Coursework.

PART ONE

1. Outline the nature and purpose of the League of German Maidens.

(7)

2. Explain the reasons for the Nazi use of propaganda. (8)

3. ‘Controlling the young was the most important way of pacifying

Germans under Nazi rule.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer
(10)

PART TWO
 1. Study sources A and B. Which would be more useful to a historian
explaining the causes of the Holocaust? (7)

2. Study source C. To what extent does it reveal the extent to which

Nazi party members took responsibility for their actions? (6)

3. Study sources A, B and C. If Hitler was being put on trial, which of

these sources would be most useful as evidence? Explain your
reasoning. (9)

4. Study sources C and D. Which source is more reliable? Explain. (7)

5. Study sources E and F. How far does source F prove source E is a

lie? (8)

6. Study sources H and I. Which source is more useful to a historian

studying the way Jews were treated in Nazi Germany? (7)

7. Study all the sources. ‘The only reason the holocaust happened
was because people were afraid of not obeying Hitler.’ Do you
agree? Explain your answer (10)

Source A
Speech by Adolf Hitler, January 31, 1939.
Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals -
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol XIII, p. 131:
Today I will once more be a prophet: If the international Jewish financiers
in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more
into a world war, then the result will not be the bolshevization of the
earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race
in Europe!
______________________________________________________________________________

Source B

Message from SS-GrupenfŸhrer Heydrich to all State Police Main Offices

and Field Offices, November 10 1938 (before Kristallnacht, the "night of
broken glass," the first large scale pogrom against the Jews).
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1946,
Vol. III, p. 545-547.
Regards: Measures against Jews tonight.
.
.
.
a) Only such measures may be taken which do not jeopardize German life
or property (for instance, burning of synagogues only if there is no danger
of fires for the neighbourhoods).
b) Business establishments and homes of Jews may be destroyed but not
looted. The police have been instructed to supervise the execution of
these directives and to arrest looters.
c) In Business streets special care is to be taken that non-Jewish
establishments will be safeguarded at all cost against damage.
.
.
.
As soon as the events of this night permit the use of the designated
officers, as many Jews, particularly wealthy ones, as the local jails will
hold, are to be arrested in all districts. Initially only healthy male Jews, not
too old, are to be arrested. After the arrests have been carried out the
appropriate concentration camp is to be contacted immediately with a
view to a quick transfer of the Jews to the camps....

_______________________________________________________________________________

Source C

From the statement of Hans Stark, registrar of new arrivals, Auschwitz.

Quoted in "'The Good Old Days'" - E. Klee, W. Dressen, V. Riess, The Free
Press, NY, 1988, p. 255:
At another, later gassing--also in autumn 1941--Grabner* ordered me to
pour Zyklon B into the opening because only one medical orderly had
shown up. During a gassing Zyklon B had to be poured through both
openings of the gas-chamber room at the same time. This gassing was
also a transport of 200-250 Jews, once again men, women and children. As
the Zyklon B--as already mentioned--was in granular form, it trickled down
over the people as it was being poured in. They then started to cry out
terribly for they now knew what was happening to them. I did not look
through the opening because it had to be closed as soon as the Zyklon B
had been poured in. After a few minutes there was silence. After some
time had passed, it may have been ten to fifteen minutes, the gas
chamber was opened. The dead lay higgledy-piggedly all over the place. It
was a dreadful sight.
* Maximillian Grabner, Head of Political Department, Auschwitz

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Source D

Life in the Warsaw Ghetto, Emanuel Ringelblum quoted in Yad Vashem

Documents on the Holocaust, pp 228-229:

Smuggling began at the very moment that the Jewish area of residence
was established; its inhabitants were forced to live on 180 grams of bread
a day, 220 grams of sugar a month, 1 kg. of jam and 1 kg. of honey, etc. It
was calculated that the officially supplied rations did not cover even 10
percent of the normal requirements. If one had wanted really to restrict
oneself to the official rations then the entire population of the ghetto
would have had to die of hunger in a very short time....
The German authorities did everything to seal off the ghetto hermetically
and not to allow in a single gram of food. A wall was put up around the
ghetto on all sides that did not leave a single millimeter of open space....
They fixed barbed wire and broken glass to the top of the wall. When that
failed to help, the Judenrat was ordered to make the wall higher, at the
expense of the Jews, of course....
Several kinds of guards were appointed for the walls and the passages
through them; the categories of guards were constantly being changed
and their numbers increased. The walls were guarded by the gendarmerie
together with the Polish police; at the ghetto wall there were gendarmerie
post, Polish police and Jewish police...The victims of the smuggling were
mainly Jews, but they were not lacking either among the Aryans (Poles).
Auerswald, too, employed sharply repressive measures to stop the
smuggling. Several times smugglers were shot at the central lock-up on
Gesiowka Street. Once there was a veritable slaughter (100 persons were
shot near Warsaw). Among the Jewish victims of the smuggling there were
tens of Jewish children between 5 and 6 years old, whom the German
killers shot in great numbers near the passages and at the walls....
And despite that, without paying attention to the victims, the smuggling
never stopped for a moment. When the street was still slippery with the
blood that had been spilled, other smugglers already set out, as soon as
the "candles" had signaled that the way was clear, to carry on with the
work....
________________________________________________________________________________

Source E

...the greater the number of Jews liquidated, the more consolidated will
the situation in Europe be after this war.
Joseph Goebbels,
March 6, 1942

__________________________________________________________________________________

Source F

I am very familiar with the Goebbels diaries... There is no explicit

reference either implicit in these documents or legible in these
documents to liquidation of Jews.
David Irving,
April 22, 1988

_________________________________________________________________________________

Source G
Propaganda Poster:“He (the Jew) is responsible for the war.”
From FHM Photo Archives.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Source H
Picture (Joanna Duncan) Berlin Holocaust Museum

_________________________________________________________________________________

Source I
________________________________________________________________________________

Source J
Shema by Primo Levi (1975)
You who live secure
In your warm houses
Who return at evening to find
Hot food and friendly faces:
Consider whether this is a man,
Who labours in the mud
Who knows no peace
Who fights for a crust of bread
Who dies at a yes or a no.
Consider whether this is a woman,
Without hair or name
With no more strength to remember
Eyes empty and womb cold
As a frog in winter.
Consider that this has been:
I commend these words to you.
Engrave them on your hearts
When you are in your house, when you walk on your way,
When you go to bed, when you rise.
Repeat them to your children.
Or may your house crumble,
Disease render you powerless,
Your offspring avert their faces from you.

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http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/RESOURCE/document/document.htm# (A-D)
http://www.holocaust-history.org/pamphlets/irving/pamphlet.shtm (E-F)
http://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/assets/room1/17407.jpg (G)
Photo taken Oct 2007 in Berlin Museum (I)
http://shalomrav.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/holocaust2.jpg (J)