Aids/hiv CA: HIV (Human Immunodefienciency Virus) Incubation Period: 4-6 weeks after exposure

Reverse transcription (HIV's RNA is converted to DNA) Integration (Inserting of dna) Transcription (DNA to RNA)

RESERVOIR: Humans infected with the disease POE: blood, secretion MOT: Sex, needles, blood tranfusion, perinatal transmission SUSCEPTIBLE HOST: Imunocompromised patients, Polygamous relationship, pregnancy (HIV +), blood transfusion, sharing of needles POE: Mucous membrane, skin, blood PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Predisposing Factor -age -all races -History -Gender Precipitating Factor -Immunosuppression -Work -Pregnancy -Sexually Active exposure Human Immunodeficiency Virus invasion of HIV HIV antibodies are produced but do not appear immediately (INCUBATION PERIOD 4-6 Weeks) HIV attaches to a protein molecule called CD4 Cells w/c is on the surface of T4 Cells

Translation (RNA goes out of Nucleus) Assembly (Assembly of the parts of VIRUS) Budding (Protection of cells [RNA]) T4 cells dies releasing HIV on the body

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS CA: Mycobacteriun tuberculosis Incubation Period: 4-6 weeks after exposure

RESERVOIR: Humans infected with the disease POE: Respiratory System MOT: Droplet, Airborne SUSCEPTIBLE HOST: Immunocompromised POE: Skin, Nose, Mouth PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Chronic exposure to infected persons Microorganisms settle throughout the airways

Viral replication inside T4 Cells (endocytosis entry of the virus inside the cells) Uncoating- The nucleocapsid needs to be partially dissolved so that the virus's RNA can be converted into DNA, a necessary step if HIV's genetic material is to be incorporated into the T-cell's genetic core. Bacteria in droplets bypass the mucocilliary system and reach the alveoli Complement protein C3 binds to the cell wall

 Opsonization by C3 is rapid Engulfed by alveolar macrophages

Proliferation and widespread dissemination

HEPATITIS B CA: Hepatitis B virus Incubation Period: 30180 days (mean, 812 weeks)

RESERVOIR: Humans infected with the disease Attracts T-Lymphocytes to the site Formation of Granuloma 2-3 weeks necrosis occurs Caseous necrosis LEPTOSPIROSIS CA: Leptospira interrogans Incubation Period: 6-15 days POE: Blood MOT: direct exchange of blood, contact with contaminated secretions and Sexual contact and perinatal transmission SUSCEPTIBLE HOST: Polygamous relationship, pregnancy (HIV +), blood transfusion, sharing of needles POE: Mucous membrane, skin, blood PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Entry to blood stream entry to the liver binds to the surface receptors of the kupffer cells entry of core particle to cytoplasm Transcription Translation Budding into endoplasmic reticulum Leptospires penetrate through broken skin, mucous membranes, inhalation of respiratory droplets, and waterlogged contact with intact skin and conjunctivae Bacterial clearance is by phagocytosis and humoral mechanism vesicular transport to cell membrane APC CD4 ( T-helper cell)

RESERVOIR: Rodents POE: Urine MOT: Mucous Membrane of the eyes, nose, mouth, and through a break through the skin. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST: People in flooded areas POE: blood PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Rodents and small mammals are the most common hosts they will excrete or shed leptospires in their urine

 B cells Antibody (IgM) chronic infection IgG

FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO Incubation Period: 2-5 days RESERVOIR: Humans POE: Skin, blood mucous membrane MOT: mosquito bite SUSCEPTIBLE HOST: children POE: skin, blood, mucuous membrane

Dengue Fever CA: Aedes Egypti Incubation Period: 2-5 days MENINGITIS RESERVOIR: Humans CA: POE: Skin, blood mucous membrane Incubation Period: 1-10 days MOT: mosquito bite RESERVOIR: Humans SUSCEPTIBLE HOST: children POE: Skin, blood mucous membrane POE: skin, blood, mucuous membrane MOT: mosquito bite PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: SUSCEPTIBLE HOST: children Aedes Egypti bites infected person POE: skin, blood, mucuous membrane Incubation period of the Aedes Egypti Bites the susceptible host Susceptible host incubation period Bites the PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Neisseria meningitides PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

MALARIA CA: Plasmodium Falciparum (malignant tertian) Plasmodium Vivax (Benign Tertian) Plasmodium Malariae (Quartan) Plasmodium ovale