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THE ROLE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN ADVANCED AUTOMOBILE FOR ASSISTANCE AND AUTOMATION
Akash, Kayannush J Paymaster, Mohit Jain, Mohmed Salman Khan, Pavan A, Pavan Kumar N, Pavan Kumar P N, Pramod Bhat M, Farhan N Vohra
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Introduction
Started with first
Microprocessor for fuel injection by Volkswagen 1600 in 1968 Conversion from mechanical electrical driving system from analog digital control systems
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Evolution
Earlier Systems
Fuel injection, lighting control, speedometer Safety and assistance to driver by ABS, parking assistance, cruise control
Modern Systems
Communication between different sensors controlled by a central processor, GPS, ACC Autonomous vehicles using AI & RTOS Challenge to make the vehicle safer, more energy efficient and networked
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Revenue
Semicast Report - $20 billion in 2010 to almost double to $39 billion in 2017
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Powertrain
The term powertrain or
powerplant refers to the group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air. This includes
Engine, transmission, drive
shafts, differentials Final drive such as drive wheels, continuous track like with tanks or Caterpillar tractors, propeller etc.
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Block Diagram:
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Technology by Nissan
Compression Ignition
Employs both spark ignition and compression ignition Expected to improve mileage about 15 percent over conventional engines
injected supercharged engine Employed Miller Cycle, in which the power stroke is delaying closing the intake valves
Claims to be most fuel efficient
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Video
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situations
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Distance between the two vehicles = host speed * time gap(s), Time gap = generally 1.5 - 3 s, set by driver for additional safety
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Block Diagram
Driver Console
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Available systems
Mitsubishi was the first automaker to offer a laser-based
ACC system in 1995 In 1997, Toyota began to use radar based ACC system with Celsior Mercedes-Benz - E-class and S-class Luxury sedans BMW, Nissan, Volkswagen, Ford and Volvo also use these systems in their luxury cars.
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Advancements in ACC
Cooperative adaptive cruise control CACC Wireless communication between vehicles No vision when such agreement could come into
practice
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How it began?
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Overview of CAN
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Basic Concepts
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Standardization Issues
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User Benefits
CAN means real-time Short message length (0 to 8 data bytes / message) Low latency between transmission request and actual start of transmission Inherent Arbitration on Message Priority (AMP) Multi Master using CSMA/CD + AMP method CAN is flexible CAN Nodes can be easily connected / disconnected (i.e. plug & play) Number of nodes not limited by the protocol CAN is fast maximum data rate is 1 MBit/s @ 40m bus length (still about 40 kBit/s @ 1000m bus length
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Application Examples
CAN in motor vehicles (cars, trucks, buses) Enables communication between ECUs like engine management system, anti-skid braking, gear control, active suspension (power train) Used to control units like dashboard, lighting, air conditioning, Windows, central locking, airbag, seat belts etc. (body control) CAN in utility vehicles Eg. construction vehicles, forklifts, tractors etc. CAN used for power train and hydraulic control CAN in trains High need of data exchange between the different electronic subsystem control units (i.e. acceleration, braking, door control, error messages etc. as well as diagnostics)
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and stability of the car during emergency braking. Locked wheels will slow a car down but will not provide steering ability. Allows maximum braking to be applied while retaining the ability to steer out of trouble. Operation can slightly reduce stopping distance in some cases like on wet road surfaces, but it can increase the stopping distance in others, as may be the case in deep snow or gravel.
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Website
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Features
32-bit Power Architecture MCU 32-bit dual-core Power Architecture MCU
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Job Opportunities
The major areas of work for Automotive Embedded Systems
are :
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Electric Parking Brake Systems (EPB) Hydraulic Systems (EPHS)
The primary work carried on these systems include Development, Designing, Automation. Verification and Validation Static and Dynamic Analysis Integration, Unit and Module level testing Real-time(Hardware) and Simulation Testing - DOORS Documentation - Reverse Engineering etc.
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Source: Compiled by the authors from public and iSuppli sources and databases
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Research Universities
The Center for Automotive Embedded Systems Security
(CAESS)
University of California San Diego and University of Washington.
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Australia
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automotive industry with the Ministry of Industries, Government of India More than 80 Member companies Services:
Research & Development Testing and Calibration Certification Standard Formulation Education and Training
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References
Study on Automotive Embedded System Design of Engine, Brake and
Security System Honbun ESL Development Gets A Leg Up - Graham Hellestrand (http://chipdesignmag.com /display.php?articleId=57&issueId=8) http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/about/AT.html http://visualoop.tumblr.com/post/17954846926/driverless-cars-of-thefuture-are-here-now http://www.sae.org/mags/aei/9503 http://johndayautomotivelectronics.com/ Is Europe in the Drivers Seat? The Future Competitiveness of the European Automotive Embedded Software Industry 2010 - Egil Juliussen and Richard Robinson www.eecs.umich.edu www.Newtechpapers.com www.wikipedia.com www.howstuffworks.com Cruise Control System in Cars: S. Giridharan,Bangalore
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References (contd.)
Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj
Kamal, Publications : McGraw-Hill Handbook of Real-Time and Embedded Systems - Chapman and Hall Adaptive Cruise Control - Gurulingesh R., IIT Bombay Powertrain: http://www.national.com/en/automotive/powertrain _block _diagrams.html New Powertrain technologies: http://www.trailerlife.com/camper-trailer news/trailer-gear/new-powertrain-technologies/ Bosch Documentation CAN Specification V 2.0 CAN Specification ISO 11898 Microchip Documentation CAN basics AN173 Siemens Microelectronics Documentation CANPRES Version 2 Gurpreet Berlin, Germany: http://kohligs.blogspot.in/2008/07/ automotive-embedded-companies-in-india.html www.manipal.edu DIANA Research Project: http://www.infineon.com/cms/en/corporate/ press/news/releases/2010/INFXX201007-058.html
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THANK YOU
Questions?