establish:
the number of minutes of delay for Significant Failures and Major Failure
the threshold cost for Significant Failures and Major Failure
the mode of counting the delay (i.e. at the end of the run only, cumulated
during all the stops, the maximum between two stops, etc)
special service conditions under which the Customer decides for stopping
the train on the track or withdrawing the train from the service in case of
Significant Failure or consider a Major Failure for specified performances
failed (i.e. the failure of the passenger air-conditioning, the failure of drivers
cab air-conditioning, the failure of door system per side, the failure of a
specified number of toilet system, the failure of the coach lighting system,
etc)
The following tables show the specifications of each Failure Category.

Table 2: Significant Failure Specification
Failure
Category
Conditions
Delay greater than
SIGNIFICANT
(Immobilising
Failure)
FCI
Threshold
dimension
Minutes
Specification Requested
Specify mode of counting
delay
Stop of the train on the

track
Rolling Stock does not run

on its own
Withdrawal of the train

on the service
Specify special service

conditions under which the
Customer
decides
for
stopping the train on the
track or withdrawing the
train from the service
Cost greater than
Money
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Table 3: Major Failure Specification

Failure
Category
Threshold
dimension
Conditions
Delay less than
MAJOR
(Service Failure)
FCS
Failing
performance
Minutes
specified
Cost less than
Specify mode of counting
delay
Specify service conditions
under which the Customer
considers
failed
the
performance
Money
Table 4: Minor Failure Specification

Failure
Category
Conditions
MINOR
FCM
Any failure occurring on

the rolling stock
Threshold
dimension
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8.3
8.3.1
Draft
May 2002
RAM REQUIREMENTS
Introduction
The aim of this paragraph is to give an overview of the most used RAM Requirements in
order to help Customer in choosing of the appropriate requirements for rolling stock.
Choosing the appropriate RAM Requirements, the Customer is strongly asked to
consider:
system identification characteristics (mission profile, operating condition,

function requested, etc)
economic implications
the practical possibility to measure RAM Requirements from the field in

operation according to its organisational and logistical structure and service
procedures.
The Customer should document the choosing process of RAM Requirements specifying
the consideration adopted to address each requirement chosen.
8.3.2
Reliability Targets
This section describes the Reliability Targets required for the Failure Categories
Significant (Immobilising), Major (Service) and Minor Failure. (i.e. MTBF in Hours, failure
rate per million of hours/kilometres).
The Reliability Targets are applicable to the total rolling stock and to all the subsystems,
assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock according to the boundary limits
defined.
Using the above mentioned definitions the Customer indicates the Reliability Targets for
each one of the Failure Categories in terms of:
maximum accepted
hours/Kilometres)
Failure
Rate (numbers
of
failures
per
million
minimum accepted MTBF/MTTF/MDBF (mean number of hours/Kilometres

between/to failures)
The terms hours/Kilometres are to be intended as hours/Kilometres of service.

The requirement MTBF is intended for repairable units and MTTF is intended for nonrepairable units.
If the real operating time of service for the rolling stock and for the subsystems,
assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock may not be measured, the Customer
can choose, as appropriate, the followings:
maximum accepted Failure Rate (numbers of failures per million /

Kilometres)
minimum accepted MDBF (number of Kilometres)
The MDBF is to be understood in the following way:
the total distance travelled over a period of time / the total number of failures
occurring during the same period.
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In addition, Reliability Targets could be specified by the Customer for important

systems/subsystems. In this case the Customer could apply the following definition for
Failures affecting important systems/subsystems:
Any failure occurring on the System/Subsystem and leading to fail specified

performances
Any failure occurring on the System/Subsystem and leading to a

maintenance task, even if this failure has no impact on service.
The Customer should specify the Failure conditions in which the System/Subsystem
does not accomplish its specified performances.
The following table group the above mentioned Reliability Requirements:
Table 5: Reliability Requirements for Failure Category Significant (Immobilising
Failure)
Applicable to:
Rolling Stock
System/
Subsystem 1
System/
Subsystem 2
System/
Subsystem
System/
Subsystem n
Requirement
Dimension
Symbol
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
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Table 6: Reliability Requirements for Failure Category Major (Service Failure)

Applicable to:
Rolling Stock
System/
Subsystem 1
System/
Subsystem 2
System/
Subsystem
System/
Subsystem n
Requirement
Dimension
Symbol
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
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Table 7: Reliability Requirements for Failure Category Minor

Applicable to:
Rolling Stock
System/
Subsystem 1
System/
Subsystem 2
System/
Subsystem
System/
Subsystem n
Requirement
Dimension
Symbol
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
The Customer can establish different tables for each one Failure Category specifying the
Requirements applicable for each table
The Requirements applicable to Systems/Subsystems of the rolling stock have to be
referred to the Breakdown Structure in which each System/Subsystem is clearly
identified.
8.3.3
Maintainability Targets
This section describes the Maintainability Targets required for rolling stock and for all the
subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock according to the
boundary limits defined.
For a rolling stock and for all the subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the
rolling stock according to the boundary limits defined there are different types of
Maintainability Targets:
Generic Qualitative Requirements (accessibility, dismounting, handiness,

standardisation, etc)
Preventive Maintenance Requirements (qualitative/quantitative) (i.e.

frequency, maximum number of personnel related to each frequency,
maximum number of hours related to each frequency, etc)
Corrective Maintenance Requirements (qualitative/quantitative) (i.e. MTTR,

Maximum TTR, etc)
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Logistic Support Requirements (supply and administrative delay, spare parts

availability, etc)
Maintenance Cost Requirements
8.3.3.1 Generic Qualitative Requirements for Maintainability

The qualitative requirements of maintainability should consider at least the following, as
an example:
Table 8: Qualitative Requirements for Maintainability
Accessibility:
the layout of each piece of equipment and its position on the rolling
stock and relative connections shall be made in such a way as to
make it possible to perform inspections, repairs, revision,
replacement, taking into consideration the dimensions of the tools
that may be necessary to perform these operations, the working
area necessary for the maintenance personnel, the safety standards
and possible need for localised illumination.
All fastening points of the equipment and interfacing points between
it and the infrastructures (ventilation channels, fans, filters, etc.)
shall, as a rule, be accessible without the need of special tools.
Dismounting:
it must be possible to dismantle any piece of equipment, or any part

of it, in case of need for failure or scheduled maintenance, without
having to operate on other pieces of equipment not directly involved
in the specific maintenance action.
Evaluation of removability should also take into account the possible
need to remove parts of the structure of the rolling stock (hatches,
casings, etc.) and the ease of dismantling or opening and handling
them.
Modularity:
in designing equipment every opportunity should be applied to

increase the modularity of the object so as to reduce intervention
time, the specialisation of the personnel required and the stocks to
be kept on hand.
Modularity should make it possible to divide maintenance activities
into two levels: primary maintenance (rapid replacement of the unit),
secondary maintenance (repair of the unit on the workbench).
Handiness:
every piece of equipment, device and item of furnishing subject to

dismantling for replacement, repair or programmed maintenance
should not exceed a weight of 25 kg and should be capable of being
handled with manual means by a single person.
This maximum weight can be doubled when the conditions of
accessibility make it possible for two persons to work together. The
external features of the shape of the unit in question should make it
easy to handle and not hazardous or capable of injuring the
personnel.
In the case of objects that have to be moved using mechanical
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hoisting equipment and/or transportation, the layout and

construction should provide for making available the necessary
provisions for hooking, fastening, hoisting with a forklift (eyebolts,
hooks, feet, etc.). If the hooking, hoisting or transportation
equipment is not available on the market, it must be designed,
constructed and supplied under the responsibility of the supplier.
The connections existing between the unit and the structure and
between the unit and the other units interfaced with it shall be
reversible, accessible, not subject to corrosion and rust in relation to
the environment in which they are located.
Ease of cleaning:
all environments, apparatus, flooring and coverings shall be

designed in such a way as to facilitate all operations of cleaning to
the utmost. In particular as regards passenger vehicles and
environments, textile coverings that can be cleaned efficiently or
have stains removed with dry-cleaning solvents applied with
mechanical means by spraying and vacuuming with high capacity
using detergent products should be used. Carpeting and wall-to-wall
textile flooring shall be designed for easy replacement for cleaning
off the rolling stock by providing appropriate breaks especially in the
environments subject to heavy traffic (corridors, vestibules, etc.).
The supplier shall indicate the cleansers compatible with the
materials and coverings used.
As a general rule, in the visible environments, all efforts should be
made to avoid sharp corners, indentations, complicated relief
patterns or hollows where dirt could accumulate or that could be
difficult to clean. This should be verified on the mock-up.
Standardisation:
the solutions used should, to the maximum extent, make it possible

to interchange parts with others already in use by the customer and
installed on other rolling stock. In particular, for elementary objects,
commercial or unified solutions should be used, or parts already in
use by the customer as classified replacement parts for which the
customer reserves to itself the right, if necessary, to supply a list.
There should also be a close match between the drawings and the
effective realisation of the pneumatic and electric circuits for all
rolling stock of the same supply same equipment on all the rolling
stock of the same supply..
Interchangeability
It has to be possible remove an item and install another one in its

place without affecting any equipment characteristics.
The replacement shall be compatible in form, fit and function
Testability
the objects have to be designed in such a way as to make it possible

to identify the conditions of the object clearly and rapidly. This
means that it should be possible to perform preventive diagnostics
so as to check the condition of the object before a failure occurs and
to be able to perform corrective diagnostics in order to identify
clearly which are the items that may be malfunctioning or damaged.
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8.3.3.2 Preventive/Corrective Maintenance Requirements

The Preventive/Corrective Maintenance Requirements can be of two types:
general (referred to all the maintenance actions)
specific (referred to maintenance actions on a sub-system)
Examples of general and specific requirements can be the followings:

Table 9: Preventive/Corrective Maintenance Requirements
Definition
Minimum Frequency for Scheduled
Maintenance
Maximum Standstill Time to complete
maintenance actions
Maximum Allowed Number of Personnel
employed for maintenance
Maximum
Allowed
Time
for
dismounting/mounting
Maximum
Allowed
Time
for
detect/isolate/replacing faulty items
Fault Coverage
Mean Time To Restore (corrective
maintenance)
Mean Time To Maintain (preventive
maintenance)
Mean Time Between Maintenance
Dimension
Symbol
hours, kilometres
MinFreqsm
hours
MaxSTcm
dimensionless
MaxANPm
hours
MaxATd-m
hours
MaxATd-i-r
Dimensionless
Fc
hours
MTTR
hours
MTTM
Time,
cycles
distance,
MTBM
8.3.3.3 Logistic Support Requirements

Typical Logistic Support Requirements can be:
Table 10: Logistic Support Requirements
Definition
Maximum
Allowed
time
to
reach
maintenance site
Maximum Allowed Time to plan maintenance
actions (time for taking spare parts from
storage depot, time for taking tools and
diagnosis equipment)
probability of spare parts on stock when
needed
Dimension
Symbol
hours
MaxATrm
hours
MaxATpm
dimensionless
Ps
Note: If it is not possible to measure time to reach maintenance site or to plan

maintenance actions, contractual fixed times can be used.
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8.3.3.4 Maintenance Cost Requirements

The maintenance cost constraints can be expressed in different ways.
A way to consider the maintenance cost is to express it as a maximum allowed
percentage of the whole Life Cycle Cost.
In this case the Customer has to specify which items are counted as maintenance cost.
Examples of items for maintenance cost are the following:
Table 11: Maintenance Cost Requirements
Definition
training of the maintenance personnel
travel costs sustained for reaching the
maintenance sites
spare parts acquisition, provision and
storage
Preventive (scheduled) maintenance
actions (including cost for spare parts
and cost for personnel employed)
Corrective
maintenance
actions
(including cost for spare parts and cost
for personnel employed)
Dimension
Symbol
Money
Tmp
Money
Tcm
Money
SPa-p-s
Money
PMc
Money
CMc
The percentage has to be expressed per year and considering the period of duration of
the Life Cycle.
Other Maintenance Cost Requirements can be the cost of Preventive or Corrective (or
the sum of the two) Maintenance where the Customer can use the cost per Kilometre or
per 1000 Kilometres or other significant basis (i.e. per year, per vehicle-train, per seat).
Also in this case Customer is asked to specify what this cost includes detailing the items
counted.
As appropriate, the Customer can specify specific targets for important sub-systems of
the rolling stock (bogie, supply power module, doors, air conditioning system, toilette,
etc)
8.3.4
Availability Targets
This section describes the Availability Targets required for rolling stock and for all the
subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock according to the
boundary limits defined.
Following the Annex A and C of the EN 50126 the availability A of a rolling stock is
specified as the time in which a rolling stock is in a state to perform its mission.
The availability formula is generally indicated by the following:
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MUT
; with 0 A 1
MUT + MDT
where,
MUT = Mean Up Time;
MDT = Mean Down Time;
Then the calculation of the availability can be done stating, over a predefined time
interval T, the following items:
MUT (in hours, kilometres or cycles)
MDT (in hours, kilometres or cycles)
The resulting down time d (T) within a time interval T (e.g., 1 year) is:
d (T) = (1 - A) T
The availability number is dimensionless and is usually indicated as a percentage.
Depending on the definition of MUT and MDT it is possible to have different types of
availability using the same formula:
Inherent Availability, Ai
Achieved (technical) Availability, Aa
Operational (logistic) Availability, Ao
For Inherent Availability, Ai, the definitions used for MUT and MDT are:
MUT=MTBF=Mean Time Between Failures (hours)
MDT=MTTR=Mean Time To Restore (hours)
then the formula is:
Ai =
MTBF
MTBF + MTTR
For Achieved (technical) Availability, Aa, the definitions for MUT and MDT are:
MUT=MTBM=Mean Time Between Maintenance (hours)
MDT=MTTM=Mean Time To Maintain (hours)
In this case the MTTM takes into account the mean time required to maintain rolling
stock both for preventive and corrective maintenance and then the formula is:
Aa =
MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
For Operational (logistic) Availability, Ao, the definitions for MUT and MDT are:
MUT=MTBM=Mean Time Between Maintenance (hours)
MDT=MTTM=Mean Time To Maintain (hours)
In this case the MTTM takes into account the mean time required to maintain rolling
stock both for preventive and corrective maintenance including logistical and
administrative delays and then the formula is:
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MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
Ao =
Another measure for availability can be considered calculating the ratio of the number of
rolling stock available for service to the whole fleet.
This is indicated as Fleet Availability, Af, and the number of rolling stock available for
service is determined by the difference between the number of rolling stock of the whole
fleet and the number of rolling stock not available for service due to maintenance actions
(preventive or corrective maintenance)
In this case the formula is:
Af =
Fop
Ftot
Ftot Fm
Ftot
where:
Fop= number of rolling stock available for service
Fm= number of rolling stock not available for service due to corrective and
preventive maintenance
Ftot= total number of the fleet of rolling stock
Also another type of availability is the schedule adherence (respect of the schedule)
measured as ratio of the number of journeys running according to schedule and the total
number of scheduled journeys.
The number of journeys running to schedule can be determined by the difference
between the total number of scheduled journeys and the number of journeys not running
to schedule due to causes concerning rolling stock.
In this case the formula is:
As =
Ftot _ s Fns
Fs
=
Ftot _ s
Ftot _ s
where:
Fs= number of journeys running to schedule
Fns= number of journeys not running to schedule due to causes concerning rolling
stock
Ftot_s= total number of scheduled journeys
The following table group the above mentioned Availability Requirements:
Table 12: Availability Requirements
Formula
Ai =
MTBF
MTBF + MTTR
Definition
Inherent Availability
Dimension
Dimensionless
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Aa =
MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
Achieved (technical) Availability
Dimensionless
Ao =
MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
Operational (logistic) Availability
Dimensionless
Fleet Availability
Dimensionless
Schedule Adherence
Dimensionless
Af =
As =
Fop
Ftot
Ftot Fm
Ftot
Ftot _ s Fns
Fs
=
Ftot _ s
Ftot _ s
Choosing the above reported availability requirements the Customer is asked to:
detail the factors of the formula chosen
take into account the responsibility of each factor
consider the implications of the notes given in 8.3.1.
state the time interval of the monitored period
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8.4
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RAM FIGURES CHOOSING PROCESS

The aim of this paragraph is to define a simple guide line to help Customer in choosing
appropriate figures for RAM requirements.
Considering the deliverables of the previous sections of the Guide the Customer is
asked to:
Analyse Rolling Stock System Identification and its Breakdown Structure
Consider Functional Requirements involved and its sub-systems related
Consider RAM Requirements affected by Functional Requirements analysing

through Failure Conditions
Consider RAM requirements of similar rolling stock
Review past achieved RAM performances
Consider Technical evolution of the rolling stock under consideration
Evaluate the impact of new functionalities requested
Consider a realistic improvement of RAM requirements
Consider other specific and documented needs
The previous action points should enable the Customer to make the better choice with
substantial supporting documentation.
The Customer should document the choosing process of RAM Figures specifying the
consideration adopted to address each figure chosen.
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8.5
8.5.1
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RAM PROGRAMME
Introduction
The RAM Programme is a set of activities to be performed along the system Life Cycle
for ensuring that the RAM Requirements stated for the rolling stock are fulfilled at each
development phase.
An efficient RAM Programme shall be established and maintained by the Supplier with
the purpose of ensuring that the RAM Requirements are properly achieved by providing
substantive information/visibility through appropriate RAM analysis.
The RAM Programme tasks shall be managed with direct relationships with general
functional and technical tasks of the Life Cycle through periodical reviews.
The RAM Programme shall be coherent with 7.3 and 7.4.
8.5.2
Configuration Management System

A suitable Configuration Management System shall be established and maintained by
the Supplier for identifying and documenting modifications to specific characteristics of a
functional or physical item of the rolling stock, recording and reporting modifications
processing and implementation status and verifying compliance with stated RAM
Requirements.
The Supplier is responsible to provide visibility of the configuration management process
through documented activities and periodical reviews.
During the periodical reviews the Supplier is asked to provide reports specifying, as
minimum, the followings;
documents delivered, indicating the relevant revisions
status of the current activities with objective evidence of activities and

documentation:
already carried out

in progress
to be carried out
notification of problems affecting RAM Requirements
proposal for corrective actions to solve problems
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RAM Programme Outline

An example of typical outline of RAM Programme is showed below along with a list of
contents:
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. PURPOSE
1.2. SCOPE
1.3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
1.4. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
2.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
2.2. SYSTEM BREAKDOWN:
3. RAM CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS:
3.1. QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS
Reliability requirements
Maintainability requirements
Availability requirements
3.2. QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENTS
Reliability requirements
Maintainability requirements
Availability requirements
4. RAM MANAGEMENT:
4.1. IMPLEMENTATION OF RAM
4.2. MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RAM ANALYSES AND QUALITY
PLAN
4.3. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT PROCESS
4.4. ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES
4.5. RAM MAIN ACTIVITIES:
System Life Cycle Phases
RAM activities during life cycle
RAM documentation
5. RAM PROGRAMME PLAN:
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Assumptions and scope of analyses

Methods and tools used
RAM detailed activities, analyses and documents
Periodical RAM Programme reviews
System Condition and Mission Profile
Reliability Modeling, prediction and apportionment
FMECA analysis and Reliability Block Diagram
Fault Tree Analysis
Software Reliability analysis
Corrective Maintenance Analysis
Preventive Maintenance Analysis
Fault isolation and trouble shooting actions Plan
Reliability development/growth testing programme
Maintainability preliminary tests
Reliability demonstration tests
Maintainability demonstration tests
Failure data collection from field
Follow up of RAM critical items
6. RAM DELIVERABLE DOCUMENTS AND SCHEDULE

6.1 LIST OF RAM DELIVERABLES
6.2 SCHEDULE FOR RAM ANALYSES
6.3 PERIODICAL RAM ACTIVITIES REPORT
The RAM Programme Plan establishes all the programme management tasks, in terms
of timing and implementation details of the programme activities and documentation to
accomplish the RAM Programme Requirements.
In the RAM Programme Plan the Supplier shall declare the procedures, the tools and the
timing foreseen for implementing the RAM Programme.
It should be noted that the Supplier is responsible to establish the content of the RAM
Programme and of the RAM Programme Plan and to submit these documents to the
Customer for acceptance within a time agreed by the parts in accordance with System
Quality Plan.
8.5.4
Example of RAM Analyses Document Forms and Data

The aim of this paragraph is to provide an overview of RAM Analyses Document Forms
and Data in order to give to the reader the ability to handle with more practice all the
issues related to RAM Programme.
The followings are example of forms of the most common RAM documentations and
analyses to be provided by the Supplier in order to give substantive information/visibility
of the RAM activities carried out and to show that the rolling stock is likely to satisfy the
RAM Requirements in each phase of the Life Cycle from the tender to the operation
phase.
A list of tools suitable for use to perform the different analyses and to manage all RAM
activities is given within EN 50126 - Annex B - item B5.
8.5.4.1 Common Data for the analyses

A set of data are referred to the identification of object of analysis. This type of data are
common through the different analyses and are referred to the Breakdown Structure.
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They represent the header of the analysis.

In order to simplify the common understanding, within this examples a three level
breakdown structure has been considered where the third level is the LRU level.
Generally these kind of data are at least the following:
Rolling stock
ID code of rolling stock
L1 Code
Breakdown code of the level 1 assembly
L1 assembly
Description of the Level 1 assembly
L2 Code
Breakdown code of the higher assembly/subassembly
L2 assembly
Description of the Level 2 assembly
Drwg. or Diag. ref.
Identification number of drawing or diagram containing

the identification references of the LRUs (code and
description) under consideration
Doc.N.
Code of document
Date
Date of document
Page n/N
Consecutive number of page/total number of pages
Drawn up by
First and last name of author
Filename
Name of file of the document
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8.5.4.2 Reliability Prediction Analysis Form and Data Sheets

The reliability prediction sheets should contain the following information:
Code
Breakdown code of LRU
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Part No. of LRU
Failure
rate
failures/ Mh)
(in
Failure rate of LRU expressed in number of failures per

million hours
MTBF (h)
MTBF of LRU in hours
Qty
Amount of LRU in L2 assembly
Total failure rate (in

failures/Mh)
Total failure rate, obtained as the product between the

failure rate of the LRU and the qty of the LRUs in the L2
assembly
Total MTBF (h)
Total MTBF referred to the total failure rate
Total Failures Rate

(in failures/MKm)
Average failures per million km of the LRU
Total Qty
Total no. of LRUs in the whole rolling stock
Source of failure rate
Origin of the failure rate indicated (also codes of data

sources used)
Notes
Any possible clarifications on the origin of the failure rate

and correction factors introduced
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Reliability Prediction Sheets

Doc. N.
Rolling Stock
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Drwg or Diagr Ref
Page n/N
File name
L2 Assy total Data
Code
LRU Description
Part
Number
Failure Rate
(f/10^6 h)
MTBF (h)
Qty
Total F. Rate
(g/10^6 h)
Total MTBF
(h)
Total Failure
Rate
(f/Mkm
)
Total MKBF
(km)
Total
Qty
Failure Rate
Source
LRU
Fig. 1 Example of Reliability Prediction Analysis Sheet
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8.5.4.3 Maintenance Attributes (Maintenance Levels, Skill Level and LRU definition)
Within railway field there are several definitions and attributes of maintenance.
The purpose of this paragraph is to address to every practical maintenance actions in
order to clear the issues affecting RAM Requirements and then, within the previous short
list, only the suitable definitions will be considered.
As a common situation within railway field, here it is considered the existence of a depot
for the Rolling Stock with trained personnel, resources, a minimum set of spare parts,
tools and equipment to carry out maintenance where the target is to minimise the
standstill time of the Rolling Stock in order to release the maintained Rolling Stock ready
for service within the lowest possible time.
Where the complexity of the maintenance actions, related to the trained personnel,
resources, a minimum set of spare parts, tools and equipment available within the depot,
does not meet this target, the maintenance actions will be carried out with the Rolling
Stock out of service within a specialised workshop.
The first situation it is commonly called as "First Level Maintenance" and the second one
it is commonly called as "Second Level Maintenance".
Considering the previous concern and as the main purpose of the analyses is to meet
RAM Requirements, there are 2 possibilities to carry out the Preventive Maintenance:.
1
First Level Maintenance: In this case two choices can be considered addressing the
target of the first level maintenance:
All the maintenance scheduled actions are carried out within the depot
Only disassembling/assembling of items (replacing items with spare parts),

and the other maintenance actions are carried out on the dismantled items
within the depot/workshop
Second Level Maintenance: In this case only one choice can be considered:
All the maintenance scheduled actions are carried out within a workshop
Within this concern for the Preventive Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets can
be used this two codes as "Maintenance Level Codes":
FLPM (First Level Preventive Maintenance)
SLPM (Second Level Preventive Maintenance)
A similar situation occurs when Corrective Maintenance is considered, but in this case
besides the resources of the depot (personnel, tools, equipment, and so on) also the
failure mode must be taken into account as an attribute affecting the RAM
Requirements:
1
First Level Maintenance: In this case two choices can be considered addressing the
target of the first level maintenance:
Repairable Failure Mode: All the repair maintenance actions are carried out
within the depot
Not Repairable Failure Mode: Only disassembling/assembling of items

(replacing items with spare parts)
Second Level Maintenance: In this case only one choice can be considered:
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Repairable Failure Mode: Only disassembling/assembling of items (replacing

items with spare parts), and the other repair maintenance actions are carried
out on the dismantled items within the depot/workshop
Within this concern for the Corrective Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets can
be used this three codes as "Maintenance Level Codes":
FLCM - Rep (First Level Corrective Maintenance with Repairable Failure

Mode)
FLCM - Not Rep (First Level Corrective Maintenance with Not Repairable
Failure Mode)
SLCM (Second Level Corrective Maintenance)
Depending on the definition of First Level Maintenance, also the definition of LRU (Line
Replaceable Unit) can be clarified:
LRU = It is the item on which first level maintenance actions are carried out.
This definition can be used where the depth of the Breakdown Structure must be
defined. (see 8.1.3)
As an aid to establish "Skill Level Codes", the following are suggested as an example:
Low Skill Level (Code "L"): Personnel with basic knowledge of the
systems/subsystems and able to carry out simple and easy actions such as:
actions in which the item is directly visible (easily accessible without complex
disassembling actions) and that can be performed using standard tools
(screwdriver, wrench, )
Intermediate Skill Level (Code "I"): Personnel with specific knowledge of the
systems/subsystems and able to carry out detailed actions such as:
searching for the item needing maintenance, also using not standard
tools/equipment (multimeter, gauge, tester,) and with disassembling actions
even using diagrams and maintenance manual
High Skill Level (Code "H"): Personnel with complete and specialised
knowledge of the systems/subsystems and able to carry out detailed actions
such as:
searching for the item needing maintenance, also using sophisticated tools for
technical measures (oscilloscope, logic state analyser, ) and for fine tuning
and with disassembling actions even using drawings, diagrams and
maintenance manual
8.5.4.4 Preventive Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets
The preventive maintenance analysis sheets should contain the following information:
Code
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Part No. of LRU
Qty
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Step no.
Consecutive number
maintenance task
identify
each
Maintenance Task
Description of the preventive maintenance task
Spare Parts and special

tools
description of the special equipment (not provided

by the depot or workshop and in any case not easily
available on the market) and materials necessary
(consumables and spares)
Frequency
Frequency of the maintenance task (time or Km)
Maintenance level
Codes of the maintenance levels used by the

maintainer
Personnel
number of persons necessary at the same time for

the maintenance task described
Skill Level
Code of the Skill level requested for the personnel to

carry out the maintenance task
Spare Parts Cost
Unit cost of materials expressed in EURO
Man hours
time required for the maintenance task multiplied by

the number of persons necessary
Standstill time
Standstill time for the rolling stock during the

maintenance task
Total Qty
Notes
any notes, comments or remarks on the logistics or

other (e.g. references to the maintenance manual)
As an aid to establish the Maintenance Plan the following sheet contains rearranged
data for the same frequency. This sheet also contains an indication for logistic
organisation of the maintainer with the "Frequency total data", where the Supplier is
asked to indicate the following data for the frequency analysed:
man-hour requested to complete all the maintenance tasks of the frequency
Standstill time for the rolling stock to complete all the maintenance tasks of
the frequency
Maximum number of persons simultaneously involved to complete all the

maintenance tasks of the frequency
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Preventive Maintenance Sheets

Doc. N.
Rolling Stock
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Drwg or Diagr Ref
Page n/N
File name
Spare Parts
Cost
(/1000km)
Man-hour
Cost
(/1000km)
Total Cost
(/1000km)
Maintenance
Task
Spare
Parts and
Special
Tools
Frequency
L2 Assy total Data
Code
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Step
N
Maintenanc
e Level
LRU
Personnel
Skill
N.
Level
Spare Parts
Cost
Manhour
Standstill
Time
Total Qty
Notes
Fig. 2 Example of Preventive Maintenance Analysis Sheet
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Preventive Maintenance Sheets for Frequency

Doc. N.
Rolling Stock
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Drwg or Diagr Ref
Page n/N
File name
Spare Parts
Cost
()
Man-hour
(h)
Standstill Time
(h)
Max number of
persons
contemporary
involved
Maintenance
Task
Spare
Parts and
Special
Tools
Maintenance
Level
Personnel
Skill
N.
Level
Frequency total Data
Code
LRU
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Step
N
Spare
Parts
Cost
Man-hour
Standst
ill Time
Total Qty
Notes
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Fig. 3 Example of Preventive Maintenance Sheet for a single frequency
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8.5.4.5 Corrective Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets

The corrective maintenance analysis sheets should contain the following information:
Code
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Part No. of LRU
Qty
Failure Mode.
Failure Mode analysed for the LRU referring the

FMECA analysis sheet
Maintenance Task
Description of the corrective maintenance task
Spare Parts and special

tools
description of the special equipment (not provided

by the depot or workshop and in any case not easily
available on the market) and materials necessary
(consumables and spares)
Failure rate (in failures/

Mh)
Failure rate of the failure mode of the LRU

expressed in number of failures per million hours
Maintenance Level
Codes of the maintenance levels used by the

maintainer
Personnel
number of persons necessary at the same time for

the maintenance task described
Skill Level
Code of the Skill level requested for the personnel to

carry out the maintenance task
Spare Parts Cost
Unit cost of materials expressed in EURO
Man hours
Time required for the maintenance task multiplied by

the number of persons necessary
Standstill time
Standstill time for the rolling stock during the

maintenance task
Total Qty
Notes
any notes, comments or remarks on the logistics or

other (e.g. references to the maintenance manual)
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Corrective Maintenance Sheets

Doc. N.
Rolling Stock
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Drwg or Diagr Ref
Page n/N
File name
Spare Parts
Cost
(/1000km)
Man-hour
Cost
(/1000km)
Total Cost
(/1000km)
L2 Assy total Data
Code
LRU
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Failure
Mode
Spare
Maintenance Parts and
Task
Special
Tools
Failure Rate
(f/10^6 h)
Maintenance
Level
Personnel
Skill
N.
Level
Spare Parts
Cost
Manhour
Standstill
Time
Total Qty
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Fig. 4 Example of Corrective Maintenance Analysis Sheet
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8.5.4.6 Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis Form and Data Sheets
The FMECA can be carried out addressing analysis to examine functions or items; the
following showed example is addressed to items analysis.
The FMECA sheets should contain the following information:
Code
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Part No. of LRU
Qty
Function
Short description of the function performed by the

LRU
Failure Mode.
The predicted or observed results of a failure cause

on the LRU in relation to the operating conditions at
the time of the failure
Failure Cause.
The circumstances which have led to a failure
Failure rate (in failures/

Mh)
Failure rate of the failure mode of the LRU

expressed in number of failures per million hours
Local effects
worst effects of the failure mode on the LRU
Effect on higher assy.
worst effects of the failure mode on the L1/L2

assembly
Effects on rolling stock
worst effects of the failure mode on the rolling stock,

also considering its possible effects on other
assemblies or subassemblies
Criticality
Code of the category of criticality of the failure mode

according to a stated table of reference considering
on the basis of effects affecting safety and/or
service
Failure
Description
Category
Codes and description of the failure category

according the Failure Categories established
Diagnosis
description of the method of detecting and

diagnostics used to detect and identify the failure
mode
Corrective Actions
description of the measures or compensatory

means suggested to prevent the failure mode,
minimise its criticality or reduce/eliminate its effects.
Notes
any notes, comments or remarks useful for the

analysis
Note that the Corrective Actions must be addressed to:
the designer when the FMECA is carried out during the design phase in
order to improve the design of the Rolling Stock
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on board and maintenance personnel and then included within Maintenance

and User Manual in order to improve the service of the Rolling Stock,
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FMECA Sheets
Doc. N.
Rolling Stock
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Drwg or Diagr Ref
Page n/N
File name
Code
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Functi
on
Failure
Mode
LRU
Failure
Cause
Failure
Rate
(F/Mh)
Effects
Local
Assy
Criticality
Failure
Category
Diagnosis
Corrective
Actions
Rolling
Stock
Fig. 5 Example of FMECA Sheet
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9
9.1
Draft
May 2002
RAM ASSURANCE DURING LIFE CYCLE

RAM PROGRAMME AND PHASES OF THE LIFE CYCLE
This section provides information supporting overall and preliminary RAM requirements.
Also it gives information about activities and documentation during the life cycle phases
supporting detailed specifications and requirements for the rolling stock including its
systems and sub-systems.
Also, this section aims to define what phases of the system Life Cycle the RAM
Programme deals with and to provide more information about:
activities to be managed
analysis and tools to be implemented
documentation to be provided
during the RAM Programme process.

According to the definitions above, we can define the RAM Programme as shown in the
following diagram.
1
Concept
System definition and
Risk Analysis
System Requirements
Apportionment
Design and implementation
Manufacture
Installation
System validation
application conditions
of system
requirement
10
System acceptance
11
Operation and
12
Performance monitoring
13
Modification
14
Decommissioning and disposal
maintenance
and retrofit
Fig. 6 RAM Programme and Life Cycle Phases

The entities involved in the Life Cycle are explained in 7.2.
The following example
implementation when:
shows
the
integration
process
and
the
programme
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The Customer is also the Operator and the Maintainer;
The Main Supplier is alone and has to negotiate sub-contracts with suppliers.
Customer
Rolling Stock Supplier
Equipment Supplier
Concept, definition and

specification of Rolling stock

specification of rolling stock

specification of equipments
Concept
System definition and application
conditions
Risk analysis
System requirements
Apportionment of system
requirements
Concept
Generic Rolling Stock definition
and application conditions
Risk analysis
Rolling Stock performances
requirements
Concept
Equipment definition and
application conditions
Risk analysis
System performances
requirements
TENDER PHASE
Call for tender
Feasability analysis
Risk analysis
Answer to the tender
Negociation
Negociation
Decision
Customer
Main Contractor
Feasability analysis
Risk analysis
Answer to the tender
Negociation
Sub Contractors
PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
Mission profile
Operating rules
Apportionment of RS performances
Definition of mission profile
RAM Programme Plan
RAM Preliminary analyses
Preliminary Design Review
Final Design Review
RAM Detailed analyses

Consolidation of RAM analyses
Performance growth monitoring
RAM Demonstration
RAM Synthesis Report
Apportionment for equipment

Definition of mission profile
Detailed analyses
RAM synthesis reports
Implementation of action plans
Final acceptance
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Tender phase:
The tender phase is prepared by the Customer during the previous phases (see Fig. 6
phases 1 to 5) and it results in the call for tender document sent to all the potential
Suppliers.
The call for tender contains data about concept, definition and specification of rolling
stock and RAM Requirement to be fulfilled according 8.
The Customer should ask the potential Suppliers for data and analysis during tender
phase. This documentation is useful to better match different offers on the same basis.
Examples of documentation to be required during tender phase can be taken from
design phase documentation. (see 8.5.4)
Before answering to the call for tender, the Supplier has to perform relevant tasks to
insure that all risks related to the compliance with each requirements are taken into
consideration:
Feasibility analysis: This analysis allows to determinate the best reasonable

performances which can be achieved taking into account current experience
resulting from the new mission profile and taking into account variations on
the definition of the system. This task is performed at rolling stock level,
using current experience on similar applications and calculation models like
Fault Tree Analysis or Reliability Block Diagrams
Risk analysis: Referring to the best reasonable performances calculated

through feasibility analysis, this task allows to determine the probability to
pay penalties taking into account the gap between required and achievable
performances.
Answer to the tender: Write the different sections of the offer related to RAM
activity providing the RAM documents requested by the Customer
Negotiation: Answer to the questions asked by the Customer and/or support

the negotiation team during the negotiation phase.
After receiving offers the Customer evaluates the documents and chooses for the best
offer.
Usually a short phase of negotiation between the Customer and the potential Supplier is
planned, where Contractual Agreements are taken.
The tender phase is concluded by the Contract Award or the Notice to proceed.
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9.1.2

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Design Phase
The following flow chart shows the different tasks included in the RAM Programme to be
implemented after Contract Award or Notice To Proceed.
The input documentation of this phase is the tender documentation presented by the
Supplier and the contractual agreements fulfilled during negotiation.
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Contractual
agreements
Tender
Draft
May 2002
Contractual
requirements
Functional
specifications
documentation
RAM
specification
Allocations
Mission
profile
RAM
Programme
Preliminary
analyses
Product
definition
Preliminary
Design
Review
FOLLOW UP
OF
Critical
CRITICAL
Points
ITEMS
Identification
Detailed
analyses
Final
Design
Review
RAM Growth
monitoring
Action
Plan
Recommendations
Satisfactory
C
O
M
M
I
S
S
I
O
N
I
N
& G
A
C
C
E
P
T
A
N
C
E
Data from test

and field
Final
synthesis report
Final
Acceptance
The following is the description of a possible definition of the tasks:

Designation
RAM specification
Description of the task

This first step, after Contract Award, allows the Rolling Stock main
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Contractor to specify to Sub Contractors, Partners or Equipment

Suppliers the Contractual requirements related to subsystems,
functions or equipments in their scope of supply.
Also, it generally includes the delivery for approval of the RAM
Programme.
Preliminary
analyses
The inputs of this task are the tender documents and the contractual
agreements.
Implemented at functional level, this task aims to highlight the RAM
critical functions on which further detailed analyses will focus.
During this phase, the classification of functions will be made using the
Failure Categories defined by the Supplier and adapted to the specific
requirements of the Contract.
This task is performed using functional FMECAs to identify RAM critical
functions and Reliability Block Diagrams
The deliverable of this task is a set of Preliminary Analysis to cover all
the RAM Requirements.
Generally, the level of depth of the analyses is not low, but the level is
established according the Breakdown Structure of the Rolling Stock
and according the level of definition and specification of the technical
and functional design.
Preliminary Design
Review
This milestone is stated to check the design process and to review all
the RAM documentation with the purpose of ensuring that the RAM
Requirements are properly achieved and to examine problems arising.
Detailed analyses
This task aims to perform detailed analyses highlighted during the

preliminary analyses.
During this task the Supplier has already reach a good level of depth
for the design and then the corresponding Breakdown Structure of the
Rolling Stock will be at LRU Level.
As a consequence, the set of the analyses of the previous phase will be
updated and detailed considerations according the RAM Requirement
are made.
The final scope of such analyses is to make sure of the fulfillment of
the RAM Requirement of the designed rolling stock.
solve last problems, when arisen
verify the completeness of the set of documents
prepare activities for tests and collection of data from field
During this phase the Supplier collects detailed analyses carried out
by sub contractors in order to:
Insure a good consistency between them;
Integrate the previsions provided by them, at equipment

level in the model, in order to get previsions at rolling
stock level;
Integrate interfaces malfunctions in the model for prevision

Final Design Review This milestone is stated to check the design process and to review all
the RAM documentation with the purpose of ensuring that the RAM
Requirements are properly achieved and to examine problems arising.
The final scope of this review is to:
check the fulfillment of the RAM Requirements
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RAM Growth
monitoring
Draft
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solve last problems, when arisen
verify the completeness of the set of documents
prepare activities for tests and collection of data from field
This task aims to monitor RAM growth (essentially reliability growth) so

that the time to get steady state level is the shortest possible.
This task consists in the implementation of a problem solving process
involving all the subcontractors and the contractor in order to:
Identify the problems occurring during the earliest operation

phase;
Highlight the most contributive problems affecting contractual

service performances;
Elaborate an action plan allowing to eradicate the problems or

mitigate their effects;
Follow up the impact of such action plan to decide about carrying

on the iterative process or stop it.
Follow up of critical
items
This task is a specific management task implemented all along the

design process from preliminary analysis to service operation.
It consists in:
Identifying, as issues of the RAM analysis process (preliminary and
detailed analysis) the critical scenarios (failures associated to their
effects on service or on safety) ;
Classifying these scenarios according to combination of their
estimated frequency and their effects on safety or service;
Proposing or ask the designers to propose actions or provisions to
eliminate the scenarios or mitigate their effects;
Estimating the impact of the action plan;
Following up application of these actions during the latest design
phases or during manufacturing;
This task is performed using problem solving techniques.
9.1.3
Demonstration Phase
9.1.3.1 Introduction
This paragraph deals with the operation period in which Customer is asked to check the
fulfilment of RAM Contractual Targets for the rolling stock under consideration by RAM
Demonstration tests and collection of data from field.
From the point of view of the Customer, the collection of data from field has the target of
addressing:
a basis for rolling stock acceptance
a knowledge about the rolling stock performance
a reference data base for new rolling stocks/systems/subsystems tendering
Also, from the point of view of the Supplier, the collection of data from field has the target
of:
monitoring/verifying design, manufacture and installation phase
monitoring rolling stock operation to address corrective actions
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gathering data and knowledge for further development
Also, in the long term operation, the target is to find out weak points in the management
process (operation and maintenance phases) in order to form a basis for performance
improvement and cost reduction to optimise maintenance and operation.
The definition of test procedures have to be coherent with the system identification
process and definition given in 8.
All the RAM documents provided during design period according the RAM Programme
are intended to be proof of compliance with RAM Requirements of the designed rolling
stock.
9.1.3.2 RAM Acceptance Criteria
On the basis of the RAM Requirements chosen, the Customer is asked to define the
RAM Acceptance Criteria on the field.
The definition of reliability acceptance criteria has to be addressed to specify the
conditions in which a failure is classified as "chargeable" or due to responsibility of the
Supplier, or alternatively is classified as "unchargeable".
The following general conditions of failure are to be considered as "unchargeable" when
verified:
failures occurred during the service out of the stated conditions of operation
failures due to Customer personnel
failures due to accidental events
In the same way the Customer is asked to define for each RAM Requirement detailed
acceptance criteria in order to establish, before the beginning of the checking period,
clear rules to be followed.
9.1.3.3 In service checking Period
The Customer is responsible in defining an appropriate duration of the checking period.
Defining the checking period, the Customer should consider that usually the RAM
targets are not achieved in the first period of operation, but after a burn-in period where
a reliability growth monitoring process has to be implemented.
Generally the steady state level is achieved at least after 2 years of revenue service.
The reliability growth process is a continuous monitoring of the targets on field and
successive analysis of the results and matching against the contractual requirements.
Where results from field do not meet contractual requirements, corrective actions are
requested to the Supplier.
Choosing the checking period, it is important to highlight that:
within the Reliability Growth Process, the corrective actions must be

managed as described in 8.5.2, with a corrective action plan, as appropriate
at the beginning of the RAM Checking Period, the Reliability Growth Process
has to be concluded
in order to manage a coherent field data collection the configuration of the

rolling stock has to be frozen
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the duration of the checking period has to be chosen evaluating:
the number of rolling stock of the fleet and the cumulative annual kilometres of
service
the maintenance plan of the rolling stock
the RAM Requirements chosen by the Customer
the duration of the contractual relationships between Customer and Supplier
(i.e. duration of warranty period)
Also, the Customer must consider, as appropriate, if the checking period and the field
data collection is addressed to cover:
the entire rolling stock fleet
a selected number of rolling stock of the fleet
other systems/subsystems of interest
9.1.3.4 Data Report from field and organisation

The field data collection, within the checking period, comprises the whole process of
gathering data on figures and events occurring such as:
failures during operation and maintenance
classification of the failures (Significant, Major, Minor)
structure code of the item source of the failure
description of the fault detected
work during maintenance
amount of man-hours
material consumption
kilometres/hours of service
downtimes and standstill times (also logistic and administrational delays)
Also reports about repair and cause of failure are necessary to address correct
corrective actions.
Obviously, identification data has to be collected to gain traceability for further
investigations such as:
identification number of the report containing data
date of the event occurred
description of the operation status
identification number of the rolling stock (or vehicle) within the fleet
Also a preventive information on responsibility could be given to address acceptance

criteria.
Usually the Customer and the Supplier agree for a RAM Demonstration Plan containing,
at least, specification of:
rules and methods
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resource and tools
organisation and responsibility
field data collection sites (depots, workshops)
reference documents (i.e. RAM analyses and Breakdown structure)
RAM contractual targets
acceptance criteria
procedure to collect data
detection of all source of data and any disturbances
schedule of periodical field data collection reviews
procedure to solve problems and to address corrective actions
procedure for implementing corrective action plan
It is important to note that the corrective action plan has to contain also the assessment
of the impact of the corrective actions on the configuration management process as
explained in 8.5.2.
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10 SPECIFIC HAZARDS RELATED TO ROLLING STOCK

10.1 INTRODUCTION
The aim of this paragraph is to give a reference list of the most common hazards
associated with rolling stock.
The reader is asked to consider this list as an aid to develop more suitable and coherent
list of hazards related to the rolling stock under consideration.
10.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
The definition of a list of hazards is a complex and delicate process requiring a deep
knowledge of the railway scenarios.
The process of deriving detailed hazards for rolling stock shall be addressed to cover all
the possible and reasonable factors influencing safety by considering at least the
following:
type of operation
procedures of signalling
mode of operation
rules and laws constraints
standards applicable
technical and functional specification
maintenance and logistic support issues
human factors
environment and functional interface issues
and so on.
All the consideration shall be addressed to identify all the possible situations or
associated events likely to have an effect on the safety, in terms of injury or death of
humans, for passengers and/or service personnel when they are:
on the rolling stock
entering/alighting vehicles
on or near the line
on the station
performing maintenance
The use of data of previous accidents and incidents, generic lists and each other
document dealing with safety hazards is recommended.
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10.3 LIST OF THE MOST COMMON HAZARDS RELATED TO ROLLING STOCK

On the above mentioned basis and consideration the below reported list contains the
most common hazards related to rolling stock grouped into general categories.
Electrical
Tensioned surfaces/points
Electrostatic Discharge
Overheating
Inadvertent Activation
Ignition of Combustibles
Electrical Arc
Induced
Coupling)
Voltage
(Capacitive
Mechanical
Sharp Edges/Points
Reciprocating Equipment
Lifting Weights
Ejected/Thrown Parts/Fragments
Vibration
Pinch Points
Rotating Equipment
Crushing Surfaces
Stability/Toppling Potential
Altered Structural Properties
Pneumatic/Hydraulic Pressure
Overpressurization
Pipe/Hose Whip
Blown Objects
Implosion
Pipe/Vessel/Duct Rupture
Backflow/Siphon Effect
Crossflow
Blast
Acceleration/Deceleration/Gravity
Excessive acceleration
Collision
Excessive deceleration
Slip/Trip
Inadvertent Motion
Falling Objects
Loose Object Translation
Falls
Derailment
Temperature Extremes
Hot/Cold Surface
Pressure Elevation
Freezing
Humidity/Moisture
Confined Gas/Liquid
Elevated Flammability
Reduced Reliability
Elevated Volatility
Fire/Flammability/Noise
Presence of:
Fuel
Noise
Ignition Source
Page 147 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
Draft
May 2002
Oxidizer
Explosive Vapor
Radiation
Explosive Dust
Explosive Propellant
Compressed Air/Gas
Explosive Gas
Lubrication
Explosive Liquid
Leaks/Spills
Materials:
Irritants
Liquids/Cryogens
Corrosive
Gases/Vapors
Asphyxiants
Dusts
Allergens
Toxic
Human Factors (Also see Ergonomic)
Operator Error
Failure to Operate
Operation Out of Sequence
Operate Too Long
Inadvertent Operation
Operation Early/Late
Right Operation/Wrong Control
Operate Too Briefly
Ergonomic (Also see Human Factors)

Fatigue
Faulty/
Inadequate
Readout Labelling
Inaccessibility
Inadequate
Control/
Differentiation
Readout
Inappropriate
Location
Readout
Control/
Control/
Inadequate/ Improper Illumination

Glare
Non existing/
Switches
Inadequate
"Kill"
Faulty Workstation Design

Control Systems
Power Outage
Grounding Failure
Sneak Software
Sneak Circuit
Interference (EMI/ESI)
Inadvertent Activation
Lightning Strike
Moisture
The above reported hazards are general or high level categories of hazards applicable
to rolling stock.
The list is intentionally redundant in any category, where the repeated hazard are listed
to highlight and capture the attention on it.
11 RAM PARAMETERS TO BE INCORPORATED INTO LCC MODEL
To Be Defined
Page 148 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11

Draft
May 2002
12 ANNEX A - EXAMPLES OF BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

Here below there are highlighted two possible ways to represent a structure:
the organisation chart
the tree breakdown chart
The following is an example using the organisation chart for the rolling stock "EMU
(Electrical Multiple Unit) COACH", where only for visual purposes two branch have been
developed.
Page 149 of 158
E
C
C
D
C
D
o d e : 1 C . 1o d e : 1 C . 2o
H e ef : a t D S e i f d : e
w D Fi en
I n s u l a tp i oa ns s e n g
Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
M
o
U
a
c h
o d e : 1C
o d e : 2C
o d e : 3C
o d e : 4C
o d e : 5C
o d e : 6C
o d e
C e af : r b o D d D ey of : o r
D P e n f : e u D m L e . i f ga : hn td i D n Fg e i f t : t i n g D s A e u f : t o m D . C e f oi f r : me
b r a k i n g s s y y s s t te e mm
Q
t y : e x1 t i n g u c i so h n i d n
Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
Q
t y : 1
Q
d e : 1 C . 3o d e : 1 C
l f do : o wr D S e i f d : e
wD
e r r o o pm a n e l l
0 Q
t y : 1
Q
t y
. 4o d e : 1 C . 5o d e : 1 . 6
aR e l ol f : o f D U e nf : d e r f r a m
i n g
: 2 Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
C
D
C
D
o d e : C8 .
L e o f : u d Ds pE
s
Q
t y :
: 7C
o
p Da S r e t e
i gt i of u n
t y : 1
o d e : 8 . 1
P e a f :s s e n g e r
i n f . s y s t e m
Q
t y : 1
d e :
f ar: v i r i
ni n c g t
Q
t
8C
o d e : 9C
o d e : 1 0
c D e T e o f i: l e t D E e l ef : c t r i c a
i o n s Q
t y : e 1q u i p m
e
y : 1
Q
t y : 1
C
D
o d e : 8 . 2
V e ifd: e o
s u r v e i
I n s u l a t i o n
Q
t y : 1
o 1 d . 1 e : 8C . o 1 d . 2 e : 8C . o 1 d . 3 e : 8C . o 1 d . 4 e
e em f a: e k r e Dg r Ie en n f t :ec yr n D a E le x fi n: t e f . r Dn Ea e l x f : t e
p e e c h d u i sn p i t l a s y i d e d i s c p a l am
1 0Q
t y : 5 Q
t y : 2 Q
t y : 2 Q
Fig. 7 Example of structure using organisation chart for an Electrical Multiple Unit Coach
: 8C
r Dn
y
t y
. o2
Ia en l
c
: 2
d. 1 e : 8 . 2
f t :e r n a l
a m
Q
t y : 2
The following is an example of representation of the Breakdown Structure using a

tree diagram for a EMU Traction Vehicle.
Fig. 8 Example of structure using the tree breakdown chart for an EMU
(Electrical Multiple Unit) Traction Vehicle
TREE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

ROLLING STOCK: EMU TRACTION VEHICLE
Doc. N.
Date
Drawn up by
Page n/N
File name
Code
L1 - System
Carbody
Motor bogie
Qty
Code
L2 - Sub-system or LRU
Qty
Code
L3 - LRU
Qty
1
1.1
Heat insulation
1.2
Front panel
1.3
Side window, passenger room
14
1.4
Side window, driver's cab
1.5
Floor
1.6
Side wall, panelling
1.7
Roof
1.8
Nose cover
1.9
Obstacle deflector
1.10
Energy absorbtion elements
1.11
Aerodynamic front nose structure
1.12
Underframe
2.1
Bogie frame
2.2
Carrier
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Primary suspension
Secondary suspension
Bearing assembly
Wheel set
2.2.1
Steering rod
2.3.1
Damper
2.3.2
Helical spring
2.4.1
Air spring
2.4.2
Pneumatic components for secondary 1

suspension (set)
2.4.3
Vertical damper
2.4.4
Horizontal damper
2.5.1
Bearing box
2.5.2
Bearing
2.6.1
Axle
Page 151 of 158
Trailer bogie
2.7
Axle gearbox
2.8
Axle box temperature device
2.9
INDUSI-magnet
2.10
Mechanical interface with bodyshell (set)
2.11
Pneumatic equipment on bogie (set)
2.12
Speed sensor
2.13
Brake equipment on the bogie (set)
2.14
Earthing contacts
3.1
Bogie frame
3.2
Carrier
3.4
3.5
3.6
Auxiliary elements on the bogie
Wheel disk
2.6.3
Brake disk
3.2.1
Steering rod
3.3.1
Damper
3.3.2
Helical spring
3.4.1
Air spring
3.4.2
Pneumatic components for secondary 1

suspension (set)
3.4.3
Vertical damper
3.4.4
Horizontal damper
3.5.1
Bearing box
3.5.2
Bearing
3.6.1
Axle
3.6.2
Wheel disk
3.6.3
Brake disk
4.1.1
Sanding trap
4.1.2
Sanding pipe and nozzles
4.2.1
Tank
4.2.2
Pump
4.2.3
Magnetic valve
4.2.4
Turbolub distributer
4.2.5
Nozzle
3.3
2.6.2
Primary suspension
Secondary suspension
Bearing assembly
Wheel set
3.7
Axle box temperature device
3.8
Mechanical interface with bodyshell (set)
3.9
Pneumatic equipment on bogie (set)
3.10
Speed sensor
3.11
Brake equipment on the bogie (set)
3.12
Earthing contacts
4.1
Sanding device
4.2
Wheel flange lubrication
Page 152 of 158
Door
Draw and buffer gear
Articulation
Passenger door
5.1.1
Drive/motor unit
5.1.2
Roller swing arm, right
5.1.3
Roller swing arm, left
5.1.4
Emergency egress device (inside)
5.1.5
Bowden cable, emergency egress device

(inside)
5.1.6
Emergency egress device (outside)
5.1.7
Bowden cable, emergency egress device

(outside)
5.1.8
Doorleaf, right
5.1.9
Doorleaf, left
5.1.10
Lock box
5.1.11
Light barrier
5.1.12
Control unit
6.1.1
Coupler head
6.1.2
Uncouple device
6.1.3
Air coupler for main air pipe coupler
6.1.4
Air coupler for uncouple device pipe
6.1.5
Electrical coupler operation device
6.1.6
Coupling rod
6.1.7
Bearing block
6.1.8
Electrical coupler
6.1.9
Covering
6.1.10
Center position
6.1.11
Supplies
6.1.12
Earthing
6.1.13
Coupler head, electrical part
6.2.1
Special bearing for articulation
6.2.2
Coupling fork
6.2.3
Guide rod support
7.4.1
Bellows
7.4.2
Bellows frame
7.4.2
Step board
5.2
Internal door
5.3
External cab door
5.4
Sliding door driver's cab
6.1
Automatic coupler
6.2
Control unit
1
5.1
4.2.6
Coupling link
1
7.1
Articulated damper, rolling
7.2
Articulated damper, pitching
7.3
Articulated damper, yawing
7.4
Intercommunicating gangway
Page 153 of 158
Electrical equipment
1
8.1
8.2
10
11
Pneumatic and braking system
Lighting system
Fittings
Traction
Auxiliary electrical energy
8.1.1
Propulsion inverter boxes
8.1.2
Electric traction motor
8.1.3
Speed sensor for traction control
8.1.4
Traction control unit
8.1.5
Rheostatic breaking resistors
8.2.1
LV and MV contactors, relay contactors,

fuses, automatic circuit breaker
8.2.2
Battery
8.2.3
Auxiliary static converter with battery

charger
10.3.1
White lights
10.3.2
Red lights
10.3.3
Green lights
10.3.4
Central lights
11.1.1
Passenger seat
11.1.2
Foldable seat
11.1.3
Manual curtain
18
11.1.4
Dresshanger (set)
11.1.5
Luggage rack
11.1.6
Hand rails (set)
11.1.7
Litter box
11.1.8
Ticket vending machine
11.1.9
Fire extinguisher
11.2.1
Driver seat (adjustable)
11.2.2
Sunshad curtain
1
9.1
Brake control device
9.2
Direct brake control device
9.3
Electronic control unit
9.4
Signalling repetition plate
9.5
Antiskid redounded (1 per axe)
9.6
Pneumatic group
9.7
Brake devices group
9.8
Motor
bogie
reservoir
secondary
suspension
9.9
Trailer
bogie
reservoir
secondary
suspension
9.10
Passenger alarm brake
10.1
Compartment lights
10.2
Driving cab lights
10.3
External lights
1
11.1
11.2
Compartment fittings
Driving cab fittings
1
61
Page 154 of 158
12
Automatic fire extinguishing
13
Driving cab air conditioning
14
Compart air conditioning
Tachograph device
16
Dead man device
17
Driver's desk
Service functions
Ventilation
13.2
Cooling
13.3
Heating
14.1
Ventilation
14.2
Cooling
14.3
Heating
14.4
Heaters
45
17.1
Light rack
17.2
Instruments rack
17.3
Video surveillance monitor
17.4
Console
17.5
Radio equipment
17.6
ATP equipment
18.1
Passenger information system
15
18
13.1
18.2
19
Washing and wiper system
20
Command & control/diagnostic

system
Video surveillance system
18.1.1
Loudspeaker
18.1.2
Controller
18.1.3
Cab Control Unit
18.1.4
Emergency speech unit
18.1.5
Internal information display
18.1.6
External side display
18.1.7
Handset
18.2.1
External cam
18.2.2
Internal cam
18.2.3
Video monitor
20.1
Command & control/diagnostic
20.2
Input/output remoted device
20.3
Diagnostic monitor
20.4
Instruments monitor
20.5
TCN knot
Page 155 of 158
The following is an example of representation of the Breakdown Structure using a

tree diagram for a EMU (Electrical Multiple Unit) Coach.
Fig. 9 Example of structure using the tree breakdown chart for an EMU
(Electrical Multiple Unit) Coach
TREE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

ROLLING STOCK: EMU COACH
Doc. N.
Date
Drawn up by
Page n/N
File name
Code
1
L1 - System
Carbody
Door
Pneumatic and braking system
Lighting system
Fittings
Qty Code
L2 - Sub-system or LRU
Qty Code
L3 - LRU
Qty
1
1.1
Heat insulation
1.2
Side window, passenger room
1.3
Floor
1.4
Side wall, panelling
1.5
Roof
1.6
Underframe
2.1
Passenger Door
10
2.2
Ramp
3.1
Production/treatment air group
3.2
Brake devices group
3.3
Passenger alarm brake
3.4
Main reservoir
4.1
Compartment lights
5.1
Compartment fittings
2.1.1
Drive/motor unit
2.1.2
Roller swing arm, right
2.1.3
Roller swing arm, left
2.1.4
Emergency egress device (inside)
2.1.5
Bowden cable, emergency egress device (inside)
2.1.6
Emergency egress device (outside)
2.1.7
Bowden cable, emergency egress device (outside)
2.1.8
Doorleaf, right
2.1.9
Doorleaf, left
2.1.10
Lock box
2.1.11
Light barrier
2.1.12
Control unit
Page 156 of 158
Automatic fire extinguishing
Compart air conditioning
Service functions
7.1
Ventilation
7.2
Cooling
7.3
Heating
7.4
Heaters
45
8.1
Passenger information system
10
Toilet
Electrical equipment
Passenger seat
37
5.1.2
Foldable seat
12
5.1.3
Manual curtain
12
5.1.4
Dresshanger (set)
5.1.5
Luggage rack (set)
5.1.6
Hand rails (set)
5.1.7
Litter box
5.1.8
Fire extinguisher
8.1.1
Loudspeaker
8.1.2
Emergency speech unit
8.1.3
Internal information display
8.1.4
External side display
8.2.1
External cam
8.2.2
Internal cam
10.1.1
LV and MV contactors, relay contactors, fuses, automatic

circuit breaker
8.2
5.1.1
Video surveillance system
1
10
1
9.1
Vacuum flush toilet system
9.2
Water level sensor (Max and Min)
9.3
Command button
9.4
Photoelectric sensor
9.5
Double contact lighting button
9.6
Piezoresistive sensor
9.7
Contact probe for liquid level contouring
9.8
Electropneumatic valve for water
9.9
Boiler
9.10
HK toilet door electronic control unit
9.11
White and black water tank
9.12
HK wash-basin electronic control unit
9.13
Interface bus train electronic control unit
9.14
HK interiors
9.15
Complete door lock
9.16
HK automatic door
9.17
Electric towel
9.18
WC autocleaning system
10.1
Auxiliary electrical energy
Page 157 of 158
Page 158 of 158

ApplGuide For EN50126 - May 02 For SC9XB

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CENELEC TC9-SC9XB

WORKING GROUP B11

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

WORKING GROUP B11

Application Guide for EN 50126

FIG. 6 RAM PROGRAMME AND LIFE CYCLE PHASES 136..............................................................90

EN50126 IS LIKELY TO ENHANCE THE GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE ISSUES INVOLVED

Application Guide for EN 50126

THIS DOCUMENT IS ADDRESSED TO CUSTOMERS/OPERATORS AND SUPPLIERS OF ROLLING

TO ENABLE A CUSTOMER/OPERATOR OF ROLLING STOCK.....................................................92

TO SPECIFY THE RAM REQUIREMENTS ADDRESSING THE TYPE OF OPERATION IN TERMS OF

TO ENABLE THE SUPPLIER OF ROLLING STOCK........................................................................92

TO PROVIDE SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION/VISIBILITY IN A TENDER TO SHOW THAT THE

Application Guide for EN 50126

ANY OTHER DEFINITION NECESSARY WILL BE EXPLAINED AND INTRODUCED IN THIS

APPLICATION OF THIS GUIDE..........................................................................................................94

THIS DOCUMENT IS APPLICABLE TO ROLLING STOCK (TRAIN, COACH, LOCOMOTIVE, ETC)

Application Guide for EN 50126

REFERRING TO THE ITEM 1.2 OF EN 50126, THE GUIDE IS APPLICABLE TO:.............................94

Application Guide for EN 50126

1 THE SCOPE OF EACH REQUIREMENT...........................................................................................96

SPECIFYING RAM REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................97

THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECTION IS TO ESTABLISH THE PROCESS TO DEFINE RAM

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS FOR A ROLLING STOCK IS MADE IN ORDER TO GAIN

Application Guide for EN 50126

TIME DURING WHICH TRACTION IS ACTIVATED..............................................................................98

Application Guide for EN 50126

INDICATIVE MAINTENANCE PLAN (I.E. MINIMUM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE INTERVAL,

SETTING UP A STRUCTURE, A DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT STARTING FROM

Application Guide for EN 50126

EVERY STRUCTURE MUST BE PRESENTED TOGETHER WITH A SET OF DRAWINGS,

Application Guide for EN 50126

AMOUNT OF THE ITEM UNDER CONSIDERATION IN THE HIGHER LEVEL ITEM........................101

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

TABLE 2: SIGNIFICANT FAILURE SPECIFICATION.........................................................................103

Application Guide for EN 50126

SPECIFY MODE OF COUNTING DELAY...........................................................................................104

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................108

Application Guide for EN 50126

Application Guide for EN 50126

GENERIC QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS (ACCESSIBILITY, DISMOUNTING, HANDINESS,

THE QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS OF MAINTAINABILITY SHOULD CONSIDER AT LEAST THE

Application Guide for EN 50126

EVERY PIECE OF EQUIPMENT, DEVICE AND ITEM OF FURNISHING SUBJECT TO DISMANTLING

Application Guide for EN 50126

THE PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS CAN BE OF TWO TYPES:. 111

Application Guide for EN 50126

MAXIMUM ALLOWED TIME FOR DETECT/ISOLATE/REPLACING FAULTY ITEMS......................111

TYPICAL LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS CAN BE:.............................................................111

Application Guide for EN 50126

THE MAINTENANCE COST CONSTRAINTS CAN BE EXPRESSED IN DIFFERENT WAYS...........112

Application Guide for EN 50126