Placental Problems placenta accreta one abnormally adherent to the myometrium, with partial or complete absence of the decidua

basalis battledore placenta one with the umbilical cord inserted at the edge. placenta circumvallata one encircled with a dense, raised, white nodular ring, the attached membranes being doubled back over the edge of the placenta. placenta succenturiata an accessory portion with an artery and a vein connecting it with the main placenta. Anomalies of the cord Vasa praevia (vasa previa AE) is an obstetric complication defined as "fetal vessels crossing or running in close proximity to the inner cervical os. These vessels course within the membranes (unsupported by the umbilical cord or placental tissue) and are at risk of rupture when the supporting membranes rupture. "A two-vessel umbilical cord (or single umbilical artery) is a perinatal finding that may be detected in infants with congenital or chromosomal abnormalities. Its presence has been associated with an increased risk of genitourinary defects. The urologic anomalies that typically are associated with a two-vessel cord often are minor and self-limiting. These defects usually can be detected perinatally in routine prenatal screening ultrasonographic examinations. The neonatal physical examination, an additional postnatal ultrasonography, and possibly a voiding cystourethrogram will be sufficient to complete the screening for genitourinary abnormalities in children with a single umbilical artery. Infants with two-vessel umbilical cords do not require additional screening for genitourinary defects, unless the imaging or amniocentesis detects a genitourinary abnormality. This review details the history of two-vessel cords and the associated genitourinary anomalies." Velamentous cord insertion is an abnormal condition during pregnancy. Normally, the umbilical cord inserts into the middle of the placenta as it develops. In velamentous cord insertion, the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes (choriamniotic membranes), then travels within the membranes to the placenta (between the amnion and the chorion). The exposed vessels are not protected by Wharton's jelly and hence are vulnerable to rupture. Rupture is especially likely if the vessels are near the cervix, in which case they may rupture in early labor, likely resulting in a stillbirth. This is a serious condition called vasa previa. Not every pregnancy with a velamentous cord insertion results in vasa previa, only those in which the blood vessels are near the cervix. When a velamentous cord insertion is discovered, the obstetrician will monitor the pregnancy closely for the presence of vasa previa. If the blood vessels are near the cervix, the baby will be delivered via cesarean section as early as 35 weeks to prevent the mom from going into labor, which will likely kill the baby. Early detection can reduce the need for emergency cesarean sections.