ITC35 - Data Communication and Connectivity Lec 1 Data Communication

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Telecommunications general term for the electronic transmission of information of any type including television pictures, sounds, facsimiles, and data in the form of electronic signals or impulses, sent either as an individual message between two parties or as a broadcast to be received at many locations. It could also be referred to as communications over a distance using technology to overcome that distance. The messages can be sent from one sender to a single receiver (point-to-point) or from one sender to many receivers (point-to-multipoint). DATA COMMUNICATIONS Is the process of transferring digital information (usually in binary form) between two or more points. Information is defined as knowledge or intelligence. Is the process of communicating information in binary form between two points. It is sometimes called computer communications because most of the information interchange today is between computers, or between computers and their terminals, printers or other peripheral devices. Involves data transfer from one computer to another through a communications medium such as telephone, a microwave relay, or satellite link or a physical cable. Three Components: 1. Transmitter also called the source A transmitter can be any circuit or electronic device designed to send electronically encoded data to another location. 2. Transmission path or channel a path or a link through which information passes between two devices. In communications, a medium for transferring information also known as a line or a circuit. A communications channel can carry information in many forms such as data, sound and/or video in either digital or analog form. 3. Receiver also called the sink a receiver could be any device designed to receive any conveyed message from the transmitter or the source.

ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION is the transmission, reception , and processing of information with the use of electronic circuits.

ITC35 - Data Communication and Connectivity Lec 1 Data Communication Universal Seven-Part Circuit of Data Communications System

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1. The Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) at point A. 2. The interface between the DTE and the Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) or often called Data Communications Equipment at point A. 3. The DCE at point A 4. The transmission channel between point A and point B 5. The DCE at point B 6. The DCE-DTE interface at point B 7. The DTE at point B

Point A DCE

Point B

DTE DTE/DCE Interface

DCE

Transmission Channel

DTE

DCE/DTE Interface

(a) BLOCK DIAGRAM MODEM is the contraction of the words MOdulator/DEModulator which converts digital signals coming from a computer into their equivalent analog signals transmissible over telephone lines or vice versa. Modulation - is the process of converting digital signals coming from a computer into their equivalent analog signals transmissible over telephone lines or vice versa. Data Communications Applications Transfer of data between two or more PCs Ability to access remote programs or files through a global network called the Internet Electronic Mails Videoconferencing/Teleconferencing Access to remote programs Access to remote databases Enhanced communication facilities Electronic Bulletin Board System

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ons Batch Processing data are accumulated over a period of time then processed periodically Gathering source documents originated by business transactions such as sales orders or invoice into groups called BATCHES. Recording transaction data on an input medium such as magnetic disks or magnetic tapes Sorting the transactions in a transaction file into the same sequence as the record in a sequential master file. Computer processing that result in an updated master file in a variety of documents and reports Online System or real-time processing systems process data immediately after they generated and can provide immediate output to users In full-pledged real-time processing system, data are processed as soon as they are originated or recorded without waiting to accumulate batches of data. Data are fed directly into the computer system from online terminals without having to be sorted and are always stored online in direct access files. The masters files are always up-to-date since they are updated whenever data are originated, regardless of its frequency. Responses to users inquiry are immediate, since information in the direct access files can be retrieved almost instantaneously. Major Differences between Batch Processing & Real-Time Processing Characteristics Processing of Transactions File Update Response Time/ Turnaround Time Batch Processing Transaction data is recorded, accumulated into batches, sorted and process periodically When batch is processed Several hours or days after batches are submitted for processing Real-Time Processing Transaction data is processed as generated When transaction is processed A few seconds after each transaction is captured

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Data Communication Standards Are simply a set of rules that were established for use in the computer industry by the various international bodies ISO International Standards Organization IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ANSI American National Standards Institute CLOSED SYSTEMS vs. OPEN SYSTEMS Closed Systems A term used to describe any computer design whose specifications are not freely available. Such proprietary specifications make it difficult or impossible for third party vendors to create ancillary devices that worked correctly with a closed-architecture machine Closed systems resulted in the proliferation of proprietary systems where only products coming form the same manufacturers could work Open Systems A term used to describe any computer or peripheral design that has published specifications. It is designed to incorporate all devices----regardless of manufacturer or model that can use the same communications facilities and protocols Open systems enable equipment produced by one vendor to be used with equipment from any vendor that complies with the standards