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  • PWM Motor Speed Control

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    Rev. Matthew
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    The maximum duty cycle ulse-width modulation (PWM) can be 100%, which is equivalent to a control of DC motors. The duty cycle voltage across a DC motor and hence is defined as the percentage of digital 'low' plus digital 'high' Fig. 1 shows the 5V pulses with 0% through 50% duty cycle but variable duty cycle. The average DC voltage value for speed of motor M is proportional to 0% duty cycle is zero; with 25% duty cycle the average value

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    The maximum duty cycle ulse-width modulation (PWM) can be 100%, which is equivalent to a control of DC motors. The duty cycle voltage across a DC motor and hence is defined as the percentage of digital 'low' plus digital 'high' Fig. 1 shows the 5V pulses with 0% through 50% duty cycle but variable duty cycle. The average DC voltage value for speed of motor M is proportional to 0% duty cycle is zero; with 25% duty cycle the average value

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    897 views1 page

    PWM Motor Speed Control

    Uploaded by

    Rev. Matthew
    The maximum duty cycle ulse-width modulation (PWM) can be 100%, which is equivalent to a control of DC motors. The duty cycle voltage across a DC motor and hence is defined as the percentage of digital 'low' plus digital 'high' Fig. 1 shows the 5V pulses with 0% through 50% duty cycle but variable duty cycle. The average DC voltage value for speed of motor M is proportional to 0% duty cycle is zero; with 25% duty cycle the average value

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    CIRCUIT

    IDEAS

    SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING


    PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION
    UMAR
    SUNIL K
     EFY LAB age value is 2.5V, and if the duty cycle
    is 75%, the average voltage is 3.75V

    P
    ulse-width modulation (PWM) and so on. The maximum duty cycle
    or duty-cycle variation methods can be 100%, which is equivalent to a storage capacitor to pro-
    are commonly used in speed DC waveform. Thus by varying the vide stable voltage to the
    control of DC motors. The duty cycle pulse-width, we can vary the average circuit.
    is defined as the percentage of digital voltage across a DC motor and hence Thus, by varying
    ‘high’ to digital ‘low’ plus digital ‘high’ its speed. VR1 the duty cycle can
    pulse-width during a PWM period. The circuit of a simple speed con- be changed from 0% to
    troller for a mini DC motor, such 100% and the speed of
    as that used in tape recorders and the motor from ‘stopped’
    toys, is shown in Fig. 2. condition to ‘full speed’
    Fig. 3: Pin
    Here N1 inverting Schmitt trig- configuration in an even and continu-
    ger is configured as an astable of BC337A ous way. The diodes ef-
    Fig. 1: 5V pulses with 0% through 50% duty cycle multivibrator with constant period fectively provide differ-
    but variable duty ent timing resistor values during
    cycle. Although the charging and discharging of timing ca-
    total in-circuit resis- pacitor C1.
    tance of VR1 during The pulse or rest period is approxi-
    a complete cycle is mately given by the following equa-
    100 kilo-ohms, the tion:
    part used during Pulse or Rest period ≈ 0.4 x C1
    positive and negative (Farad) x VR1 (ohm) seconds.
    periods of each cycle Here, use the in-circuit value of
    can be varied by VR1 during pulse or rest period as ap-
    changing the posi- plicable.
    tion of its wiper con- The frequency will remain constant
    tact to obtain variable and is given by the equation:
    pulse-width. Schmitt Frequency ≈ 2.466/(VR1.C1) ≈ 250
    Fig. 2: DC motor speed control using PWM method gate N2 simply acts Hz (for VR1=100 kilo-ohms and C1=0.1
    as a buffer/driver to µF)
    Fig. 1 shows the 5V pulses with 0% drive transistor T1 during positive in- The recommended value of in-cir-
    through 50% duty cycle. cursions at its base. Thus the average cuit resistance should be greater than
    The average DC voltage value for amplitude of DC drive pulses or the 50 kilo-ohms but less than 2 mega-
    0% duty cycle is zero; with 25% duty speed of motor M is proportional to ohms, while the capacitor value should
    cycle the average value is 1.25V (25% the setting of the wiper position of VR1 be greater than 100 pF but less than
    of 5V). With 50% duty cycle the aver- potmeter. Capacitor C2 serves as a 1 µF. 

    WWW.EFYMAG.COM ELECTRONICS FOR YOU • AUGUST 2006 • 97

    CMYK

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