Pattern of Organization

pp. 142-143

6 Patterns of Organization:
1. Comparison/Contrast 2. Cause/Effect 3. Classification 4. Process 5. Definition/Clarification 6. Argumentation

1. Comparison/Contrast Writing that points out similarities and/or differences, e.g. Topic Handicapped people Students accommodation School lessons Two community colleges Two means of communication Two of your best friends Topic: Handicapped people Both Asians and Americans are equally incompetent at interacting with handicapped people, but because of having different culture, both have different treatment towards these not able-bodied. Cultural differences in the perception and treatment of handicapped persons are most clearly expressed by adults. Children, regardless of where they are, tend to be openly curious about people who do not look normal. Adults in Asia have no hesitation on asking visibly handicapped people what is wrong with them, often expressing their sympathy with look of pity, whereas adults in the United States try desperately to be polite by pretending not to notice. Compare/Contrast How Asians and Americans deal with handicapped people. Students living in a dormitory and those living at home. High school and college. UI and ITB. Telephone and cellular phone. A and B.

2. Cause/Effect Writing that points out reasons (causes) and/or results (effects) of a certain condition/decision, e.g. Topic Child abuse Exercise Women return to work Causes (reasons) Reasons of child abuse. Reasons why people should exercise Reasons why women return to work Separated families Senior citizens go back to work Modern farming Reasons why families are separated. Reasons why letting them go back to work. Reasons on applying modern farming Topic: Modern farming As a result of the modernization of agriculture, the farm of today looks a lot like a factory. The farmer is likely to be found studying a computer printout of long-range weather conditions. Who does the work? The answer is easy: A machine does it. The farmers hens lay their eggs on the conveyor belts which then carry the eggs off to be sorted and packed. Another machine is milking the farmers cows in the barn. Unfortunately, modern farming has its problems. The machines that they farmers rely on cost a lot of money. For example, a single tractor can cost US$50,000. When the machines wear out or become obsolete, the farmers must replace them with newer, more expensive models. Still, most farmers are willing to put up with these difficulties because these machines have freed them from all the heavy work. 3. Classification Effects (results) The results of child abuse. The effects of physical fitness. The effects on the family of women returning to work. The effects of family separation. The effect of letting them go back to work. The effect of modern farming.

Writing that groups things into category, e.g. classify chocolate, kinds of prairies, etc. Topic: Kinds of prairie Three distinct types of prairies are found in the world. The short-grass prairie lies in the immediate rain shadow. This kind of prairie is dominated by the most drought tolerant grasses, buffalo grass, and blue grama. Their length is around six to twelve inches. Another kind of prairie is the tall-grass prairie. This prairie is characterized by Indian grass, switchgrass, and big bluestem. In a good year, they can tower to six to twelve feet high. Between these two kinds is the mixed-grass prairie, with the elements of both short-grass and tall-grass types.

4. Process Writing that shows the steps of achieving something, e.g. the registration process at UI, opening a bank account, making chocolate, etc. Topic: Making chocolate Several steps should be undergone in order to create excellent chocolate. First, the chocolate beans are dried. In the small plantation, the beans are dried in the sun, but in a larger one, they are dried by a drying machine. Then, the beans are grounded until it becomes a liquid paste. This paste is called chocolate liquor. Dont be surprised with the word liquor because it does not contain any alcohol. The next thing to do is add flavor. It is time to add a little vanilla and a lot of sugar into the chocolate liquor and mix it for a couple of hours. Furthermore, the chocolate paste is molded. In this process, various molds are used to create various shapes. Finally, your chocolate is ready to serve.

5. Definition/Clarification Writing that explains an abstract concept, or idea, e.g. underdeveloped country, a fairy tale, linguistics, pharmacy, etc. Topic: A fairy tale A fairy tale is a serious tale with a human hero and a happy ending. At the beginning, the hero is despised as being suffered, stupid or untalented, but at the end he surprises everyone by demonstrating his heroism and winning the fame, riches, and love. Though he finally succeeds, he does not do so without a struggle. In fact, he managed to overcome not only natural difficulties like mountains or fire, but also wicked powers, like stepmothers, jealous brothers, and witches. The tale ends with the establishment of justice, not only the good is rewarded, but also the evil is punished.

6. Argumentation Writing that shows your opinion (whether agree or disagree) on a certain idea, e.g. your opinion on illegal logging, governments decision on raising fuel prices, living in a dormitory, etc. Topic: Cats are the best For all my friends with small or large dogs, I have one thing to say: Cats make the best pets. First, cats can take care of themselves. While a dog needs its owner to give it baths, a cat is quite happy to give itself baths, thank you. Next, a cat prefers to walk alone, or better yet, to stay inside and curl up in a warm armchair. On the other hand, a dogs owner must take it for a walk every day in all kinds of weather. Finally, cats are cheap, but dogs need large amounts of expensive food. A dog owner needs a second job just to feed his dogs. Cats, on the contrary, are happy with a handful of dried food. For all these reasons, my pet is a large, black cat named Marco.