Welcome to styles of art.

The styles of art you will be learning about are Surrealism, Pop Art, Impressionism, & Cubism. Styles are a way famous artists painted. The styles name usually has a word that helps explain the style, like Surrealism maybe it has to do with something real or something unreal. Pop Art sounds like the word Popular Art. Impressionism could have something to do with impression when they made a painting. Cubism probably has something to do with cubes or shapes. You will learn what the styles are, who paints that style, and interesting facts about that specific style of art. Surrealism Can you imagine being painted in a picture being oddly changed around to look like an optical illusion or dream like by Salvador Dali or Rene Magritte? You will learn about objects that have been oddly changed mysterious objects, and optical illusions. When you read about Surrealism you will see examples of the painters that drew the style of art, and the paintings drawn in that style. Pop Art Try being really popular in the 1950's getting painted by a famous artist like Andy Warhol. Well that is what the painters did in this style of art. You learn about the different painters and their tenquies they used to draw their paintings. You will also learn about how Pop Art started, and what the people called it before Pop Art. Impressionism Imagine being painted by what an artist was feeling like Vincent Van Gogh or Claude Monet. You could have been any color like blue, green, or purple. You will learn about Impressionism and Post-Impressionism differences, and about each of them. You will find out who painted pictures, and what the pictures are called. Cubism Have you ever tried being painted in the 1920's broken down into shapes by Pablo Picasso or George Braque? Not just one shape, but many different shapes, or maybe look like 2 faces. You will learn on how Cubism was created, who created it, and about the artists paintings. You will also learn about what Cubism is. Beginning with the late -18th to the mid -19th century, new Romantic attitude begun to characterize culture and many art works in Western civilization. It started as an artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized a revulsion against established values (social order and religion). Romanticism exalted individualism, subjectivism, irrationalism, imagination, emotions and nature - emotion Art History: Romanticism: (1800 - 1850) The Romantic Movement spread from art into literature and philosophy. It emphasized emotional, spontaneous and imaginative approaches. In the visual arts, Romanticism came to signify the departure from classical forms and an emphasis on emotional and spiritual themes. Caused by the sudden social changes that occurred during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era, Romanticism was formed as a revolt against Neoclassicism and its emphasis on order, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality. Romanticism began in Germany and England in the 1770s, and had spread throughout Europe by the 1820s. Not long after, its influence had spread overseas to the United States. The movement focused on imagination, emotion, and freedom by way of subjectivity and individualism. Artists believed in spontaneity, freedom from boundaries and rules, and living a solitary life free from societal boundaries. Romantic artists believed that imagination was superior to reason and beauty. They loved and worshipped nature and were dedicated to examining human personality and moods. Romantics were inherently curious, investigating folk cultures, ethnic origins, the medieval era. They admired the genius and the hero, focusing on ones passion and inner struggle. Romantics also were interested in anything exotic, mysterious, remote, occult, and satanic. As a movement that began as an artistic and intellectual movement that rejected the traditional values of social structure and religion, it encouraged individualism, emotions, and nature. Artists held personal spirit and creativity above formal training and saw the artistic process as a transcendental journey and spiritual awakening. Romantic techniques were developed to produce associations in the mind of the viewer. These foundations of the Romantic Movement were influential in the development of Symbolism and later Expressionism and Surrealism. overreason and senses over intellect. Since they were in revolt against the orders, they favored the revival of potentially unlimited number of styles (anything that aroused them). Romantic artists were fascinated by the nature, the genius, their passions and inner struggles, their moods, mental potentials, the heroes. They investigated human nature and personality, the folk culture, the national and ethnic origins, the medieval era, the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the occult, the diseased, and even satanic. Romantic artist had a role of an ultimate egoistic creator, with the spirit above strict formal rules and traditional procedures. He had imagination as a gateway to transcendent experience and spiritual truth. The German poets and critics August Wilhelm and Friedrich Schlegel first used the term 'Romanticism' to label a wider cultural movement. For the Schlegel brothers, it was a product of Christianity. The culture of the Middle Ages created a Romantic sensibility which differed from the Classical. Christian culture dealt with a struggle between the heavenly perfection and the human experience of inadequacy and guilt. This sense of struggle, and ever-present dark forces was allegedly present in Medieval culture.

While this view partly explains Romantic fascination with the Middle Ages, the actual causes of the Romantic movement itself correspond to the sense of rapid, dynamic social change that culminated in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era. Hudson River School (1835 - 1870) Hudson River School was the first American school of landscape painting active from 1835-1870. The subjects of their art were romantic spectacles from the Hudson River Valley and upstate New York. The artist Thomas Cole is synonymous with this region and first leader of the group. Other famous artists of the group are George Caleb Bingham, Asher B. Durand, Thomas Moran, Albert Bierstadt, Frederic Edwin Church, George Inness, John Frederic Kensett, Martin Johnson Heade... As they are in literature, the hallmarks of romantic painting are nationalism and the power of individual perception. In France, J. A. Gros glorified Napoleon's victories, while in Spain, Francisco de Goya showed the horrors of war in such canvases as The Third of May, 1808 (1814). France, long dominated by the strict neoclassicism of Jacques Louis David, became the home of an impassioned school of history painting, exemplified in such powerful works as Thodore Gricault's The Raft of Medusa (1819). Gricault strongly influenced Eugne Delacroix, whose flamboyant canvases on historical and literary subjects, such as The Death of Sardanapalus (1827-28), probably best exemplify the common notion of romantic art. The absorption of romantic artists in the past and in exotic cultures is reflected in the diversity of the architectural styles of the era. There was also a great love of ruins, old or freshly made -- as in the Dsert de Retz (c.1785), a four-story French mansion constructed in the form of a single column, broken, cracked, and lush with vegetation on its fragmented top.

an art, the accurate, factual representation of people, places, and objects. Taken to the extreme, the most realistic painting is trompe l'oeil art, which intends to trick the eye into believing an object is real. In the 19th century a French literary movement, led by the novelist and social reformer mile Zola, greatly influenced art theory, claiming that naturalism challenged the conventional distinctions between high art, previously classed as beautiful, and low art, regarded as unseemly and ugly. Although the terms realism and naturalism can be interchangeable when referring to accurate representation, the term Realism also refers specifically to a mid-19th-century art movement. Naturalism, a term widely used in the nineteenth century, was employed by novelists, artists, and art critics as a synonym for realism. But, in fact, naturalism was a much more complex term. The term derived from the theory of positivism developed by the French philosopher Auguste Comte (17981857). The roots of scientific naturalism, emerging from the eighteenth century and coming to fruition in the nineteenth century, considered knowledge as a pure science that was to be reinforced by a clear understanding of the laws of nature and an objective observation of facts. In the last half of the nineteenth century writers, primarily novelists, subscribed to this innovative positivist view of the world around them. In the course of the nineteenth century the philosopher Hippolyte Taine applied scientific methods to the study of art and literature. From 1864 to 1884, as a professor at the influential cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, Taine taught students that the character and development of visual culture were determined by two qualities: race and the environment in which art was created. Taine presented the foundation for an evolutionary approach toward human nature and the importance of family genes in determining the ways in which people reacted. Similarly, this author's advocacy of studying the locale or place in which an individual was brought up emphasized societal implications in shaping an individual. Taine's widely read book The Philosophy of Art conveyed his beliefs to a broad audience. Taine's ideas also provided a scientific method for historians that allowed them to understand the past and even predict the future since it was based on immutable historic laws. His approach contributed a foundation upon which contemporary thinkers could build literary and artistic examples of works that were meant to reflect their own era through a factual reconstruction of the "spirit of the time." This need to be "of one's own time" affected writers and visual artists until the end of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.

Cubism is the most radical, innovative, and influential ism of twentieth-century art. It is complete denial of Classical conception of beauty. Cubism was the joint invention of two men, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Their achievement was built the foundation of Picasso's early work then developed to a Synthetic Cubism. As the various phases of Cubism emerged from their studios, it became clear to the art world that something of great significance was happening. The radical innovations of the new style confused the public, but the avant-garde saw in them the future of art and new challenge. Proportions, organic integrity and continuity of life samples and material objects are abandoned. Canvas resembles "a field of broken glass" as one vicious critic noted. This geometrically analytical approach to form and color, and shattering of object in focus into geometrical sharp-edged angular pieces baptized the movement into 'Cubism'. A close look reveals very methodical destruction or rather deconstruction into angular 3-dymensional shaded facets, some of which are caving others convex. Cubism distrusts "whole" images perceived by the retina, considers them artificial and conventional, based on the influence of past art. It rejects these images and recognizes that perspective space is an illusory, rational invention, or a sign system inherited from works of art since the Renaissance. Instead of an image of external world we are given a world of its own, analogous to nature but built along different principles. Cubism

seeks to reproduce different perspectives or forms simultaneously, as they might be seen by the mind's eye. It attempts to mimic the mind's power to abstract and synthesize its different impressions of the world into new 'wholes'. Among numerous responses on these Cubistic challenges some artists put these innovations into the service of a less radical art, or at the other end of the spectrum was the radical painting of Robert Delaunay who attempted to take an antisocial Analytic Cubism into a wholly different direction. Among other twentieth century's isms emerged as responses on challenge of Cubism were Futurism, Suprematism, Constructivism, Rayonism, Abstraction, and Precisionism. ArtLex Art Dictionary - Cubism Cubism or cubism - One of the most influential art movements (1907-1914) of the twentieth century, Cubism was begun by Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1882-1973) and Georges Braque (French, 1882-1963) in 1907. WebMuseum, Paris - Cubism An early 20th-century school of painting and sculpture in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms without realistic detail, stressing abstract form at the expense of other pictorial elements largely by use of intersecting often transparent cubes and cones. WebMuseum Paris: Gris, Juan Juan Gris was the Third Musketeer of Cubism, and actually pushed Cubism further to its logical conclusion until his ultimely death in 1927 at the age of 39. His pictures are a joy to look at! Texas A&M University - Picasso Online Picasso project - Large library of Picasso's works WebMuseum, Paris - Picasso and Cubism The art of painting original arrangements composed of elements taken from conceived rather than perceived reality. Rollins College - Cubism Cubism (a name suggested by Henri Matisse in 1909) is a non-objective approach to painting developed originally in France by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque around 1906... Mark Harden's Artchive- Pablo Picasso "Yet Cubism and Modern art weren't either scientific or intellectual; they were visual and came from the eye and mind of one of the greatest geniuses in art history... It was an artistic movement that brought together artists, thinkers and researchers in hunt of sense of expression of the unconscious. They were searching for the definition of new aesthetic, new humankind and a new social order. Surrealists had their forerunners in Italian Metaphysical Painters (Giorgio de Chirico) in early 1910's.

As the artistic movement, Surrealism came into being after the French poet Andre Breton 1924 published the first Manifeste du surrealisme. In this book Breton suggested that rational thought was repressive to the powers of creativity and imagination and thus inimical to artistic expression. An admirer of Sigmund Freud and his concept of the subconscious, Breton felt that contact with this hidden part of the mind could produce poetic truth.

ArtLex: Surrealism or surrealist art A twentieth century avant-garde art movement that originated in the nihilistic ideas of the Dadaist and French literary figures, especially those of its founder, French writer Andr Breton (1896-1966)... Vision - The Logic of Dreams - Surrealism Imagination Surrealism, movement in visual art and literature, flourishing in Europe between World Wars I and II... www.tcf.ua.edu: MANIFESTO OF SURREALISM by Andre Breton (1924) Telecommunication and Film Department, the University of Alabama, in Tuscaloosa. - So strong is the belief in life, in what is most fragile in life real life, I mean that in the end this belief is lost... Artcyclopedia: Surrealism Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible... MadSciNet: The Surrealism Server Extensive collection including a bibliography, image gallery, surrealist games, and the Surrealist Compliment Generator. Biddington's Contemporary Art Gallery & Auctions: Surrealism. Art Words and Terms. A concise description of the 20th century visual arts and literary movement Surrealism

bway.net -Surrealism, Art of Self Discovery Art has always been an integral part of humanity's great quest for knowledge. The interchange of knowledge between artists and scientists has led to many of our most important advances... csuhayward.edu: Surrealism Small virtual gallery of artwork by a number of noted surrealist painters. Encyclopedia.com - surrealism Literary and art movement influenced by Freudianism and dedicated to the expression of imagination as revealed in dreams, free of the conscious control of reason and free of convention... Hugh Lauter Levin Associates: Dada and Surrealism Reports from the Unconscious - Out of lives disrupted by war in the first half of the century came art forms and perspectives independent of terrestrial topographies... Synopsis The Surrealist movement was founded in Paris 1924 by a small group of writers and artists who sought to channel the unconscious as a means to unlock the power of the imagination. Disdaining rationalism and literary realism, and powerfully influenced by Sigmund Freud, the Surrealists believed the conscious mind repressed the power of the imagination, weighting it down with taboos. Influenced also by Karl Marx, they hoped that the psyche had the power to reveal the contradictions in the everyday world and spur on revolution. Their emphasis on the power of the imagination puts them in the tradition of Romanticism, but unlike their forbears, they believed that revelations could be found on the street and in everyday life. The Surrealist impulse to tap the subconscious mind, and their interests in myth and primitivism, went on to shape the Abstract Expressionists, and they remain influential today. Key Ideas Surrealism has come to be seen as the most influential movement in twentieth century art. Figures like Salvador Dal and Man Ray not only had an important influence on avant-garde art, but through their commercial work - in fashion photography, advertising and film they brought the style to a huge popular audience. Following the demise of Minimalism in the 1960s, the movement's influence also returned to art, and since the 1970s it has attracted considerable attention from art historians. Surrealism was officially founded in 1924, when Andr Breton wrote Le Manifeste du Surralisme. In it, he defined Surrealism as "Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express - verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner - the actual functioning of thought." In this, he proposed that artists should seek access to their unconscious mind in order to make art inspired by this realm. Initially a literary movement, many Surrealists were ambivalent about the possibilities of painting, however, the group's leader, Andr Breton, later embraced and promoted painting. The work of Surrealist painters such as Joan Mir would be an important influence on the Abstract Expressionists in the 1940s. Beginnings Though the Surrealist movement was officially founded in 1924, the term was first coined in 1917, when Guillaume Apollinaire used it in program notes for the ballet Parade, written by Pablo Picasso, Leonide Massine, Jean Cocteau, and Erik Satie. It began as a literary group strongly allied to the Dada movement, and emerged in the wake of the collapse of the group in Paris, when Andr Breton's eagerness to bring purpose to the group clashed with Tristan Tzara's anti-authoritarianism. Breton - who is occasionally described as the 'Pope' of Surrealism - would go on to be the most important figure in the movement, the impresario whose strong leadership gave it cohesion through its many reincarnations until his death in 1966. Expressionism developed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Expressionis was opposed to academic standards that had prevailed in Europe and emphasized artist's subjective emotion, which overrides fidelity to the actual appearance of things. The subjects of expressionist works were frequently distorted, or otherwise altered. Landmarks of this movement were violent colors and exaggerated lines that helped contain intense emotional expression. Application of formal elements is vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic. Expressionist were trying to pinpoint the expression of inner experience rather than solely realistic portrayal, seeking to depict not objective reality but the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in them. The expressionistic tradition was significantly, rose to the emergence with a series of paintings of Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh from the last year and a half of his life. There was recorded his heightened emotional state. One of the earliest and most famous examples of Expressionism is Gogh's "The Starry Night." Whatever was cause, it cannot be denied that a great many artists of this period assumed that the chief function of art was to express their intense feelings to the world. The Belgian painter and printmaker James Ensor was such an artist - with his sense of isolation. The Norwegian painter and printmaker Edvard Munch dealt - with different fears. The Vienesse painters Oskar Kokoschka and Egon Schiele first started with their expressionistic styles within Klimt's circle of the Vienna Secession. Vienesse Expressionism later gained significance between years 1905 and 1918 during a politically and culturally

turbulent era of revelation of the profoundly problematic conditions of the turn-of-the-century Europe. In the years just around 1910 the expressionistic approach pioneered by Ensor, Munch, and van Gogh, in particular, was developed in the work of three artists' groups: the Fauves, Die Brucke, Der Blaue Reiter.

ArtLex: Expressionism An art movement dominant in Germany from 1905-1925, especially Die Brcke and Der Blaue Reiter, which are usually referred to as German Expressionism, anticipated by Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (Spanish, 1746-1828), Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853-1890), Paul Gauguin (French, 1848-1903) and others... Mark Harden's Artchive: Expressionism A term first used at the 1911 Fauvist and Cubist exhibition in Berlin... Oberlin College Online: Expressionism Expressionist painters of the early 20th century strove to invest the human figure and pictoral space with as much emotive content as possible. Bold contours and hues, anatomical and spatial distortions, and directness of execution are characteristic of such work. WebMuseum: Expressionism In the north of Europe, the Fauves' celebration of color was pushed to new emotional and psychological depths. Expressionism, as it was generally known, developed almost simultaneously in different countries from about 1905... artmovements.co.uk: EXPRESSIONISM A term used to denote the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect, which first surfaced in the art literature of the early twentieth century... .the-artfile.com: Expressionism - 1905 - present In the early years of the expressionism (before world war II), the artists built on the ideas of the Post-Impressionism. They went on with the same experiments and the thoughts and the ideas given by the work were more important than the realistic interpretation of the visible reality... tripod.com: German Expressionism German Expressionism rose as the theatrically horrific child of two major forces in German life in the early 20th century: Expressionist art and the loss of WWI... Artcyclopedia: Expressionism Expressionism is a style of art in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but instead to portray it in such a way as to express the inner state of the artist... Robin Urton's Eyecon Art Gallery: Expressionism Edvard Munch (Norwegian, 1863-1944) - Munch (pronounced Muenk) was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely psychological and emotional themes was a major influence on the development of German Expressionism in the early 20th century... Marc Chagall at Weinstein Gallery Marc Chagall was at odds with the century in which he lived. Despite this, Chagall's reputation is now secure as one of the most critically acclaimed and popular artists of the century... vangoghgallery.com: The Vincent van Gogh Gallery For nearly eight years now this website remains the most thorough and comprehensive Van Gogh resource on the World Wide Web. This website is endorsed by the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. WebMuseum: Gogh, Vincent van Gogh, Vincent (Willem) van (b. March 30, 1853, Zundert, Neth.--d. July 29, 1890, Auvers-sur-Oise, near Paris), generally considered the greatest Dutch painter and draughtsman after Rembrandt... WebMuseum: Schiele, Egon Austrian expressionist artist Egon Leo Adolf Schiele, b. June 12, 1890, d. Oct. 31, 1918, was at odds with art critics and society for most of his brief life... EXPRESSIONISM KEY DATES: 1905-1925 A term used to denote the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect, which first surfaced in the art literature of the early twentieth century. When applied in a stylistic sense, with reference in particular to the use of intense colour, agitated brushstrokes, and disjointed space. Rather than a single style, it was a climate that affected not only the fine arts but also dance, cinema, literature and the theatre. Expressionism is an artistic style in which the artist attempts to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in him. He accomplishes his aim through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements. In a broader sense Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal,

spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements. Unlike Impressionism, its goals were not to reproduce the impression suggested by the surrounding world, but to strongly impose the artist's own sensibility to the world's representation. The expressionist artist substitutes to the visual object reality his own image of this object, which he feels as an accurate representation of its real meaning. The search of harmony and forms is not as important as trying to achieve the highest expression intensity, both from the aesthetic point of view and according to idea and human critics. Expressionism assessed itself mostly in Germany, in 1910. As an international movement, expressionism has also been thought of as inheriting from certain medieval artforms and, more directly, Czanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh and the fauvism movement. The most well known German expressionists are Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, Lionel Feininger, George Grosz, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, August Macke, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein; the Austrian Oskar Kokoschka, the Czech Alfred Kubin and the Norvegian Edvard Munch are also related to this movement. During his stay in Germany, the Russian Kandinsky was also an expressionism addict. REPRESENTATIVE ARTISTS: Georges Rouault Franz Marc Edvard Munch Oskar Kokoschka Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Marc Chagall Egon Schiele Impressionism is a movement in French painting, sometimes called optical realism because of its almost scientific interest in the actual visual experience and effect of light and movement on appearance of objects. Impressionist motto - human eye is a marvelous instrument. Impact worldwide was lasting and huge. The name 'Impressionists' came as artists embraced the nickname a conservative critic used to ridicule the whole movement. Painting 'Impression: Sunrise' by Claude Monet fathered derogatory referral. Impressionist fascination with light and movement was at the core of their art. Exposure to light and/or movement was enough to create a justifiable and fit artistic subject out of literally anything. Impressionists learned how to transcribe directly their visual sensations of nature, unconcerned with the actual depiction of physical objects in front of them. Two ideas of Impressionists are expressed here. One is that a quickly painted oil sketch most accurately records a landscape's general appearance. The second idea that art benefits from a nave vision untainted by intellectual preconceptions was a part of both the naturalist and the realist traditions, from which their work evolved. Neo-Impressionism (after 1880) Neo-Impressionism outgrew the Impressionism. Many Impressionists in the years after 1880 began to reconsider their earlier approaches or make important adjustments to them. What many of them found objectionable in their earlier art was not its truth value but its lack of permanence. Despite the fundamental similarity of conception, later works differ from earlier works in two fundamental respects. The elements, especially the figures, are more solidly and conventionally defined, and composition is more conservative. They moved far from her early commitment to depicting only contemporary moments. This pattern of rejection and reform was originated by Georges-Pierre Seurat, who made use of a technique called pointillism (known as confettiism). This new technique is based on the skillful putting side by side touches of pure color. The brain then blends the colors automatically in the involuntary process of optical mixing. Other neo-impressionists include Camille Pissarro, Paul Signac, Theodoor van Rysselberghe, and Henry Edmond Cross.

ArtLex: Impressionism An art movement and style of painting that started in France during the 1860s. Impressionist artists tried to paint candid glimpses of their subjects showing the effects of sunlight on things at different times of day... Mark Harden's Artchive: Impressionism Photography in the nineteenth century both challenged painters to be true to nature and encouraged them to exploit aspects of the painting medium, like color, that photography lacked... Mark Harden's Artchive: The First Impressionist Exhibition, 1874 In the former studio of the photographer Nadar at 35 boulevard des Capucines, Paris, April 15, 1874, a group of artists, rejected by the juries of the Salon, offer their work for public view... WebMuseum - Impressionism The impressionist style of painting is characterized chiefly by concentration on the general impression produced by a scene or object and the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light... Artcyclopedia: Impressionism Impressionism is a light, spontaneous manner of painting which began in France as a reaction against the formalism of the dominant Academic style... ArtLex: Neo-Impressionism or neo-impressionism A movement in painting which was an outgrowth of and reaction to Impressionism...

NGA - Tour: Impressionism In April 1874 a group of artists, calling themselves "Socit Anonyme des Artistes, Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs" -- roughly "Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Engravers, Inc." -- opened an exhibition independent of the official Salon... csuhayward.edu: Impressionism If we must characterize them with one explanatory word, we would have to coin a new term: Impressionism. They are impresionists in that they render not the landscape but the sensation evoked by the landscape... Impressionism.org: Impressionism: Paintings collected by European Museums was an art exhibition co-organized by the High Museum of Art, Atlanta, the Seattle Art Museum, and the Denver Art Museum... ArtLex: Examples of artworks by American Impressionist painters Mary Cassatt (1845-1926), Julian Alden Weir (American, 1852-1919), John Henry Twachtman (1853-1902), Childe Hassam (American, 1859-1935), Frank Benson (American, 1862-1951), Albert Henry Krehbiel (American, 1873-1945), Frederick Carl Frieseke (18741939)... NGA: Auguste Renoir List of links to a rich selection of individual clean cut thumbnail images with links to full page images and sequences of detail images, plus extra info and resources at your disposal. NGA: Claude Monet List of links to a rich selection of crisp clean individual thumbnail images with links to full page images. WebMuseum: Sisley, Alfred Sisley was born in Paris of English parents. After his schooldays, his father, a merchant trading with the southern states of America, sent him to London for a business career, but finding this unpalatable, Sisley returned to Paris in 1862 with the aim of becoming an artist...

The Definition Impressionist art is a style in which the artist captures the image of an object as someone would see it if they just caught a glimpse of it. They paint the pictures with a lot of color and most of their pictures are outdoor scenes. Their pictures are very bright and vibrant. The artists like to capture their images without detail but with bold colors. Some of the greatest impressionist artists were Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot and Pierre Auguste Renoir. The Artists Manet influenced the development of impressionism. He painted everyday objects. Pissaro and Sisley painted the French countryside and river scenes. Degas enjoyed painting ballet dancers and horse races. Morisot painted women doing everyday things. Renoir loved to show the effect of sunlight on flowers and figures. Monet was interested in subtle changes in the atmosphere. This famous painting, Sunrise ,was painted by Claude Monet. He displayed it at a Paris art show and because of the patchy texture, it caused one critic to call the whole show impressionist, which gave the movement it's name. Monet had a fascination with light and that led him to not only paint this picture, but also several others showing the same effect on different objects. What is Modern Art? Thats a good question--with a tricky answer! Modern art generally includes a mix of different styles and movements of art. It refers to a time in history when artists started thinking about creating works of art in ways that were new, fresh, and different from the way art had been done before. If youre talking about the time period for modern art, its generally agreed to be the time between about the 1860s and the 1970s. Some art historians think it started closer to the end of the 19th century (the late 1800s.) Art after that time period is generally referred to as Contemporary (or sometimes Postmodern) Art. For instance, before World War 1, a field of painting called Cubism was introduced by artists like Pablo Picasso. In Cubist panting, objects are broken into fragments and reorganized into geometric shapes. Sometimes all the surfaces of the objects were shown at the same time. Picasso and many other artists were influenced by other cultures; Picasso was very influenced by African masks, which can be seen in many of his works. Other movements in modern art included Fauvism, around 1905, which comes from the French word fauve or wild beasts, and included wild, bright colors; and abstract art--a move towards painting without recognizable forms or images. Abstract paintings are

often full of jumbled swirls of colors, lines, and shapestheres no attempt to reproduce the way something actually looks. (Look at works by artists like Jackson Pollock and Joan Miro.) Many people who see paintings by certain modern artists for the first time are confused, and theyre not alone! Sometimes a new style of painting takes getting used to! People are often used to seeing pictures of things: a sailboat, a person, a plate of fruit. Much of the work done by modern artists is about experimenting and creating a mood or feeling through the painting, and in the viewer. So go with an open mind!

Terms Dadaism

Definitions cynicism and buffoonery. French for "rocking horse." stab at society because of anger at horrors of World War. not serious, but is a philosophical statement. commonplace objects exhibited as art. chance. (Marcel Duchamp) antiestablishment art. merges dream and reality into "absolute reality" or "super reality." based on S. Freud. human psyche...rational conscious battles irrational instincts of subconscious. happiness is in freeing the individual to express personal desires, not repressing reason. desert landscapes. use of drugs to add different creative perspective. (Salvador Dali) art for art's sake. the act (action painting) of painting is what's important. WWII, atomic age, social issues at this time. New York/colorfield artists influenced the movement. America recognized as leader in art world. (Jackson Pollock) response to everyone's living in urban areas. "return to rural living!" the "solution" to the depression. (Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood) popular imagery. familiar to a lot of people. little variey or uniqueness. mass-produced culture. household products. (Robert Rauschenberg, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg) phenomena in everyday life. rejecting dynamic compositional effects. preferring the most elementary arrangements. simple. distanced from traditional associations and roots. (Donald Judd) capitalized on motion. (Alexander Calder) use of natural world itself as the medium. innovation of earthworks. dig trenches in dry lake, redirect stream. (Christo and Jean-Claude Javacheff, Robert Smithson, Gutzon Borglum) (Robert Bateman) (Louis Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, Santiago Calatrava) founded by Picasso and Braque. people accepted it because they didn't want to look stupid of un-artistic. based, in part, on African tribal masks. geometric crystallization of shapes. natural forms reduced to geometric solids, cone, sphere, and the cylinder. cut up compositions and rearranged them. (Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Marcel Duchamp) (Piat Mondrian) (Kandinsky) does not attempt to represent an objective reality, but rather seeks to depict the subjective emotional response that events or objects arouse in the artist. (Pablo Picasso) intense contrasts of high-key color. violent color and bold distortions. (Henry Matisse)

Surrealism

Abstract Expressionism Regionalism

Pop Art

Minimal Art Kinetic Art Environmental Art Wildlife Art 20th Century Architecture

Cubism

The Style Abstract Art Expressionism Favism (wild beasts)