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APPENDIX 2 GENERAL CONDITIONS OF STUDY 2.1. RONA REGION Natural physical character, demographic, government

administration, spatial planning, and infrastructure of the area selected as the general picture hue region P. Lombok. By looking at the general picture, it is expected to terformasikan condition of natural resources and man-made resources to be the locus of (setting) and water resources problems in P. Lombok.
2.1.1. Natural Physical Character

Natural physical condition is an important factor in the management of water resources in addition to human factors. Aspects of the natural physical characteristics that will be presented as a general description include: location and land area, climate, physiography, geomorphology, geology, and natural resources. (1) Location and Width Area

P. Lombok is the second largest island after P. Sumbawa from the group of islands including the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). Location NTB provinis geographically positioned between 115 46 East Longitude (BT) - BT 119 5 and between 8 10 south latitude (LS) - 9 5 LU (Figure 1.1). The land area of P. Lombok is 4738.70 km , or for 23.51% of the total land area of West Nusa Tenggara Province. P. Lombok and West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of Eastern Indonesia. A strategic location, bordering directly on the west by the Strait of Lombok, Bali Province, the northern part of the Java Sea and Flores Sea, the eastern part of the Sape Strait, East Nusa Tenggara province and the southern part of the Indonesian Ocean. The

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location and area as well as its position among the other islands in eastern Indonesia, given the characteristics of climate, physiography, geology, and natural resources.

(2)

Climate

Based on the results of the study of climate in the sector study conducted jointly study the water sector, P. Lombok is climatological included in the monsoon regions are marked by changes in wind direction near the surface of about six months. The results of the same study also concluded that: 1) The main rainy season lasts between November to February as a result of winds that are wet westerner; 2) dry season occurs in June through September as a result of the wind that is dry timuran; 3) March, April, May and October are the months of transition that still allows for a highly variable rainfall. Climate sector studies further described below. In the tropics, rainfall is the climatic elements most important in P. Lombok. Apart from the monsoon winds, the topography affects the distribution of rain. There are differences in rainfall are large enough between the West and the North G. Rinjani to the lowlands in the South and East P. Lombok. P. Lombok is affected by changes or shifts in climate patterns. There is a pattern of monthly rainfall during the period November-December-Jan-February (NDJF). Rainfall patterns in the last ten years (Table 2.1) shows that rainfall tends to fall in January, while rainfall in November and February tend to rise. Temperature conditions in the P. Lombok is not much vary At around temporally, while the spatial variation (spatial) the air temperature is more determined by topographic factors (altitude).

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Selaparang, Ampenan, average temperatures range from the highest monthly 26.5 C in December-January and lowest range from 24.5 C in July-August (Table 2.2). During the last ten years recorded the tendency of the surface temperature increase on average of about 0.5 C.

Table 2.1. Monthly Rain Selaparang statsiun meteorolgi, Mataram .1998 to 2007 Yea Janua Februa Marc Apri Ma Jun Jul Au Septem Octob Novemb Decemb r ry ry h l y e y g ber er er er 105 199 8 509 199 9 168 200 0 252 200 1 126 200 2 277 200 3 233 123 103 16 2 136 177 95 173 13 212 9 133 82 14 6 47 11 0 56 26 247 385 1 6 0 1 52 437 288 126 278 122 28 5 0 277 110 93 370 284 152 34 149 186 16 145 31 5 3 22 125 98 18 0 4 15 42 399 24 56 78 96 201 373 251 43 121 311 134 148

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187 200 4 26 200 5 50 200 6 211 200 7

292

120 98 13 8

5 10 1

54

191

297

274

181

137 183

23 80 11

36

261

272

302

408

328 121 15 9

2 35 1

31

143

237

220

148

50 23 3 28 132 11 4 Source: BMG, 2008

141

284

205

Table 2.2. The average temperature statsiun meteorolgi Selaparang, Mataram, 1998-2007 Yea Janua Februa Marc Apri Ma Jun Jul Au Septem Octob Novemb Decemb r ry ry h l y e y g ber er er er 27.8 199 8 26.8 199 9 26.8 200 0 26.6 200 1 26.9 200 2 27.0 200 3 27.4 200 4 27.8 200 5 27.4 27.1 26. 26. 26. 26. 25. 9 4 4 4 7 27.7 27.6 27. 26. 24. 25. 25. 1 8 8 2 0 26.6 26.6 27.2 27.6 27.3 27.1 27. 26. 25. 24. 25. 2 1 4 7 1 25.8 27.1 27.4 27.1 27.3 27.0 26. 26. 25. 24. 24. 8 3 4 6 4 25.6 27.3 27.5 26.9 27.1 27.2 26. 26. 25. 25. 24. 5 1 8 0 8 22.1 27.0 27.8 27.3 26.9 26.9 26. 26. 25. 24. 25. 7 5 3 8 0 26.8 27.1 27.6 27.1 26.9 26.7 26. 25. 25. 24. 24. 6 6 6 6 8 26.6 27.1 27.0 27.6 27.5 28.6 27. 27. 26. 26. 25. 4 1 5 0 9 25.6 26.8 26.8 27.3 26.5 25.7 27.1 26.9

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27.0 200 6

27.0

27.1 25. 26. 25. 24. 24. 0 5 6 6 5

25.6

26.9

28.2

27.8

27.1 27.3 27.2 200 26. 26. 25. 25. 25. 7 9 4 5 1 0 Source: BMG, 2008 (3) Physiographic - geomorphology

25.6

27.1

27.5

27.2

P. Lombok is the first big island and the westernmost of the group of islands called Nusa Tenggara archipelago. Form P. Lombok is characterized by a long beach that is not much different between the West and the East with the North and South, except the south side of the relatively long westward. The presence of the volcanic (G.) Rinjani relative position in the middle of P. Lombok provides a unique physiography. G. Rinjani is the axis of physiography to most areas of P. Lombok is predominantly occupied by volcanic rock, except the south. Southern region P. Lombok, separated by a low area that is wide enough from G. Rinjani and pengarunya area extends east-west direction at the center to the south coast of P. Lombok is occupied by hills and volcanic rocks typical batugamping. In physiography, P. Lombok divided into 3 (three) physiographic zones, namely: mountains, hills, and plains. The third zone for a portion of a circular spread (radial) from the peak height of G. Rinjani as central to sampaia lowlands, except for the southern part of which is generally hilly. (4) Geology

Litologi or rocks that occupy P. Lombok is dominated by the rocky volcanic products Tertiary to Quaternary age, except a little in the southeastern part occupied by batugamping (Figure 2.2). The oldest rock units exposed is the formation Pengulung (Tomp) is composed

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of sediments of the volcanic activity of breksi, lava, and Tuf batugamping lens containing sulfide ores and quartz veins. formation menjemari was with Late Oligocene-Early (Tomk) Miocene which formations of Kawangan consists This and quartz

perselingan batupasir, batulempung and breksi. Both are breached by bersusunan dacitic rocks and basal (TMI) was suspected to Middle Miocene. Formation Formation Pengulung and not aligned Kawangan crushed by the formation Ekas (TME) Late Miocene ages of batugamping (kalkarenit), a local rock crystal. The three older rock units mentioned above on top of the group was aligned by the volcanic rocks between the ages Lombok Late Pliocene to Early Plistosen . This group consists of Formation Kalipalung (TQp), which has members Selayar (TQs), Formation Kalibabak (TQb), and the formation Lekopiko (QVL).

Figure 2.2. Geological map of P. Lombok (Mango et. Al, 1994).

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Furthermore,

formation

Kalipalung

(TQp)

consists

of

breksi

Gampingan and lava, while members of Selayar batupasir Tufan Tufan and batulempung with thin carbon inserts. Kalibabak Formation consists of breksi and lava, while the formation of Lekopiko Tuf berbatuapung, breksi lava and lava. The group is not crushed volcanic rock tune by the integral (Qhv, pn, r) of Quaternary age and are thought to come from G. and north-northeast coast of P. Lombok. Weathering of rock will form the soil profile. The spread of the soil profile in P. Lombok is as follows: a. Land in the western Mediterranean P. Lombok. b. c. d. e. Land Regosol / entisol in the west, north, and east of P. Lombok. Alluvial soil along the east coast of P. Lombok. Land grumusol / vertisol in the southern P. Lombok. Land in the southern Litosol P. Lombok Pusuk, G. Nangi, and G. Rinjani. The youngest units are alluvium which occupies the western

(5)

Natural Resources

Natural resources is a potential that is available in nature and not involved in the production process to increase the availability of a necessity. Natural resource management in an integrated include: land resources, forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, and fisheries and marine resources. Land resources in the province of West Nusa Tenggara 58% as wide as directed and allocated to the region that serves as a protected area or non-cultivated areas. Cultural areas that have not been used optimally covering 24.95% of the cultivated area. While the critical land that is formed due to land use activities that do not fit with the

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capabilities and peruntukkannya area 6.19% in 2006 (Table 2.3). Land is included in the critical are as follows: bare land that has not bervegetasi, Padang weeds overgrown shrubs that are not productive, solumnya thin soil that plants can not grow well and have the potential for erosion with solum> 100 cm for 14 tons / ha / year. Dense forest is the most extensive land use for 22.4% of P. Lombok. While the use of land above 10% of P. Lombok is for fields and field (Table 2.4). namely: 1. Working Area NTB Provincial Forestry Office 1,060,547.78 ha area of protected forests, production forests, and swamp forests. 2. Sub Working Area Conservation of Natural Resources (SBKSDA) West Nusa Tenggara province, an area of 161,753.03 ha Nature Reserve and Forest Tourism. In general, P. Lombok has a water resources is relatively good in the lowlands to the hills in the middle sebalah (SSWS Dodokan), east (SSWS Menanga), and the north (SSWS White). Mineral resources is not too much, except for gold in the Batu Hijau, Lombok southwestern parts, and minerals group C. Gold minerals are exploited, while category C minerals are generally used by the public. Marine fishery resources and great potential for various activities such as: tourism, fisheries, and agriculture tide. Table 2.3 Size of area of critical land watersheds in 2003 Protected Forest Area (ha) critical level *) 4,070.00 Outside Protected Area Forest Area (ha) critical level *) 491.25 Forest resources are divided into two working areas,

DAS / No District I. Dodokan 1. West Lombok

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2. Lombok 4,850.00 Tengah 3. East Lombok II. Menanga 1. Lombok -Tengah 2. East Lombok III. White 1. West Lombok 5,500.00 500.00 2,834.20

-487.50

-523.25

309.50 -66.50

2. Lombok -Tengah 3. East Lombok IV. Jelateng 1. West Lombok 4,187.50 3,500.00

935.50 1,012.50 3,826.00

2. Lombok 78.13 Tengah Amount 25,519.83

Source: NTB Provincial Forestry Office, 2004 Table 2.4. Land use in P. Lombok in 2007 West Matara Lombok m 3,148.8 4,792.3 2,899.3 18,932.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,827.6 27,319.5 0.0 23,546.6 19,336.6 390.0 49,275.7 Lombok Tengah 4,285.0 13,119.7 49,212.6 5,119.5 40.0 5,082.9 5,120.2 368.0 11,688.0 East Lombok 5,706.0 47,361.0 690.0 19,544.9 240.0 2,936.5 5,724.0 560.0 44,979.0

Land Use Villages Rice Irrigation Rainwater Rice Moor Farm Mixed Plantation Plantation Fishing Rain Forest

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Similar forest Forest Kingfisher Bush Grass Reed Lake Rawa Embung / Reservoir Soil Damage Tidal Other P. LOMBOK

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.9

2,177.3 11,624.8 7,586.6 993.8 1,114.5 611.0 12.0 668.8 22.0 0.0 14,108.3

4,992.0 6,035.7 11,823.6 1,399.0 197.0 0.0 0.0 1,790.1 0.0 0.0 567.0 120,840.0

4,591.0 3,819.0 3,263.0 10,984.0 511.0 140.0 107.0 144.0 1,189.0 0.0 8,056.7 160,546.0

6,130.0 186,340.0

Source: NTB Provincial Forestry Office, 2004

2.1.2. Government Administration

Lombok Island consists of four districts with a land area of 4741.65 km

2

area and marine waters covering 2885.18 km

(Table 2.5).

West Lombok District is the largest area (35% total)) which covers 3 areas SSWS, namely: some SSWS Dodokan, SSWS White, and SSWS Jelateng. Mataram is the smallest region (2% total). Table 2.5. The total area according to the district / city. District / City Kota Mataram West Lombok Growle d Matara m 1,863.40 1,352.49 3,215.89 42% l 61.30 56.80 118.10 2% Mainland Sea waters Capita (km ) (km ) Number Percent(km ) tase

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Lombok Praya Tengah

1,208.40

397.56 1,074.33

1,605.96 2,679.88

21% 35% 100%

East Selong 1,605.55 Lombok

Amount 4,741.65 2,885.18 7,624.83 Source: NTB in numbers 2006/2007, BPS NTB. .
2.1.3. Occupied

The population of P. Lombok in the year 2007 there were 3,015,245 inhabitants spread unevenly (Table 2.6). Administrative region is the most populous city of Mataram with population density of 5761 km2. The District of West Lombok is a district that has the smallest population density, which is 420 km2. Based on population data surve results BPS, 2006-2007, the population density of P. Lombok range from 420 km2 to 5762 km2. Given the recent data contained in spatial form, the data from this .... to be used in subsequent vulnerability assessment Table 2.6. The population and density of P. Lombok 2007 Kab / Kota West Lombok 1 Lombok Tengah 2 East Lombok 3 Kota Mataram 4 Number of Total P. 3,015,245 4,738.65 Lombok Source: NTB in numbers 2006/2007, BPS NTB 353.183 61.30 5761.55 1,053,347 1,605.55 656.07 825.772 1,208.40 683.36 Amount (soul) 782.943 (Km Area Density (people /
2)

km

2)

1,863.40 420.17

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.
2.1.4. Land, and infrastructure Spatial Area

Units of the development area (SWP) consists of (1) Regional development of food crops, plantations, marine and fisheries; (2) Local conservation of natural resources; (3) regional transport node and nacional; (4) Center for the development of handicraft, industrial, and trade; (5) Center for tourism development; (6) Center for the development of higher education; (7) Central provincial government, and (8) Center for health services. SWP SWP Lombok Island which includes the City of Mataram as I Order Activity Center National / Provincial Scale Development Center; City Order II growled, Praya, Selong as Regional Activity Center / District Scale Development Center; City III Order Sheet, Narmada, Cape, Kopang, Sengkol , Lucky, Keruak, Aikmel, Masbagik As with Local Events Center; City Sekotong Order IV, Bayan, Kediri, Ubung, Mantang, Sikur, Sakra, Pringgabaya, and Labuhan Lombok As with Local Service Center. Meanwhile, activity centers in the province of West Nusa Tenggara include: (1) National Events Center in Kota Mataram; (2) Regional Activity Center in GERUNG city, Praya, Selong, Sumbawa Besar, Taliwang, Dompu, Woha, and Raba; and (3) Local Events Center in the City Sheet, Narmada, Cape, Kopang, Sengkol, Lucky, Keruak, Aikmel, Masbagik, Alas, Seteluk, Jereweh, Lenangguar, Pond, Kempo, Soriutu, and Sape .
2.1.5. Economic and Social Culture

Economic growth in the province of NTB in macro until the year 2003 showed a good performance even though the value is still below the growth in 2001 and the days before the 1998

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crisis. Value of economic growth in 2003 was 3.2 percent with the highest growth in transport and communication sector of 6.54 percent. Invesasi from outside the area is still lacking and grow an average of 2.26 percent. Slow economic growth is the result of several factors such as lower legal certainty, overlapping intersectoral policies, bureaucracy, inadequate infrastructure, and labor resource conditions that are less conducive. Inflation fell by 1.82 percent deflation triggered by food groups a direct result of the normal supply of goods and improved distribution channels. Exports increased by 7.41% with copper concentrate production reached 99% of total exports NTB dri .. On the other hand, most development is concentrated on the economy have been ignored in the field of cultural development in the form of neglect of human values. Therefore, the program has been set forward in the field of cultural strategies of development of cultural values, cultural resources management and cultural diversity. Socio-cultural life in West Nusa Tenggara province in general is still holding strong traditions, except in urban areas. Found a good local wisdom related to forest management and water resource management . 2.2. WATER RESOURCES 2.2.1. Rain Water Precipitation is one of water resources is important in P. Lombok. This is evident from the fact that in P. Lombok encountered rainfed rice fields and as a means embung rain water reservoir.

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(1)

Rainfall Pattern

As noted earlier, the general pattern of rainfall in P. Lombok is a wet season or rainy season between November to February; drought or very little until there was no rain in a month between June to September, and the conditions in which the transition is still possible there is rain in March, April, May and October . P. Lombok is affected by changes or shifts in climate patterns.

From the study of rainfall data are available for more than 30 years (1961-1990), known to a shift in the pattern of monthly rainfall during the period November-December-Jan-February (NDJF). When compared with the period 1961-1990, the rainfall pattern during the ten years (Table 2.1.) Past shows that January rainfall tends to fall, but on the contrary, rainfall in November and February tend to rise . (2) Distribution and Rainfall Amount

Based on the results of the study of climate sektort known that topography affects the distribution of rain. Up to about 1000 m elevation above sea level, rainfall generally average increases with altitude. Based on data from the department of Public Works (PU) between 2003-2007 from 16 statsiun records spread fairly evenly throughout the P. Lombok is known that the area next to the North West and G. Rinjani tend to receive more rain with a maximum rainfall ranges from 400 mm / month, while the maximum rainfall in the lowlands in the South and East P. Lombok ranged only 150 mm / month. In the dry period between June to September, rainfall averaging less than 25 mm / month. 2.2.2. Water Surface

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(1)

Hydrology

Potential surface water will be largely determined by three conditions, namely climate, topography forms, and land cover. Elements of the rainfall climate, water and air temperature, humidity, solar radiation length is the basis for the calculation of spinning water in the hydrological cycle. Topographic form P. Lombok is a mountain with a peak of G. Rinjani, hills, and plains, allowing accumulated rainfall and yield of water resources, both surface water (rivers, embung, springs) and groundwater. (2) Distribution and Surface Water Reserves

Bin in the form of surface water of the river and spread across the embung P. Lombok. Water reservoir in the form of dams, there are only two locations in the SSWS Dodokan. The big lake is the crater lake at the top of G. Rinjani. Condition of surface water reserves will be greatly affected by climatic conditions of rainfall and evaporation which were recorded with a potential of 3.04 x 10 6 m 3. (3) Surface Water Use

Surface water is used for all types of water needs, except in cities with more use of ground water for daily use and industrial population. The use of the agricultural sector is the most dominant use. For that the government has built two dams and a number of irrigation channels. In addition, wisdom-driven society also by government policies have taken advantage of surface water by building the facility basin called embung. 2.2.3. Groundwater (1) Hydrogeologyi

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Based on productivity keterdapatan groundwater and aquifer, hydrogeological P. Lombok is divided into (Figure 2.3): 1. Aquifer with flow through the space between the grains. a.High productive aquifer located in Mataram and surrounding areas in the western part of P. Lombok.

Transmissivity aquifer with moderate to high, face high groundwater or groundwater pisometri groundwater near the front, the well flow is generally> 10 liters / sec. b.Productive aquifer was found on a beach near the west coast of Mataram and the eastern P. Lombok transmissivity of the aquifer and flow wells were generally range between 5 to 10 liters / sec. c.Local productive aquifer is located in the northwestern part of P. Lombok form discontinuous aquifer to aquifer with low and debit ketererusan wells generally <5 liters / second. 2. Aquifer with flow through the space between celahan a.High productive aquifer is at the foot of G. Rinjani the bottom of the transmissivity and groundwater depth range face a very diverse, the well flow is generally l> 5 liters / second. b.Productive aquifer is the upper slopes around G. Rinjani and lower slopes in the southern part of G. Rinjani in the form of the well aquifer with flow less than 5 liters / sec. c.Local productive aquifer in the upper slopes to the west open G. Rinjani and in the center to the south of groundwater aquifer with a pretty face and debit wells in less than 5 liters / sec. 3. Aquifer with flow through the fissure, celahan, and Lombok be limited groundwater flow celahan channel setempa a productive aquifer in the south and southeast P. and grains.

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zone, cracks, and the channel solution with low to moderate transmissivity and groundwater in the face. Debit springs are generally small. 4. Aquifer with flow through a crack or a small nest and a.Small productive aquifer and the local mean in the southern part of P. Lombok transmissivity of the aquifer is very low and the local shallow groundwater in a limited number can be obtained at the weathering zone of solid rock. b.Rare in the area of local groundwater in the zone of groundwater with little productivity in the southern P. Lombok and the top of G. Rinjani. Legend: 1. a. 1. b. 1. c. 2. a. 2. b. 2. c. 3 4. a. 4. b. productivity until rare.

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Description: number 1.a., 1.b, and so on until 4.b. refer to the description above Figure 2.3. Hydrogeological map of P. Lombok (Ridwan and Sudadi, 2000) (2) Distribution and Groundwater Reserves

Potential groundwater in Lombok P. scattered in two groundwater basins (Figure 2.7): 1. CAT-Sambedia Cape located in the northern part of G.
2.

Rinjani with area 1124 km by 22 million m 2.

3

Potential groundwater depressed

/ year and the potential-free groundwater for

224 million m 3 / year. CAT-Selong Mataram located in the southern part of G. Lombok with area 2366 km
3 2.

Rinjani to the P.

Potential

groundwater depressed by 8 million m

/ year and the

potential-free groundwater for 662 million m 3 / year. Table 2.7. Basin groundwater in P. Lombok Groundwater No Basin (CAT) 1. Mataram Selong 2. Cape - Sambelia 1.124 224 22 Source: Office of NTB Province Pertamben, 200 7 Area Free Soil Water (km ) (million year - 2.366 662 m Soil m / year) 8 Water (million

/ Stressed

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Legenda: Cape Sambe dia Matara mSelong

Gambar 2.7. Peta cekungan airtanah P. Lombok (Dinas Pertamben, 2007)

2.2.4. Water Quality Water quality data is very small. Based on the data obtained, have good chemical contamination or biological; good on surface water sources and groundwater, especially in SSWS Dodokan (Mataram, Lombok Tengah regency, and the District of East Lombok). Pollution today is: 1) Phosphate levels, have exceeded the quality standards of water quality class II (water for the toilet?), Namely konsetrasi 0.24 to 0.26 mg / L, found in river water Pagesangan (Mataram, SSWS Dodokan); concentration of 0.32 mg / L Manhal River (Central Lombok regency, SSWS Dodokan); and the concentration of 0.32 mg / L found in the waters Meninting (West Lombok regency, SSWS Dodokan) 2) Detergents, have exceeded the quality standards of water quality class II, concentrations of 0.04 to 0.82 mg / L, found in

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river

water

Pagesangan

(Mataram,

SSWS

Dodokan);

concentration of 0.08 to 0.12 found in the waters of Meninting (Central Lombok regency, SSWS Dodokan); concentration of 0,05-0,11 mg / L found in Manhal River (Central Lombok regency, SSWS Dodokan); and the concentration of 0,13-0,23 mg / L found in water Rutus River (East Lombok regency, SSWS Dodokan); 3) Nitrite, have exceeded the quality standards of water quality class II, the concentration of 0.1 mg / L found in the River Pagesangan (Mataram, SSWS Dodokan); 4) BOD (biological oxygen demand), has surpassed the quality standards of water quality class I () and class II, 3.1 to 5.6 mg / L, found in the River Pagesangan (Mataram, SSWS Dodokan); concentration of 5.9 mg / L occurs in Meninting River, Central Lombok regency, SSWS Dodokan); and the concentration of 3.8-77,9 mg / L found in the waters of Manhal (Central Lombok regency, SSWS Dodokan); 5) Eschericia coli bacteria in the River Meninting Kab. (SSWS Dodokan); 6) Pollution by bacteria Eschericia coli and the physical damage to the water (odor, cloudiness) are also in the water that comes from the shallow groundwater wells pendudu (Mataram City Health Office, 1990) The main cause of pollution is the sanitation and waste management and trash the bad and the habit of washing in the river. Kadar BOD, nitrites and high phosphate from waste discharged directly into water bodies (rivers) or seepage from a landfill near a river. Detergent pollution from the activities using mencucui community dteregen conducted in the river and from the former sewage into the river. Pollution by Eschericia coli bacteria come from animal Attic

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husbandry activities, septic tanks are not properly managed or disposed of directly into the body of a river. Projection conditions for water quality were analyzed qualitatively. Water quality conditions in 2030 and 2080 will decline, assuming no significant improvements in sanitation, waste management and waste, and the habit to use water for everyday activities. Vulnerability of water quality will increase with decreasing water availability and increased use of pesticides in agriculture, and in coastal areas with an increase in sea level and sea water to the land that will cause the water salinity increases. Risk due to decreased water quality is the availability of water for proper use) and on health . 2.2.5. Balance of Water Resources Balance of water resources is intended to provide a quantitative picture of the potential, needs and utilization of water resources in each sub-unit Wilyah River in Lombok and Sumbawa. In the balance of water resources there are four types of data that consists of: Data potential water resources (rain water, surface Domestic water use data (population, public facilities, Agricultural water use data (surface irrigated fields and Industrial water use data (light and heavy industry and

water, and groundwater). commercial facilities). ground water, land fishery, plantation, and livestock). mining). The availability of water resources from water filled surface and groundwater. 10 6 m 3. Balance sheet data based on Water Resources in 2006, the potential water resources in the SWS Lombok for 3591 x

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Utilization of water in the SWS P. Lombok used for the following sectors: (1) domestic or household registration 168.75 x 10 by 3.5%; (2) the agricultural or irrigation of 1616.97 x 10 48, 5%; (3) industry for 18.2 x 10
6 6 6

m
3

or

or for

or by 18.2%; and (4) Other

registration 1419.06 x 10 6 m 3 or by 29.8%. Based on needs and availability of water, the water balance in P. Lombok showed a deficit score of 1178.45 x 10 6 m 3 . 2.3. WATER RELATED HAZARDS 2.3.1. Flood Factors that influence the form of floods and extreme rainfall or a power capacity of bin surface. Extreme rainfall can be identified through the maximum rainfall and the intensity is usually recorded in mm per hour. Mencamtumkan value BKMG rainfall 400 mm / month as an indicator of the maximum rainfall exceeded if the value will cause potential flooding or landslides. Bin capacity of the surface of the earth as a place of bin surface runoff water such as rivers, lakes, or pools. Pendangkalan due to subsidence or sedimentation will Lombok. However, data showing the cause the decline in the value bin that will potentially cause flooding. Floods are common in P. location of the next flood genangannya time and area are not available. Information about the floods that can be accessed so far dalah flood area location map Dr research. Surhadi, et al., Of the Center for Environmental Research (PPLH) University of Mataram in the form of maps flood-prone areas. . The results of these studies share the flood that occurred in P. Lombok into two categories, namely: flood flood and flash floods. Flood water that is overflowing rivers because the water volume exceeds the capacity of the river to absorb, usually occurs in the lower river or on the plains. While the surge of flood water mixed

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with mud and other material and usually occurs in the upstream region. From the observation of maps flood-prone areas that exist, there are no fewer than 20 rivers in 5 of them are children or branch of a river, a flood-prone regions, consisting of the 5 rivers that flood the area, which is 5 river flood-prone areas , and 13 rivers of the floods in upper reaches and flood in downstream flooding. Rivers and flooding areas that are generally found in SSWS Dodokan, 5 rivers, bordered by SSWS Jelateng Dodokan SSWS, 1 river; SSWS Menanga, 5 rivers and SSWS White, 9 river Administratively, floods occurred in: (1) West Lombok regency (7 rivers, 35%) in the rivers flowing into the Straits of Lombok and Flores Sea to the north, floods that either (7sungai), or flash floods (9 rivers) ; (2) The city of Mataram (2 rivers), a flood that; and (3) East Lombok regency (8 rivers) in the rivers that empty into the Alas Strait and Flores Sea, in the form of floods that (5 rivers), and flash flood (6 rivers). From the information is obtained that the Central Lombok district has not experienced flooding rivers except the two rivers, each of which is the boundary with the West Lombok regency in the west, and East Lombok District in the east . 2.3.2. Drought In principle, the determination of drought conditions

determined from observations in a given time period. Drought is defined as a lack of water or rainfall as the main source of water that do not fall in the long term. In general, the potential duration of the drought caused by the dry season. This is because not unprepared means retaining runoff flows to a slower flow in the rainy season. Means of

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retaining the flow can be made in the form of bin embung or can be made of sand areas as water catchment areas. SSWS Menanga, kl.25%, the total drought area, concentrated in the southern sebalah (Lotim Regency, 20%), and in the eastnorth SSWS (Lotim Regency, 5%). SSWS White, kl 20%, a total area of drought, spread in the west (Kab. Lobar, 15%), and the east (Lotim Regency, 5%). Administratively, droughts occurred in: 1) The city of Mataram, kl 5%, SSWS Dodokan; 2) Kab. Lobar, kl 45%: 25% SSWS Dodokan, 5% SSWS Jelateng, and 15% SSWS White; 3) Kab. Attic, kl 25%: 15% SSWS Dodokan, and 10% SSWS Menanga; and 4) Kab.Lotim, kl 25%: 5% SSWS Dodokan, 15% SSWS Menanga, and 5% SSWS White. In some areas, droughtlike distribution pattern of the distribution pattern of floodprone areas (City of Mataram, Kab. Lotim, & bag north Kab. Lobar). More than half of P. Lombok location corresponding to the local drought floods Drought related to: topographical conditions, the slope of the land, the region's position in the basin hydrology / watershedrelated, critical areas (not the water absorption). The condition of water sources (springs, rivers) are lacking, state Litologi, and climatic conditions. The frequency of drought intensity is projected to increase in future as the impacts of climate change (low rainfall, the increasing incidence of El Nina . 2.3.3. Landslides The main factors affecting landslides are extreme rainfall and soil surface conditions. The condition is determined by the land surface or rock litologi constituent who suffered weathering into soil, topographic slope, and land cover. Changing conditions of land clearing function will be very potential to cause landslides.

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2.3.4. Lack of Water Potential Hazards The potential danger of water shortage can be detected by recording the balance of water resources based on potential and utilization. The potential is determined by the falling rain. Utilization is calculated from population data, irrigation, and industry following their water needs. When the value of fixed and rainfall tends to fall, while the population continues to increase the potential danger of water shortage will increase. 2.3.5. Potential Hazards Water Quality decrease The potential danger of water quality decline correlated with the population. This is based on the fact that the tendency of effective water use and efficiency have not touched the consciousness of the entire population. In general, the river used as exhaust channels. If the industrial use of chemicals is also the view of the river as a place of exile, then the condition of surface water quality will be seriously threatened and declining.

2.4. WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

2.4.1. Potential pressure on water (water stress)

On the island of Lombok, as in other areas in Indonesia, there are potential pressures on water resources. water (water stress) is diantaranta form Population growth Increasing afluence Expansion of business activity Rapid urbinization Potential pressure on the

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Climte change Depletion of aquifer Pollution and water protection Water conflict

2.4.2. Water Resources Problems

P. Lombok as generally other areas in Indonesia is facing problems of water resources. The problems are caused either due to the more critical water catchment areas, increased use of water, over land use, and other causes. Important issues or strategic issues of water resources in the P. Lombok among others: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Decrease in the number of springs drastic; The more widespread critical land both inside and The ever-expanding area that threatens the survival The threat of water crisis due to increased demand / More dominant than the efficient use of conservation increasing conflict between water users; The exploitation of water resources by several

outside the forest area; woke spring due to increased development activities; need for water; efforts

community groups and private; The formation of public attitudes have not cared water and water-efficient.
2.4.3. Policies and Water Management Strategy

Water resource management policy in the province of Nusa Tenggara Barat: 1.Optimizing the management of water resources.

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2.Increasing land conservation, water catchment and water resources. 3.Rehabilitation and improvement of PDAM pipeline maintenance. 4.Excavation of water resources in dry land. 5.Settings groundwater utilization. 6.Provision of water resources information system. 7.Development and management of the DPS. 8.Settings perlindunga irrigation infrastructure and facilities. 9.Mining, quarrying Penamggulangan C. 10. Institutional settings of water resources management. Meanwhile, water resources management strategy in the province of West Nusa Tenggara are: 1. Optimize the construction and operation of dams or embung. 2. Mntang 3. 5. 6. concerning water management across sectors, between DPS and between regions. Improving surveillance of the use of raw water taps. Compiling information integrated water resource and 4. Conducting an inventory of groundwater utilization. representative. Increasing forest conservation in the environment DPS. protective building irrigation infrastructure and facilities. 8. Extractive mining rules C. the use and allocation of water. 10. Give full authority to P3A in the management of irrigation water.
2.4.4. Water Conservation

7. Making

9. Make rules about the division of authority and responsibility in

Water conservation is an important factor for maintaining the availability of water resources. The use of water continues to

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increase in line with the development in various sectors, especially the increase of population and industry growth will further reduce the potential for water resources if it ignores the factors of water conservation. Some of the effects of excessive water use is decreasing face groundwater, seawater intrusion, river water level decline in the dry season, and amblesan ground. Water conservation is done here in the form of groundwater conservation compiled in a book issued by the Center for Environmental Geology, Geological Agency MEMR. Water conservation is an effort to protect and maintain the existence, condition, and environmental water resource that is always available in quantity and quality for the survival and function kemanfaatannya to meet the needs of living things present to the future . a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Conservation activities can melipui water resources: Determination of the conservation zone, Protection and preservation, Control decision, Preservation, Recovery, Quality management and pollution control, Damage control, Monitoring, and Conservation technical recommendations.

Conservation of water can be done through several attempts (Corbitt, 2004), among others: Domestic water use or households by 50 percent is used Water savings in the industrial sector with emphasis on for activities in the bathroom. recycling.

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Water savings in the agricultural sector through the Water tariff is an attempt to suppress the use of water Use the meter or gauge in determining water tariffs.

optimization and scheduling the use of water. saving.

2.4.5. Potential Local Wisdom

Local wisdom to work in conservation and saving water resources. On the island of Lombok is the local wisdom, among others: Making embung and "water harvesting" of embung; Compensation to maintain water resources, such as geniut or eras in Lombok awig awig northern part of the community who cut down trees will be fined; and Nyowok in 13 villages including North Lombok District, which is a ritual form of penalties or fines for anyone who damaged springs Culture for rain in the Lake Segara Anak early before the rainy season and making embung; Culture 'ban forests', the forest should not dinggangu because there is a spring in it useful. 2.5. WATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE The existence and availability of water in nature is determined by climatic conditions in the hydrological cycle. parameters klimatogi will change the Changes in climate of potential. value

Climatological parameters changes most observable is the change in temperature of the hot air that will enhance the value of water lost in evaporation..

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