HT Motor Rotor

An induction motor (IM) is a type of asynchronous HT motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by means of electromagnetic induction. Other commonly used name is squirrel cage motor due to the fact that the rotor bars with short circuit rings resemble a squirrel cage (hamster wheel).

HT Stator

A stator is an motor needed to turn over the engine to start it. A stator consists of the very powerful H.T. motor and stator solenoid that is attached to the motor (see the picture). A stator motor requires very high current to crank the engine, that's why it's connected to the battery with large cables

HT Stator Coils

We offer high quality Stator Coils that are used for AC motors and generators. We also provide services related to the functioning of these coils. The technical specifications of our Stator Coils are specified below: * Available with voltage range between 220V to 13800V * With F, H & VPI class insulation. * Rewind kits can include winding slot liners, fillers, surge rope, blocking, wedges and lead cables. * Quick quoting and turnaround time.
HV three phase induction motors (frame size 355-630) & HV wound-rotor three phase induction motors (frame size 355-630) are produced combing with the design and manufacture experience of long-term and steady producing high voltage motors. These motors are adopted new technique, material and technology. With the material chosen exquisitely and the products excellent workmanship, such motors are engineered with many remarkable features such as high efficiency, energy saving, low noise, small vibration,lightweight, reliable performance, easy mounting and maintenance etc. These motors conform to International Standard IEC34. The machining size and tolerance of all parts conform to the corresponding international standards. For these motors, the protection degree on enclosures is IP23, IP44 and IP54, IP55, cooling form is ICOI, IC611 and IC81 W etc. and mounting arrangement is IMB3. The motors with other corresponding protection degree, cooling fan and mounting arrangement can also be supplied on customers' requirement. These motors with tropical humidity type (TH type), tropical arid type (TA type), outdoor type (W type), outdoor neutral chemical corrosion resistance type (WFI type) and outdoor tropical humidity type (WTH type) are also available. These motors can be used to drive various general-purpose machines, such as compressors, water pumps, crushers, cutting lathes, conveyors and other mechanical equipments installed in mine, mechanical industries, petrochemical

industries ,power plant , air-blowers, coalgrinders, rolling mills, hoisters and belt conveyors etc. and can be used as drivers

What is excitation current or magnetising current in Transformer? Answer: The no load primary current provided to the transformer is called magnetising current or excitation current. This current is used to produce the flux in the transformer core and overcome the no load losses (core losses) of the transformer. This excitation current will be of the range from 2 to 5 percent of the rated full load primary current. Why power factor of the transformer under no load is very low? Answer: During no load condition of transformer, the excitation or magnetizing current flow in the primary winding of the transformer. This excitation current is made up of large component of magnetizing component of current (Im) which is in quadrature with the applied voltage and comparatively small in phase component of current (Ie) which is in phase with the applied voltage. Thus due to large magnetizing component, power factor of the transformer will be very low. Power factor will be usually 0.1 to 0.2 lag. What is the relation between applied voltage and emf induced with respect to flux wave? Answer: Under no load condition and considering no losses y Induced emf in both primary and secondary lags behind the main flux by 90o. y Applied voltage to primary winding leads the main flux by 90o and is in phase opposition with the induced emf in the primary winding (V1= -e1) y Secondary voltage V2=e2 as there is no voltage drop in the secondary. y What are the different losses of Transformer?
y y

Answer: Transformer has two types of losses 1. Iron losses 2. Copper losses Iron losses or core losses: Iron losses are the no load losses in transformer. This losses remain unchanged at any load of the transformer. Iron losses are categorized as Hysteresis loss and Eddy current loss. Copper loss: This loss is due to the I2R loss in the windings of the transformer. This is a variable loss varies with the load on the transformer. Other losses include stray load losses and dielectric losses. If supply frequency f transformer is made double keeping voltage unchanged what happens? Answer: Hysteresis loss will decrease and eddy current loss remains unchanged. Why Transformer in KVA? Answer actually rating of the machine # 1 (kva or kw) depends upon the

y y y

power factor since the load power factor to which transformer is supplying power is not known , it may be capacitive ,inductive , or resistive that is why its rating is in kva and not in kw

variable-frequency drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a system for controlling the rotational speed of an alternating current (AC) electric motor by controlling the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the motor.[1][2][3] A variable frequency drive is a specific type ofadjustable-speed drive. Variable-frequency drives are also known as adjustable-frequency drives (AFD), variable-speed drives (VSD), AC drives, microdrives or inverter drives. Variable-frequency drives are used in a wide number of applications to control pumps, fans, hoists, conveyors, and other machinery.

Operation
When a VFD starts a motor, it initially applies a low frequency and voltage to the motor. The starting frequency is typically 2 Hz or less. Thus starting at such a low frequency avoids the high inrush current that occurs when a motor is started by simply applying the utility (mains) voltage by turning on a switch. After the start of the VFD, the applied frequency and voltage are increased at a controlled rate or ramped up to accelerate the load without drawing excessive current. This starting method typically allows a motor to develop 150% of its rated torque while the VFD is drawing less than 50% of its rated current from the mains in the low speed range. A VFD can be adjusted to produce a steady 150% starting torque from standstill right up to full speed.[30] Note, however, that cooling of the motor is usually not good in the low speed range. Thus running at low speeds even with rated torque for long periods is not possible due to overheating of the motor. If continuous operation with high torque is required in low speeds an external fan is usually needed. The manufacturer of the motor and/or the VFD should specify the cooling requirements for this mode of operation.

In principle, the current on the motor side is in direct proportion to the torque that is generated and the voltage on the motor is in direct proportion of the actual speed, while on the network side, the voltage is constant, thus the current on line side is in direct proportion of the power drawn by the motor, that is U.I or C.N where C is torque and N the speed of the motor (we shall consider losses as well, neglected in this explanation).
What is a VFD?
By: Dave Polka

You can divide the world of electronic motor drives into two categories: AC and DC. A motor drive controls the speed, torque, direction and resulting horsepower of a motor. A DC drive typically controls a shunt wound DC motor, which has separate armature and field circuits. AC drives control AC induction motors, and-like their DC counterparts-control speed, torque, and horsepower. Application As An Example Let's take a brief look at a drive application. In Fig. 1, you can see a simple application with a fixed speed fan using a motor starter. You could replace the 3phase motor starter with Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) to operate the fan at variable speed. Since you can operate the fan at any speed below its maximum, you can vary airflow by controlling the motor speed instead of the air outlet damper.

Figure 1, Fixed Speed Fan Application A drive can control two main elements of a 3-phase induction motor: speed and torque. To understand how a drive controls these two elements, we will take a short review of AC induction motors. Fig. 2 shows the construction of an induction motor. The two basic parts of the motor, the rotor and stator, work through magnetic interaction. A motor contains pole pairs. These are iron pieces in the stator, wound in a specific pattern to provide a north to south magnetic field.

Figure 2, Basic Induction Motor Construction

Figure 3, Operating Principles of Induction Motor With one pole pair isolated in a motor, the rotor (shaft) rotates at a specific speed: the base speed. The number of poles and the frequency applied determine this speed (Fig. 4). This formula includes an effect called "slip." Slip is the difference between the rotor speed and the rotating magnetic field in the stator. When a magnetic field passes through the conductors of the rotor, the rotor takes on magnetic fields of its own. These rotor magnetic fields will try to catch up to the rotating fields of the stator. However, it never does -- this difference is slip. Think of slip as the distance between the greyhounds and the hare they are chasing

around the track. As long as they don't catch up to the hare, they will continue to revolve around the track. Slip is what allows a motor to turn. Motor Slip: 120 X F - Slip P Slip for NEMA B Motor = 3 to 5% of Base Speed which is 1800 RPM at Full Load F = Frequency applied to the motor P = Number of motor poles Example: 120 X 60 Shaft Speed = Hz - Slip 4 Figure 4, Induction Motor Slip Calculation Shaft Speed =

We can conveniently adjust the speed of a motor by changing the frequency applied to the motor. You could adjust motor speed by adjusting the number of poles, but this is a physical change to the motor. It would require rewinding, and result in a step change to the speed. So, for convenience, cost-efficiency, and precision, we change the frequency. Fig. 5 shows the torque-developing characteristic of every motor: the Volts per Hertz ratio (V/Hz). We change this ratio to change motor torque. An induction motor connected to a 460V, 60 Hz source has a ratio of 7.67. As long as this ratio stays in proportion, the motor will develop rated torque. A drive provides many different frequency outputs. At any given frequency output of the drive, you get a new torque curve.

Figure 5, Volts/Hertz Ratio