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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:-

The textile industry is a group of related industries which uses a variety of natural (cotton, wool, etc.) and/or synthetic fibres to produce fabric. It is a significant contributor to many national economies, encompassing both small and large-scale operations worldwide. Subdivision of the textile industry into its various components can be approached from several angles. According to reference, the classical method of categorizing the industry involves grouping the manufacturing plants according to the fibre being processed, that is, cotton, wool, or synthetics. The modern approach to textile industry categorization, however, involves grouping the manufacturing plants according to their particular operation.

Wool Scouring; Wool Finishing; Dry Processing; Woven Fabric Finishing; Knit Fabric Finishing; Carpet Manufacture; Stock and Yarn Dyeing and Finishing.

Traditionally, the textile industry is very energy, water, and chemical-intensive. About 60% of the energy is used by dyeing and finishing operations. Environmental problems associated with the textile industry are typically those associated with water pollution. Natural impurities extracted from the fibre being processed along with the chemicals used for processing are the two main sources of pollution. Effluents are generally hot, alkaline, strong smelling and colored by chemicals used in dyeing processes. Some of the chemicals discharged are toxic. Other environmental issues now considered equally important and relevant to the textile industry include air emissions, notably Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Facts
Textile Industry in India is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. It holds significant status in India as it provides one of the most fundamental necessities of the people. Textile industry was one of the earliest industries to come into existence in India and it accounts for more than 30% of the total exports. In fact Indian textile industry is the second largest in the world, second only to China. The Indian textile industry has a significant presence in the economy as well as in the international textile economy. Its contribution to the Indian economy is manifested in terms of its contribution to the industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. It contributes 14 percent of industrial production, 9 percent of excise collections, 18 percent of employment in the industrial sector, nearly 20 percent to the countrys total export earning and 4 percent to the Gross Domestic Product. It is closely linked with the agricultural and rural economy. It is the single largest employer in the industrial sector employing about 35 million people. If the employment in allied sectors like ginning, agriculture, pressing, cotton trade, jute, etc. are added then the total employment is estimated at 93 million. The net foreign exchange earnings in this sector are one of the highest and, together with carpet and handicrafts, account for over 37 percent of total export earnings at over US $ 10 billion. Textiles, alone, account for about 25 percent of Indias total forex earnings. Indias textile industry since its beginning continues to be predominantly cotton based with about 65 percent of fabric consumption in the country being accounted for by cotton. The industry is highly localized in Ahmedabad and Bombay in the western part of the country though other centers exist including Kanpur, Calcutta, Indore, Coimbatore, and Sholapur. The structure of the textile industry is extremely complex with the modern, sophisticated and highly mechanized mill sector on the one hand and the hand spinning and hand weaving (handloom) sector on the other. Between the two falls the small-scale power loom sector. The latter two are together known as the decentralized sector. Over the years, the government has granted a whole range of concessions to the non-mill sector as a result of which the share of the decentralized sector has increased considerably in the total production. Of the two sub-sectors of the decentralized sector, the power loom sector has shown the faster rate of growth. In the production of fabrics the decentralized sector accounts for roughly 94 percent while the mill sector has a share of only 6 percent. Being an agro-based industry the production of raw material varies from year to year depending on weather and rainfall conditions. Accordingly the price fluctuates too.